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INTRODUCTION: Financial health is related to the overall health of an individual and their family. The objective of this study was to evaluate the scientific production on financial health in the Scopus database for the 2011-2022 period. METHOD: Scoping review of manuscripts published in journals indexed in the Scopus database between the years 2011 and 2022. The following search terms were used: "Financial obligations", "financial inclusion", "family economy", "financial education", "financial literacy", "financial wellness" and "financial stress", which were entered in the Scopus search engine together with the Boolean operators (AND, OR).  Results: A total of 6 940 publications were identified, of which 81.95% were original articles. The United States was the country with the highest scientific production (35.5%). We identified a trend of increasing number of papers during the study period, especially from 2016 onward, with an 860% increase in 2022 (n=1429) with respect to 2011 (n=165). The journals with the highest number of publications were Sustainability (Switzerland) and the Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning (USA). Finally, the key search terms with the greatest yield were "financial inclusion" through the use of technology, "financial stress", "financial education" and "financial health." CONCLUSIONS: Research on financial health has increased significantly. The new knowledge on the subject is mostly driven by authors and institutions from the United States, and finally, there is evidence of an increasing trend of pulbications related to financial inclusion and financial education.

Introducción: La salud financiera, determinada en buena parte por el salario, está estrechamente relacionada a la salud global del individuo y su familia. Por ello se tuvo como objetivo evaluar la producción científica sobre salud financiera en la base de datos Scopus: periodo 2011 - 2022. Método: Scoping review en la que se analizaron manuscritos publicados en revistas indexadas en la base de datos Scopus entre los años 2011 - 2022. Para la búsqueda se utilizó descriptores tales como financial obligations, financial inclusion, family economy, financial education, financial literacy, financial wellness y financial stress. Se realizó una síntesis narrativa. Resultados: Se incluyeron 6 940 manuscritos, de los cuales el 82,0% eran artículos originales. Se observó un crecimiento constante del número de artículos a lo largo del periodo de estudio, especialmente a partir de 2016, con un incremento del 860% en 2022 (n = 1429) respecto a 2011 (n=165). Estados Unidos fue el país con mayor producción científica. Las revistas con mayor número de publicaciones fueron Sustainability (Suiza) y el Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning (EEUU). Entre los descriptores de mayor impacto se encuentran la inclusión financiera a través del uso de la tecnología, estrés financiero, educación financiera y salud financiera. Conclusiones: La investigación sobre salud financiera ha tenido un aumento significativo. El nuevo conocimiento sobre el tema es impulsado por autores e instituciones de Estados Unidos en su mayoría, y finalmente, se evidencian tendencias de estudio relacionadas a la inclusión y educación financiera.

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Background: Medical education represents a complex field of study, influenced by various psychological, demographic, and contextual factors. Academic motivation, essential for educational success, has been linked to critical decisions in medical careers and can be modulated by contextual elements such as socioeconomic and geographical environments. The theory of self-determination has provided a solid framework for understanding the multidimensional nature of motivation. Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Short Scale of Academic Motivation among Peruvian medical students. Methods: Using an instrumental design, the factorial structure, reliability, and gender invariance of the SAMS-S were assessed. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to validate the scale's structure based on seven dimensions. Additionally, reliability was assessed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient and omega coefficient, and gender invariance was determined through multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The Peruvian version of the SAMS-S showed a good fit in the CFA with satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices. However, challenges in discriminant validity among certain dimensions were detected, suggesting the presence of a second-order factor. The proposed second-order model yielded an adequate fit (χ2 = 198.26, df = 70, CFI = 0.92, TLI = 0.90, RMSEA = 0.08 [90% CI: 0.07-0.1], SRMR = 0.07), validating the factorial structure of the SAMS-S. The scale's reliability and its subscales were within acceptable ranges. Furthermore, the gender invariance of the SAMS-S was confirmed at all levels, from configural to strict. Conclusions: The second-order model of the SAMS-S presents as a valid and reliable tool for measuring academic motivation among medical students in Peru. Its robustness and adaptability make it relevant for future research in similar educational contexts and can serve as a basis for interventions aimed at improving academic motivation in this specific group.

