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BACKGROUND: Cutaneous morbidities are not uncommon in correctional centres and environmental cleanliness and sanitation practices influence their prevalence and pattern. Overcrowding and poor living conditions are common in correctional facilities and may increase the prevalence of skin diseases amongst inmates. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern of dermatoses in a correctional centre in southern Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was an institutional-based cross-sectional descriptive study carried out during a health outreach to the facility involving inmates of a correctional centre in southern Nigeria. Using a purpose-designed questionnaire, sociodemographic data containing information on sex, age, prison status, and number of inmates per room was obtained from a total of 252 inmates who consented to the study. They were subsequently clinically examined for skin diseases. Dermatological tools like dermoscopes were used to boost diagnostic accuracy where expedient. All data collected were subsequently analysed using SPSS version 23.0. RESULTS: The prevalence of cutaneous morbidities amongst the inmates was 224(88.9%). A total of 332 skin morbidities were observed in 224 prison inmates with a ratio of 1.5:1 per affected inmate. The common dermatoses encountered in our study were scabies 181(71.8%), bedbugs 38(15.1%), dermatophytosis 24(9.5%), pityriasis versicolor 20(7.9%), and pediculosis 18(7.1%) in a decreasing order of frequency. CONCLUSION: Cutaneous morbidities are common among prison inmates in southern Nigeria. Scabies was the most common dermatoses observed.

CONTEXTE: Les morbidités cutanées ne sont pas rares dans les centres pénitentiaires et les pratiques d'hygiène et d'assainissement de l'environnement influencent leur prévalence et leur répartition. Le surpeuplement et les mauvaises conditions de vie sont courants dans les établissements pénitentiaires et peuvent augmenter la prévalence des maladies de la peau chez les détenus. Cette étude visait à déterminer la prévalence et la répartition des dermatoses dans un centre pénitentiaire nigérian du sud du. MÉTHODES: Il s'agissait d'une étude descriptive transversale institutionnelle réalisée lors d'une campagne de santé dans l'établissement, impliquant des détenus d'un centre pénitentiaire du sud du Nigeria. À l'aide d'un questionnaire spécialement conçu, des données sociodémographiques contenant des informations sur le sexe, l'âge, le statut pénitentiaire et le nombre de détenus par cellule ont été recueillies auprès de 252 détenus ayant donné leur consentement à l'étude. Ils ont ensuite été examinés cliniquement pour les maladies cutanées. Des outils dermatologiques comme les dermoscopes ont été utilisés pour améliorer la précision du diagnostic lorsque cela était nécessaire. Toutes les données collectées ont été analysées à l'aide de SPSS version 23.0. RÉSULTATS: La prévalence des morbidités cutanées chez les détenus était de 224 (88,9 %). Un total de 332 morbidités cutanées ont été observées chez 224 détenus, soit un ratio de 1,5 : 1 par détenu atteint. Les dermatoses les plus fréquentes observées dans notre étude étaient la gale (181, 71,8 %), les punaises de lit (38, 15,1 %), la dermatophytose (24, 9,5 %), le pityriasis versicolor (20, 7,9 %) et la pédiculose (18, 7,1 %) dans l'ordre décroissant de fréquence. CONCLUSION: Les morbidités cutanées sont fréquentes chez les détenus du sud du Nigeria. La gale était la dermatose la plus fréquente observée. MOTS-CLÉS: Dermatoses, Centre pénitentiaire, Gale.

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BACKGROUND: Malnutrition Inflammatory Complex Syndrome (MICS) is a non-traditional cardiovascular risk factor that is associated with poor overall outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it has not been well studied among Nigerian CKD population despite its potential for response to therapeutic intervention. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and severity of MICS and some of its associated factors among pre-dialysis CKD patients. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study that involved 51 predialysis CKD patients and 51 healthy controls. MICS was assessed using malnutrition inflammation scores (MIS) among the participants. MIS of > 6 was used as the criterion for diagnosis of MICS. RESULTS: The mean ages of the CKD and control groups were 50.96 ± 11.42 years and 48.31±9.83 years, respectively. The prevalence of MICS was significantly higher in the CKD group compared to the control group (54.90% vs 7.8%; P =<0.001). MICS was mild and moderate to severe in 64.3% and 35.7% of the predialysis CKD participants, respectively. Among all the study participants, lower educational level, low estimated glomerular filtration rate, (P<0.001), dyslipidemia (P =<0.001), anaemia (P=<0.001) and hypertension (P=0.033) were significantly associated with MICS. There was significant negative correlation between the MIS and estimated glomerular filtration (r = -0.73, P <0.001), and haematocrit (r = -0.335, p =0.016). CONCLUSION: MICS was common in pre-dialysis CKD population. It was significantly associated with hypertension, dyslipidemia, educational level, anaemia and estimated glomerular filtration rate in pre-dialysis CKD patients. Early diagnosis and treatment may reduce poor cardiovascular outcomes in them.

