RESUMEN
Aim: Conjugated critical reagents are a pillar of ligand binding analysis. Although good practices for characterization have already been discussed, little is known about how assays are affected by specific conjugation parameters. Results: Here we developed, characterized and screened a toolset of bioconjugates that provided new insights about the optimization of conjugated critical reagent attributes. Biotinylated and sulfo-tagged trastuzumab were utilized as capture and detection antibodies, respectively, in an antidrug antibody (ADA) assay. The optimal conjugation window was identified by functional assessment. Excess of unlabeled biotin, but not sulfo-tag, affected the assay performance. An increase in the assay baseline was observed when sulfo-tagged trastuzumab underwent increasing freeze-thaw cycles. Conclusion: Upfront systematic screening and characterization of conjugated critical reagent attributes benefit assay robustness.
Asunto(s)
Inmunoensayo/métodos , Trastuzumab/inmunología , Biotinilación , Tampones (Química) , Indicadores y Reactivos/química , Peso Molecular , Trastuzumab/químicaRESUMEN
Like it or not, coal is here to stay, for the next few decades at least. Continued use of coal in this age of growing greenhouse gas controls will require removing carbon dioxide from the coal waste stream. We already remove toxicants such as sulfur dioxide and mercury, and the removal of CO2 is the next step in reducing the environmental impacts of using coal as an energy source (i.e., greening coal). This paper outlines some of the complexities encountered in capturing CO2 from coal, transporting it large distances through pipelines, and storing it safely underground.