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Background: climate change is a reality, and more and more people are becoming aware of this global problem, which has generated anxiety in some populations. To validate a short survey to assess eco-anxiety in adults in South America. Methods: It is an instrumental study, and the validation was based on a previous survey, which had six questions and was generated by 217 respondents in the USA in 2021. These questions were subjected to a validation process with expert judgment, pilot and application, and then statistics were obtained. It was validated with 1907 people in six countries in South America, where the mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis were adequate. Results: The initial confirmatory factorial model obtained unsatisfactory goodness-of-fit indices, so the indices were modified through a re-specification, where two items were eliminated, after which adequate values were obtained (χ2 = 22.34, df = 2, p = 0.00; RMR = 0.020; GFI = 0.990; CFI = 0.990; TLI = 0.990; and RMSEA = 0.070). Finally, the overall Cronbach's α was calculated to be 0.88 (95% CI = 0.86-0.89). Conclusions: The test was validated in a large South American population and found that only four questions can efficiently measure anxiety about the effects of climate change. The instrument can be used with other tests to screen different age groups, ethnicities and realities.

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Introducción: El Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety (PHQ-4) es una medida de autoinforme ultrabreve de síntomas depresivos y ansiosos. El PHQ-4 no ha sido adaptado ni validado en la población quechua hablante. Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo adaptar y validar el PHQ-4 en una muestra de población peruana quechua hablante en su variante Collao de Puno-Perú. Metodología: Participaron 221 personas hablantes de quechua variante collao (promedio de edad de 31,2 años, SD = 11,7, 47,1 % hombres y 52,9 % mujeres). Se evaluó la evidencia de validez basada en la estructura interna, mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio (CFA), la fiabilidad con el método de consistencia interna y las características de dificultad y discriminación de los ítems en base a la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (IRT). Resultados: Los resultados indicaron que todos los ítems del PHQ-4 son relevantes, coherentes y claros para representar adecuadamente los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión. El resultado del AFC apoyó un modelo unifactorial, donde los ítems de ansiedad y depresión conforman una sola variable latente con una fiabilidad alta. Todos los ítems del PHQ-4 presentas buenos parámetros de discriminación y los parámetros de dificultad indican que los ítems son comparativamente difíciles. Por lo tanto, se necesita una mayor presencia del rasgo latente (ansiedad y depresión) para responder las categorías de respuesta más altas. Discusión: En conclusión, la PHQ-4 presentó buenas propiedades psicométricas como una medida de detección primaria rápida, confiable y válida para personas quechuahablantes que necesitan una evaluación profunda, monitoreo de los síntomas para diagnóstico y tratamiento para la ansiedad o depresión.

Introduction: The Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety (PHQ-4) is an ultra-brief self-report measure of depression and anxiety symptoms. The PHQ-4 has not been adapted or validated in the Quechua-speaking population. Objective: This study aimed to adapt and validate the PHQ-4 in a sample of the Peruvian Quechua-speaking population with its Collao variant from Puno-Peru. Methods: A total of 221 Quechua speakers of the Collao variant (mean age 31.2 years, SD = 11.7, 47.1% male and 52.9% female) participated. Evidence of validity based on internal structure was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), reliability using the internal consistency method, and item difficulty and discrimination characteristics based on Item Response Theory (IRT). Results: The results indicated that all items of the PHQ-4 were relevant, consistent, and clear enough to adequately represent anxiety and depressive symptoms. The CFA results supported a one-factorial model, in which anxiety and depression items form a single latent variable with high reliability. All items of the PHQ-4 had good discrimination parameters, and the difficulty parameters indicated that the items were comparatively difficult. Therefore, a higher presence of the latent trait (anxiety and depression) is needed to answer higher response categories. Discussion: In conclusion, the PHQ-4 presented good psychometric properties as a rapid, reliable, and valid primary screening measure for Quechua speakers in need of in-depth assessment and symptom monitoring for the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety and depression.

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Introduction: Social conflicts have repercussions on the mental health of the economically active population. Objective: To adapt and validate the Financial Stress Scale in the context of social conflicts (ESECPS). Method: An instrumental study involving 2,242 owners of small and medium enterprises (50.9% women), aged between 18 and 74 years old, selected through a non-probabilistic purposive sampling. The participants were recruited across three regions of Peru during periods of protests and strikes against the incumbent Peruvian government. The instrument for adaptation was the financial stress scale EFEmp-Cov19, created in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic's impact. Results: All items proved to be clear, relevant, and representative (V > 0.70). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) revealed the existence of one underlying factor across the 11 items (KMO = 0.962, Bartlett = 5434.3; df = 55; p < 0.001). However, for Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), items 4 and 11 were removed, resulting in support for a unidimensional model with 9 items (χ2 = 262.73, df = 23, p < 0.001; RMR = 0.022; TLI = 0.972; CFI = 0.980; and RMSEA = 0.072). Regarding reliability, a very high value was found (ω = 0.92). Conclusion: The ESECPS demonstrates adequate psychometric properties, making it a suitable measure to assess financial stress among Peruvian entrepreneurs facing economic instability and financial threats in the context of social conflicts.