CONTEXTE: Le syndrome du complexe inflammatoire de la malnutrition (MICS) est un facteur de risque cardiovasculaire non traditionnel qui est associé à de mauvais résultats globaux dans la maladie rénale chronique (MRC). Cependant, il n'a pas été bien étudié parmi la population nigériane atteinte de MRC, malgré son potentiel d'intervention thérapeutique. OBJECTIFS: Déterminer la prévalence et la gravité de la MICS et certains de ses facteurs associés chez les patients atteints d'IRC en pré-dialyse. MÉTHODES: Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale portant sur 51 patients atteints d'IRC en prédialyse et 51 témoins sains. Le MICS a été évalué en utilisant les scores d'inflammation de malnutrition (MIS) parmi les participants. Un indice de malnutrition supérieur ou égal à 6 a été utilisé comme critère de diagnostic de la MICS. RÉSULTATS: L'âge moyen des groupes de personnes atteintes de NC et de témoins était de 50,96 ± 11,42 ans et de 48,31±9,83 ans, respectivement. La prévalence des MICS était significativement plus élevée dans le groupe IRC que dans le groupe témoin (54,90 % contre 7,8 % ; P =<0,001). La MICS était légère et modérée à sévère chez 64,3% et 35,7 % des participants à l'IRC avant dialyse, respectivement. Parmi l'ensemble des participants à l'étude, un niveau d'éducation plus faible, un faible débit de filtration glomérulaire estimé. (P<0,001), la dyslipidémie (P =<0,001), l'anémie (P=<0,001) et l'hypertension (P=0,033) étaient significativement associés au MICS. Il y avait une corrélation négative significative entre le MICS et la filtration glomérulaire estimée (r = -0,73, P <0,001), et l'hématocrite (r=-0,335, p =0,016). CONCLUSION: Le MICS était fréquent dans la population IRC pré-dialyse. Il était significativement associé à l'hypertension, la dyslipidémie, le niveau d'éducation, l'anémie et le taux de filtration glomérulaire estimé chez les patients IRC pré-dialysés. Un diagnostic et un traitement précoces pourraient réduire les mauvais résultats cardiovasculaires chez ces patients. Mots clés: Le syndrome du complexe inflammatoire de la malnutrition, Pré-dialyse, maladies rénal chronique, Titre courant proposé : Le MICS chez les patients IRC pré-dialysés.

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BACKGROUND: The incidence and outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) are worse in developing countries due to late diagnosis, poor access and high cost of care. Surgical patients may have up to 10 fold increased risk for AKI due to complications arising from the primary surgical illness, peri-operative complications and treatment. METHODS: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study of the epidemiology of AKI in two Nigerian tertiary institutions. Patients who had surgery during a 1year period were included. Patients' identification were obtained from the theatre registers, and relevant data collected from their hospital files. AKI was defined using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) serum creatinine criteria. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty patients were studied, and the majority were males (60.9%). Forty patients developed AKI (18.2%), with the majority in KDIGO stage 1 (12.7%). Mean age was 43.7±17.6 years compared to 37.2±21.7 years among those without AKI (mean difference=6.489, p=0.079). More males than females developed AKI (19.4% vs 16.3%, p=0.558). AKI was diagnosed in 38.5% of patients with sepsis compared to 16.9% of non-septic patients (p=0.061); in 23.9% of patients who had significant blood loss compared to 15.4% of patients without significant blood loss (p=0.128). Intensive care unit (ICU) admission was significantly commoner among patients with AKI (20% vs 7.8% p = 0.023). Mortality was 25% among patients who developed AKI compared to 7.2% in those without AKI (p=0.005) CONCLUSION: Patients diagnosed with AKI had a higher mean age. Perisurgical AKI was commoner in males, patients with sepsis, and those who lost significant blood intra-operatively. ICU admission and mortality were significantly higher among patients with AKI.

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BACKGROUND: Crossed fused renal ectopia is a relatively rare condition which may remain undiagnosed for a long time. Renal function is usually preserved. It usually involves the left kidney. It is usually associated with mal-rotation, and may be a cause of urinary tract infection, hydronephrosis and renal calculi. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We report a case of a 15-year old boy who was referred to our clinic with complaints of abdominal pain, and an ultrasound report of "absent right kidney". RESULTS: Urine examination indicated a partially treated infection, but the tests of kidney functions were normal. Intravenous urography confirmed crossed fused renal ectopia, and a flush aortogram showed two anomalous right renal arteries arising from the left side of aorta. CONCLUSION: An "absent" kidney in its normal location should prompt further investigations. Recurrent chronic lower abdominal pain and urinary tract infection in a young person may be due to congenital renal abnormality. Evaluation of persistent urinary abnormalities in a child should include screening for congenital abnormalities.

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AIM: Despite heart failure having been identified in subjects in sub-Saharan Africa over the last 60 years, there is still a dearth of data, especially echocardiographic data on heart failure. We therefore set out to analyse the clinical and echocardiographic features of all consecutive subjects presenting with heart failure in a tertiary institution in Nigeria. METHODS: Three hundred and forty subjects with heart failure, according to the guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology, were studied. Each patient had two-dimensional guided transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 50.60 +/- 15.29 years, and 50.9% of the study population were males while 49.1% were females. The commonest cause of heart failure identified was hypertension in 61.5% of the patients; 75.5% had systolic heart failure, whereas 23.5% had heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. CONCLUSIONS: Untreated hypertension has been identified as the leading cause of heart failure in Abuja, Nigeria, which is similar to that in many other parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Coronary artery disease is a rare cause of heart failure in this population group.

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