Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Leucemia Linfoide/diagnóstico , Linfoma/diagnóstico , Meningitis/diagnóstico , Metotrexato/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Anciano , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Humanos , Leucemia Linfoide/tratamiento farmacológico , Linfoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The principles of modern diagnosis and therapy of lymphogranulomatosis are largely standardized today. Whereas the 50% probability survival rate in a group of patients diagnosed before 1970 was about 2 years, 23 out of 30 with standardized diagnosis and therapy have survived until now. Full remission was obtained in 21 of 30 patients. In spite of these encouraging results, the synopsis of the course of the disease shows that relapses and complications must be reckoned with in lymphogranulomatosis. Side effects of therapy may also acquire considerable clinical importance in the individual case.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Hodgkin/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/patología , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Dosificación RadioterapéuticaRESUMEN
Electronic cell count and blood smear was impossible because of extreme pseudoagglutination of erythrocytes in a 70-year-old woman with chronic lymphoid leukaemia and associated antibody deficiency. Cold precipitation of citrated plasma occurred at 4 degrees C, turbidity was noted at room temperature, and the plasma was clear at 37 degrees C. Serum immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated IgM paraprotein of kappa type which was also present in the eluate after breaking up the erythrocyte surface at 37 degrees C. This demonstrates that the pseudoagglutination was caused by loading of the red blood corpuscles by a serologically defined cryoglobulin.
Asunto(s)
Agregación Eritrocitaria/etiología , Inmunoglobulina M , Paraproteinemias/complicaciones , Anciano , Frío , Crioglobulinas , Femenino , Humanos , Síndromes de Inmunodeficiencia/complicaciones , Leucemia Linfoide/complicacionesRESUMEN
Serum concentration of beta2m were measured by radioimmunoassay in 78 healthy subjects and 80 patients with monoclonal gammopathies. The beta2m levels of normal sera were normally distributed with a mean concentration of 1610 microgram/l. 77% of values were between 1200 and 2000 microgram/l. The serum beta2m levels of patients with monoclonal gammopathies were significantly higher than those of the healthy subjects, but there was no significant difference when comparing the Ig class or the light-chain type. Urinary beta2m excretion of patients with monoclonal gammopathies (3--5400 microgram/l) were slightly higher than normal (15--113 microgram/l). Serum beta2m levels did not correlate with the serum levels of monoclonal immunoglobulins. This supports the hypothesis of the mutual independence of beta2m and Ig production.
Asunto(s)
beta-Globulinas/análisis , Hipergammaglobulinemia/sangre , Microglobulina beta-2/análisis , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulinas/análisis , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mieloma Múltiple/sangre , Mieloma Múltiple/orina , Radioinmunoensayo , Valores de Referencia , Microglobulina beta-2/orinaRESUMEN
The concentration of beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was measured radioimmunologically in the sera of 79 patients with malignant disorders and 15 patients with chronic pancreatitis. Elevated levels of beta2m and CEA were found in 11 out of 22 patients with carcinoma of the pancreas, which sets off this malignancy from chronic pancreatitis and other malignant tumors. Only 3 patients with carcinoma of the pancreas exhibited serum levels within the normal range for both parameters and none of the patients with chronic pancreatitis was shown to have elevated levels of beta2m. The simultaneous determination of beta2m and CEA suggests itself for the diagnosis of pancreatic malignancy especially in the case of a tentative diagnosis of a pancreatic tumor.
Asunto(s)
beta-Globulinas/análisis , Antígeno Carcinoembrionario/análisis , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Microglobulina beta-2/análisis , Enfermedad Crónica , Humanos , Pancreatitis/diagnósticoRESUMEN
PHA and pokeweed mitogen increase the RNA-synthesis and decrease the electrophoretic mobility (e.m.) of normal peripheral lymphocytes. The increase in RNA-synthesis is not observed culturing lymphocytes from some patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In these cases the electrophoretic mobility remains unchanged. In some patients with CLL an increase in RNA-synthesis develops later than in normal controls. Correspondingly the decrease of the e.m. can be observed with delay. Erythrocytes and thrombocytes are not influenced by the mitogens. Since an increase in RNA-synthesis and decrease of the e.m. is also observed in mixed lymphocyte cultures without the presence of mitogens it is followed that the increase in RNA-synthesis is responsible for the decrease of the e.m.
Asunto(s)
Linfocitos/inmunología , Potenciales de la Membrana , ARN/biosíntesis , Membrana Celular , Humanos , Lectinas , Leucemia Linfoide/sangre , Prueba de Cultivo Mixto de Linfocitos , MitógenosRESUMEN
Chloroquine splits autoantibodies from erythrocytes of patients with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in vitro. After the removal of chloroquine from the samples the autoantibodies can be identified in the eluates. With one exception the autoantibodies of patients with idiopathic autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) and severe haemolysis were completely split from the cells, whereas the autoantibodies of patients with symptomatic AIHA and moderate anaemia, of patients with diseases unrelated to haemolysis, and of healthy persons, were not completely split from the erythrocytes. In general, autoantibodies, which are associated with severe haemolysis, were more easily split from the red cells by chloroquine. The eluted IgG incomplete warm autoantibodies were only in part specific to Rh antigens. The Rh specificity does not correlate with the absence of presence of increased haemolysis. The inhibition of the autoantibodies and the splitting or 'loosening' of the antigen-antibody linkage with the immunocomplex by chloroquine could be responsible of a longer survival of autoantibody-coated red cells in patients with AIHA.
Asunto(s)
Anemia Hemolítica Autoinmune/inmunología , Autoanticuerpos , Cloroquina/farmacología , Eritrocitos/inmunología , Autoanticuerpos/análisis , Donantes de Sangre , Prueba de Coombs , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/análisis , Técnicas In VitroRESUMEN
Cytostatics have no effect on antigen-antibody reactions in vitro. Immunosuppression by cytostatics is mainly based on the inhibition of immunocytes. Prednisolone inhibits RA-factors in the Waaler-Rose-test; the mechanism of this effect is not understood at the present time. Acetylsalicylic acid has no influence on the antigen-antibody reactions investigated. Nucleotides inhibit only ANA; the effect is probably based on a cross reaction with ANA. D-enicillamine inhibits RA-factors and other IgM-antibodies by splitting SS-bonds in macromolecules of immunoglobulins. Quinoline derivatives inhibit RA-factors, ANA, cold agglutinins and IgG-isoantibodies and autoantibodies to erythrocytes. Contrary to nucleotides, prednisolone and d-penicillamine, which also inhibit antigen-antibody reactions, chloroquine is splitting immune complexes; after the aplitting of the complexes the reactivity of antigens and antibodies is not impaired. The mechanism of action of chloroquine might be connected with physical and chemical processes of the antigen-antibody reaction. The reduction of the surface charge of human red cells is not related to the inhibition of antigen-antibody reactions by the substances investigated.