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Introducción: Durante la emergencia sanitaria, preocupan las repercusiones en la salud mental que pudieran estar experimentando los trabajadores sanitarios peruanos, quienes representan la primera línea de atención contra la COVID-19. Objetivo: Determinar si la preocupación por la COVID-19 y la carga laboral predicen el malestar psicológico en personal de salud. Métodos: Estudio predictivo en 367 trabajadores (enfermeros, médicos, técnicos en enfermería, obstetras, odontólogos, psicólogos, nutricionistas, entre otros) de ambos sexos en 12 redes de salud de la región de Puno, seleccionados a través de un muestreo no probabilístico intencional. Los datos se recogieron a través de la Escala de malestar psicológico de Kessler, la Escala de preocupación por el contagio de la COVID-19 y la Escala de carga de trabajo (ECT). Resultados: Se encontró que no hay diferencias significativas entre varones y mujeres en el malestar psicológico, la preocupación por el contagio de la COVID-19 y la carga laboral; además, se hallaron correlaciones muy significativas entre las variables de estudio (p < 0,01). El análisis de regresión múltiple demostró un ajuste adecuado para el modelo (F = 94,834; p < 0,001), en el que la preocupación por la COVID-19 (ß =-0,436; p < 0,01) y la carga laboral (ß = 0,239; p < 0,01) son variables que predicen significativamente el malestar psicológico (R2 ajustado = 0,33). Conclusiones: La preocupación por la COVID-19 y la sobrecarga de trabajo predicen el malestar psicológico en el personal sanitario de la región de Puno.

Introduction: During the health emergency, there is concern about the mental health repercussions that Peruvian health workers, who represent the front line of care for COVID-19, may be experiencing. Objective: To determine whether concern about COVID-19 and workloads predict psychological distress in healthcare workers. Methods: Predictive study in which 367 workers (nurses, doctors, nursing assistants, obstetricians, dentists, psychologists, nutritionists, among others) from 12 health networks in the Puno region participated, selected through intentional non-probabilistic sampling. The data were collected via the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, the COVID-19 Scale of Concern and the Workload Scale. Results: It was found that there are no significant differences between men and women in psychological discomfort and concern about COVID-19 infection and workload. Furthermore, highly significant correlations were found between the study variables (p <0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed an adequate adjustment for the model (F = 94.834; p <0.001), where concern about COVID-19 (ß = -0.436; p <0.01) and workload (ß = 0.239; p <0.01) are variables that significantly predict psychological discomfort (adjusted R2 = 0.33). Conclusions: Concern about COVID-19 and work overload predict psychological distress in health personnel in the Puno region.

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Background: Life satisfaction is essential for teachers' work performance and student learning. Additionally, servant leadership has been shown to be one of the best leadership practices as it promotes employee well-being and satisfaction. Moreover, satisfaction with job resources acts as a mediator in the relationship between servant leadership and life satisfaction by influencing individual and collective performance in the organization. Objective: This research aimed to evaluate the mediating role of satisfaction with job resources in the relationship between servant leadership and life satisfaction. Methods: The study was cross-sectional and explanatory. 620 teachers aged between 20 and 62 years (M = 35 and SD = 9.49) participated in the study. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to measure life satisfaction, service leadership, and job resource satisfaction through the use of questionnaires. Results: The results indicated that the model obtained an adequate fit, χ2 = 2,658, df = 551, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.941, TLI = 0.936, RMSEA = 0.079, SRMR = 0.070. The results confirm the positive influence of leadership on satisfaction with resources and life satisfaction. Additionally, a positive influence of satisfaction with job resources on life satisfaction was observed. Moreover, the mediation of job resources in servant leadership and life satisfaction was confirmed. Conclusion: Servant leadership, supported by satisfaction with job resources, can reduce effort and associated costs, stimulate personal growth and learning, and improve the well-being of teachers.

