RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) presents a significant challenge in women's reproductive health, characterized by disrupted folliculogenesis and ovulatory dysfunction. Central to PCOS pathogenesis are granulosa cells, whose dysfunction contributes to aberrant steroid hormone production and oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction emerges as a key player, influencing cellular energetics, oxidative stress, and steroidogenesis. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) and their exosomes in mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in PCOS granulosa cells. METHODS: Using a rat model of PCOS induced by letrozole, granulosa cells were harvested and cultured. MenSCs and their exosomes were employed to assess their effects on mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative stress, and estrogen production in PCOS granulosa cells. RESULTS: Results showed diminished mitochondrial biogenesis and increased oxidative stress in PCOS granulosa cells, alongside reduced estrogen production. Treatment with MenSCs and their exosomes demonstrated significant improvements in mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative stress levels, and estrogen production in PCOS granulosa cells. Further analysis showed MenSCs' superior efficacy over exosomes, attributed to their sustained secretion of bioactive factors. Mechanistically, MenSCs and exosomes activated pathways related to mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidative defense, highlighting their therapeutic potential for PCOS. CONCLUSIONS: This study offers insights into granulosa cells mitochondria's role in PCOS pathogenesis and proposes MenSCs and exosomes as a potential strategy for mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in PCOS. Further research is needed to understand underlying mechanisms and validate clinical efficacy, presenting promising avenues for addressing PCOS complexity.
Asunto(s)
Exosomas , Células de la Granulosa , Mitocondrias , Estrés Oxidativo , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/metabolismo , Femenino , Células de la Granulosa/metabolismo , Exosomas/metabolismo , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Ratas , Animales , Humanos , Menstruación , Células Madre/metabolismo , Letrozol/farmacología , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Exosomes are bilayer lipid membrane nanoparticles that can contain DNA, mRNA, proteins, etc. Exosomes can be considered safe because they are produced endogenously. Today, utilizing exosomes as a cell-free procedure is considered to be approved in regenerative medicine. They are being used in dental regenerative medicine as well. In this review, we briefly describe exosomes, their characteristics, routes of isolation, and ways of administration. In addition, some therapeutic aspects of these extracellular vesicles, especially in dental degenerative lesions, are also discussed. Based on previous studies, exosome therapy is beneficial in dental regeneration. Exosomes can induce dental pulp regeneration and periodontal regeneration. For instance, they can promote angiogenesis and neurogenesis, or stimulate bone regeneration in the periodontal ligaments and alveolar bone, among many other therapeutic aspects. CONCLUSION: It seems that exosomes will play a significant role in future medicine. Although exosomes are approved as beneficial for therapeutic purposes, it seems there is still a long way to go before they are applied to human treatments. However, perhaps one day it will come to reality.