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Research on life satisfaction in indigenous populations is limited due to language barriers. Therefore, this paper aimed to translate and validate the Life Satisfaction Scale into the original Quechua language (collao variant) of southern Peru. The research was classified as instrumental and transversal and was conducted with the voluntary participation of 242 Quechua adults speaking the collao variant. The instrument that was translated was the 5-item SWLS, previously adapted to Peruvian Spanish. The internal structure was analyzed under an analytical-factorial approach, and the discrimination and difficulty of the items were evaluated from the item response theory (IRT). Expert judgment was favorable for all items (V > 0.70), confirming the 1-dimensional structure of the scale (χ2 = 8.972, df = 5, p = .000; CFI = 0.985; TLI = 0.970 and RMSEA = 0.057), with acceptable reliability (ω = 0.65). All the items of the scale presented adequate discrimination indices; in addition, the results of the evaluation of factorial invariance as a function of gender demonstrated configurational equivalence but an absence of metric invariance. In conclusion, the SWLS translated into Collao Quechua (collao variant) has a stable factorial structure and adequate internal consistency, although it was not possible to completely demonstrate the invariance by gender, it can be used for initial investigations to measure satisfaction with life of the Quechua-speaking indigenous population of southern Peru.

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INTRODUCTION: During the health emergency, there is concern about the mental health repercussions that Peruvian health workers, who represent the front line of care for COVID-19, may be experiencing. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether concern about COVID-19 and workloads predict psychological distress in healthcare workers. METHODS: Predictive study in which 367 workers (nurses, doctors, nursing assistants, obstetricians, dentists, psychologists, nutritionists, among others) from 12 health networks in the Puno region participated, selected through intentional non-probabilistic sampling. The data were collected via the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, the COVID-19 Scale of Concern and the Workload Scale. RESULTS: It was found that there are no significant differences between men and women in psychological discomfort and concern about COVID-19 infection and workload. Furthermore, highly significant correlations were found between the study variables (P < .01). Multiple regression analysis showed an adequate adjustment for the model (F = 94.834; P < .001), where concern about COVID-19 (ß = -0.436; P < .01) and workload (ß = 0.239; P < .01) are variables that significantly predict psychological discomfort (adjusted R2 = 0.33). CONCLUSIONS: Concern about COVID-19 and work overload predict psychological distress in health personnel in the Puno region.

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Introduction: An indisputable consequence has to do with the psychological impact of the COVID-19 on health professionals and students. In Cuba, these psychological manifestations have scarcely been investigated, and there are no reports in the dental undergraduate program. Objective: To analyze the evidences of validity and reliability of a depression, anxiety and stress scale in Cuban dental students in the context of COVID-19. Methods: An instrumental and cross-sectional study was carried out, which included students of all years and Cuban universities. A documentary measurement instrument was validated, using its main psychometric evidence. Convergent validity was analyzed and reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: 301 students were included, of which 74.09 percent were women and whose ages ranged from 17 to 30 years. The asymmetry and kurtosis values of all items were adequate. The confirmatory factorial analysis showed that the factorial structure of 21 items distributed in 3 factors is satisfactory. The goodness of fit indices was equally satisfactory. The scale factors are directly and significantly related with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (p<0.01) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (p<0.01); the scale shows evidences of convergent validity. With Cronbach's α coefficient, the scale scores were estimated to be reliable. Conclusions: The depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21) in Cuban dental students in the context of COVID-19 turned out to be valid and reliable, in addition to allowing the evaluation of the dimensions of these three factors in this sector of the society(AU)

Introducción: La COVID-19 produce un innegable impacto psicológico en estudiantes y profesionales de la salud. En Cuba, estas manifestaciones psicológicas apenas se han estudiado, y no existen informes al respecto en el programa de pregrado que corresponde a estomatología. Objetivo: Analizar las evidencias sobre validez y confiablidad de una escala para medir depresión, ansiedad y estrés en estudiantes de estomatología cubanos en el contexto de la COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio instrumental y trasversal con estudiantes de todos los cursos y universidades cubanas. Se validó un instrumento de medición de tipo documental mediante su principal evidencia psicométrica. Se analizó la validez convergente y se estimó la confiabilidad mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: Se incluyeron 301 estudiantes, el 74,09 por ciento de los cuales son mujeres y cuyas edades oscilan de diecisiete a treinta años. Los valores de la asimetría y la curtosis de todos los ítems fueron adecuados. El análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró que la estructura factorial de los 21 ítems distribuidos en tres factores es satisfactoria. La bondad de los índices de ajuste también fue satisfactoria. Los factores de la escala están directa y significativamente relacionados con la escala para medir el trastorno de ansiedad gefneralizas-2 (p<0,01) y con el cuestionario sobre salud del paciente-2. La escala muestra evidencias de validez convergente. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach permitió estimar la confiablidad de las puntuaciones del instrumento. Conclusiones: La escala para medir depresión, ansiedad y estrés (DASS-21) aplicada a estudiantes de estomatología cubanos en el contexto de la COVID-19 resulto ser válida y confiable, además de permitir la evaluación de las dimensiones de estos tres factores en este sector de la sociedad(AU)

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INTRODUCTION: After facing a health crisis, it is important for workers to develop recovery experiences; therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the recovery experience scale in Peruvian salaried workers. METHOD: A cross-sectional study of 462 salaried workers of both sexes, between 20 and 66 years of age, from the three regions of Peru, who participated voluntarily. The participants were recruited from companies in the financial, tourism, education, health and telecommunications sectors. The survey instrument was the recovery experience scale, which had been previously validated for Peruvian teachers. The internal structure was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha (?) coefficient and convergent validity through Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The confirmatory factor analysis showed an adequate fit for the original four-factor structure (x2= 141.782, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.981, RMSEA = 0.065 and SRMR = 0.035). The resulting factor loadings were between 0.71 and 0.90 and the internal consistency ? between 0.81 and 0.92. With respect to convergent validity, direct and significant correlations were found between the recovery experience dimensions and the general well-being scale (r= 0.126 to r=0.287). CONCLUSIONS: The recovery experience scale demonstrates validity, based on internal structure, reliability and convergent validity, and can be used in the occupational health management of Peruvian salaried workers.

OBJETIVO: analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de experiencias de recuperación en trabajadores dependientes (asalariados) peruanos. Método: estudio transversal donde participaron voluntariamente 462 trabajadores dependientes de ambos sexos, de entre 20 a 66 años de edad, de las tres regiones del Perú. Los participantes fueron reclutados de empresas del sector financiero, turismo, educación, salud y telecomunicaciones. El instrumento objeto de validación fue la escala de experiencias de recuperación validada para profesores peruanos. Se analizó la estructura interna mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio, la consistencia interna con el coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach y la validez convergente a través del coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. RESULTADOS: el análisis factorial confirmatorio reportó un ajuste adecuado para la estructura original de cuatro factores (x2= 141.782., p < 0,001, CFI = 0,981, RMSEA = 0,065. y SRMR = 0,035). Las cargas factoriales resultantes se encuentran entre 0,71 y 0,90 y la consistencia interna ? entre 0,81 y 0,92. Con respecto a la validez convergente, se hallaron correlaciones directas y significativas entre las dimensiones de experiencias de recuperación y la escala de bienestar general (r= 0,126 a r=0,287). CONCLUSIONES: la escala de experiencias de recuperación demuestra validez basada en la estructura interna, fiabilidad y validez convergente, y puede ser aplicada en la gestión de la salud ocupacional para trabajadores dependientes peruanos.

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The objective of this study was to design and validate the Compassion Fatigue Scale (EFat-Com) in Peruvian nurses. METHODS: A 13-item scale was designed using qualitative procedures and expert judgment. This version was administered to 201 nursing professionals using an electronic form along with two other measures: the Patient Health Questionnarie-2 and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis supported the existence of two factors with factor loadings > 0.54. Confirmatory factor analysis of the two-factor model yielded satisfactory fit indices after the elimination of two items. Regarding concurrent validity, a positive relationship was obtained between the EFat-Com and the measure of depression; however, no correlation was found with the measure of life satisfaction. The internal consistency was 0.807 for the total scale, 0.79 for Factor 1, and 0.83 for Factor 2. CONCLUSIONS: The EFat-Com showed adequate psychometric properties with respect to content-based validity evidence, internal structure, and reliability. Therefore, the instrument can be used in research and professional settings. However, it is essential to continue studying the validity evidence in other contexts.

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To translate and validate the WHO-5 General Well-being Index for the people of the Peruvian South, a cross-sectional instrumental study was carried out with the voluntary participation of 186 people of both sexes between the ages of 18 and 65 years (M = 29.67 years old; SD = 10.94) living in the south region of Peru. The validity evidence was assessed based on the content using Aiken's coefficient V according to the internal structure through a confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability was calculated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The expert judgment was favorable for all items (V > 0.70). The unidimensional structure of the scale was confirmed (χ2 = 10.86, df = 5, p = 0.05; RMR = 0.020; GFI = 0.980; CFI = 0.990; TLI = 0.980 y RMSEA = 0.080), and it presents a suitable reliability range (α = > 0.75). This shows that the WHO-5 General Well-being Index for the people of the Peruvian South is a valid and reliable scale.

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Introduction: To protect public health, it is important that the population be vaccinated against COVID-19; however, certain factors can affect vaccine acceptance. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether religious fatalism and concern about new variants have a significant effect on the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines. Methodology: An explanatory study was conducted with 403 adults of legal age captured through non-probabilistic convenience sampling in vaccination centers in the 13 health networks of the Regional Health Directorate of Puno, Peru. Data were collected through a brief scale of religious fatalism, a scale of acceptance of vaccines against COVID-19 and a scale of concern about a new variant of COVID-19. Results: The proposed model obtained an adequate fit. There was a negative effect of religious fatalism on vaccine acceptance, a positive effect of fatalism on vaccine rejection, a positive effect of concern about new variants on the acceptance of vaccines, and a positive effect of concern about new variants on vaccine rejection. Conclusion: These findings provide evidence for the usefulness of considering both religious fatalism and concern about new variants affect the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine in adults in southern Peru.

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INTRODUCTION: The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has generated concern about contagion, especially among healthcare workers who are on the front line. OBJECTIVE: To design and analyse the evidence of content validity, internal structure and reliability of a measure of concern about the spread of COVID-19 among Peruvian healthcare workers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Quantitative study and instrumental design. The scale was administered to 321 health science professionals (78 males and 243 females), whose ages ranged from 22 to 64 years (38.12 ±â€¯9.61). RESULTS: Aiken's V-coefficient values were statistically significant. An exploratory factor analysis was performed which indicated the existence of a single factor, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed a satisfactory six-factor model. The CFA solution obtained adequate fit indices (RMSEA = 0.079; P = .05; TLI = 0.967; IFC = 0.980; GFI = 0.971, and AGFI = 0.931), and showed good internal consistency based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.865; CI 95%, 0.83-0.89). CONCLUSIONS: The scale of concern for COVID-19 infection is a valid and reliable brief measure that can be used for research and professional purposes.

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Introducción: La pandemia mundial producida por el SARS-CoV-2 ha generado preocupación por el contagio, sobre todo en el personal de salud que está en primera línea. Objetivo: Diseñar y analizar las evidencias de validez de contenido, estructura interna y confiabilidad de una medida de preocupación por el contagio de COVID-19 en personal de salud peruano. Material y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo y diseño instrumental. La escala se aplicó a 321 profesionales de ciencias de la salud (78 varones y 243 mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre los 22 y los 64 (38,12 ± 9,61) an os. Resultados: Los valores del coeficiente V de Aiken fueron estadísticamente significativos. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio, que indicó la existencia de un solo factor. El análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) confirmó un modelo satisfactorio de 6 ítems en 1 solo factor. La solución del AFC obtuvo índices de ajuste adecuados (RMSEA = 0,079; p = 0,05; TLI = 0,967; CFI = 0,980; GFI = 0,971 y AGFI = 0,931); además; mostró una buena consistencia interna según el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach (a = 0,865; IC95%, 0,83-0,89). Conclusiones: La escala de preocupación por el contagio de la COVID-19 es una medida breve válida y confiable que se puede utilizar para fines de investigación y función profesional.

A B S T R A C T Introduction: The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has generated concern about contagion, especially among healthcare workers who are on the front line. Objective: To design and analyse the evidence of content validity, internal structure and reliability of a measure of concern about the spread of COVID-19 among Peruvian healthcare workers. Material and methods: Quantitative study and instrumental design. The scale was administered to 321 health science professionals (78 males and 243 females), whose ages ranged from 22 to 64 years (38.12±9.61). Results: Aiken's V-coefficient values were statistically significant. An exploratory factor analysis was performed which indicated the existence of a single factor, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed a satisfactory six-factor model. The CFA solution obtained adequate fit indices (RMSEA = 0.079; p = 0.05; TLI = 0.967; IFC = 0.980; GFI = 0.971, and AGFI = 0.931), and showed good internal consistency based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient (a = 0.865; CI 95%, 0.83-0.89). Conclusions: The scale of concern for COVID-19 infection is a valid and reliable brief measure that can be used for research and professional purposes.

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Introduction: The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has generated concern about contagion, especially among healthcare workers who are on the front line. Objective: To design and analyse the evidence of content validity, internal structure and reliability of a measure of concern about the spread of COVID-19 among Peruvian healthcare workers. Material and methods: Quantitative study and instrumental design. The scale was administered to 321 health science professionals (78 males and 243 females), whose ages ranged from 22 to 64 years (38.12 ± 9.61). Results: Aiken's V-coefficient values were statistically significant. An exploratory factor analysis was performed which indicated the existence of a single factor, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed a satisfactory six-factor model. The CFA solution obtained adequate fit indices (RMSEA = 0.079; p = 0.05; TLI = 0.967; IFC = 0.980; GFI = 0.971, and AGFI = 0.931), and showed good internal consistency based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.865; CI 95%, 0.83-0.89). Conclusions: The scale of concern for COVID-19 infection is a valid and reliable brief measure that can be used for research and professional purposes.

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Introducción: Algunas creencias religiosas conflictivas se han convertido en una amenaza para la salud pública en América Latina en tiempos de COVID-19. Objetivo: Revalidar una Escala de Fatalismo Religioso ante el COVID-19 en adultos de Latinoamérica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio instrumental. Bajo un muestreo no probabilístico intencional participaron 6206 adultos, 60,1 por ciento mujeres de entre 18 a 60 años de edad (Media = 35,11; Desviación estándar = 9,59) de 14 países de Latinoamérica. El instrumento objeto de revalidación fue la Escala Modificada de Fatalismo Religioso ante la COVID-19 para adultos peruanos, la cual está compuesta por nueve ítems y cinco opciones de respuesta en formato Likert. La validez de contenido se analizó mediante el V de Aiken, la estructura interna a través del análisis factorial confirmatorio y la confiabilidad con el Alpha de Cronbach. Resultados: Todos los ítems obtuvieron una evaluación favorable (V > 0,70). En el análisis factorial confirmatorio, la falta de ajuste se mejoró con la técnica de modificación de índices, que orientó a eliminar los ítems 2, 7 y 8; de este modo se obtuvieron índices de bondad de ajuste satisfactorios, lo cual avala un modelo unidimensional conformado por 6 ítems. Por último, la confiabilidad fue aceptable (α = 0,89; IC 95 por ciento = 0,88-0,89). Conclusiones: La Escala de Fatalismo Religioso ante la COVID-19 es una medida breve que demuestra evidencias de validez y confiabilidad; por lo tanto, puede ser aplicada en investigaciones a nivel de Latinoamérica(AU)

Introduction: Some conflictive religious beliefs have become a threat to public health in Latin America in times of COVID-19. Objective: To revalidate a religious fatalism scale before COVID-19 in adults from Latin America. Methods: An instrumental study was conducted. Under a nonprobabilistic purposive sampling, 6206 adults participated, 60.1 percent of which were women aged 18-60 years (mean: 35.11; standard deviation: 9.59) from 14 Latin-American countries. The instrument to be revalidated was the modified religious fatalism scale before COVID-19 for Peruvian adults, which is made up of nine items and five response choices in Likert format. Content validity was analyzed using Aiken's V; internal structure, through confirmatory factor analysis; and reliability, with Cronbach's Alpha. Results: All the items obtained a favorable evaluation (V > 0.70). Concerning the confirmatory factor analysis, the lack of fit was improved with the index modification technique, which led to eliminating items 2, 7 and 8; thus, satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices were obtained, which supports a unidimensional model made up of 6 items. Finally, reliability was acceptable (α= 0.89; 95 percent CI: 0.88-0.89). Conclusions: The religious fatalism scale before COVID-19 is a brief measure that shows validity and reliability evidences; therefore, it can be applied in research at the Latin-American level(AU)

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Introducción: La producción científica latinoamericana aún no es la esperada. Por ello tiene importancia analizar la actividad científica sobre investigación formativa en esta parte del mundo. Objetivo: Evaluar la producción latinoamericana sobre investigación formativa en Scopus en el período 2010-2020. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Las unidades de análisis fueron publicaciones sobre investigación formativa en revistas indizadas en la base de datos Scopus durante 2010-2020, y cuya autoría hacía mención a filiaciones de entidades latinoamericanas. Resultados: Se encontró un total de 120 artículos publicados con autoría a afiliaciones de instituciones latinoamericanas. Colombia es el país que contribuye con mayor producción científica sobre este tema, seguido por México, Perú y Brasil, que sobrepasan el 10 por ciento de la producción latinoamericana. En cuanto a la productividad por institución, 83 instituciones internacionales han participado en la producción latinoamericana sobre investigación formativa, entre los que destacan instituciones de México, Perú y Colombia con 4 y más artículos publicados. Conclusiones: La producción latinoamericana sobre investigación formativa entre 2010 y 2020 fue de 120 artículos en revistas indizadas en Scopus, con un porcentaje mayoritario de artículos de investigación, procedentes de Colombia, México y Perú. La institución con más producción resultó el Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública de México, y como las revistas con mayor cantidad de artículos aparecieron Q1 y Q2, con presencia de autores peruanos, brasileros y mexicanos(AU)

Introduction: Latin American scientific production is not yet as expected. Therefore, it is important to analyze the scientific activity on formative research in this part of the world. Objective: To evaluate the Latin American production on formative research in Scopus in the period 2010-2020. Methods: Retrospective descriptive study. The units of analysis were publications on formative research in journals indexed in the Scopus database during 2010-2020, and whose authorship mentioned affiliations with Latin American institutions. Results: A total of 120 published articles were found with authorship to affiliations of Latin American institutions. Colombia is the country that contributes with the highest scientific production on this subject, followed by Mexico, Peru and Brazil, which exceed 10 percent of the Latin American production. In terms of productivity by institution, 83 international institutions have participated in the Latin American production on formative research, among which institutions from Mexico, Peru and Colombia stand out with 4 or more published articles. Conclusions: The Latin American production on formative research between 2010 and 2020 was 120 articles in journals indexed in Scopus, with a majority percentage of research articles, coming from Colombia, Mexico and Peru. The institution with the highest production was the National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, and the journals with the highest number of articles were Q1 and Q2, with the presence of Peruvian, Brazilian and Mexican authors(AU)

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Introducción: Al estudiar el rendimiento académico es importante abordar los factores influyentes en él, así como las causas a las que los estudiantes atribuyen sus éxitos o fracasos. De ahí la necesidad de contar con instrumentos válidos y confiables para tal fin. Objetivo: Validar una escala atribucional sobre la motivación de logro general en relación con el rendimiento académico en estudiantes cubanos de Estomatología. Métodos: Estudio de tipo instrumental, transversal y multicéntrico, que incluyó estudiantes de nueve universidades cubanas. A partir de un instrumento en español, validado en estudiantes venezolanos, se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. Además, se calculó la consistencia interna con el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: Se incluyeron a 1324 participantes, de los cuales el 66,8 por ciento fueron mujeres y la media de la edad fue 21,2 ± 1,8 años. Los estadísticos KMO (0,918) y Bartlett (10112,063; gl = 153; p < 0,001) presentaron resultados aceptables y significativos. La varianza total explicada por los 18 ítems distribuidos en cuatro factores es adecuada (60,6 por ciento). Los análisis robustos muestran cómo la estructura factorial es satisfactoria. Se encontraron relaciones significativas entre todas las dimensiones de la escala, las que sugieren la presencia de patrones atribucionales adaptativos y desadaptativos. Conclusión: La escala es válida y confiable para identificar las atribuciones causales sobre el rendimiento académico general en estudiantes cubanos de Estomatología(AU)

Introduction: When studying academic performance it is important to address the influencing factors in it, as well as the causes to which students attribute their successes or failures. Hence the need to have valid and reliable instruments for this purpose. Objective: Validate an attributional scale on the motivation of general achievement in relation to academic performance in Cuban students of Stomatology. Methods: An instrumental, cross-sectional and multicenter study included students from nine Cuban universities. From an instrument in Spanish, validated in Venezuelan students, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. In addition, the internal consistency was calculated with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: 1324 participants were included, of which 66.8 percent were women and the mean age was 21.2 ± 1.8 years. The statisticians KMO (0.918) and Bartlett (10112.063; gl = 153; p < 0.001) presented acceptable and significant results. The total variance explained by the 18 items distributed in four factors is adequate (60.6 percent). Robust analyses show how the factor structure is satisfactory. Significant relationships were found between all dimensions of the scale, which suggest the presence of adaptive and maladaptive attributional patterns. Conclusion: The scale is valid and reliable to identify causal attributions about overall academic performance in Cuban stomatology students(AU)

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