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Background: Total parenteral nutrition has a high cost and frequency of complications. Enteral feeding is a feasible alternative that can be started early in the postoperative period. Aim: To assess digestive tolerance to early enteral feeding in cancer patients undergoing total gastrectomy and to compare early enteral feeding (EEF) with total parenteral nutrition plus enteral feeding (TPN+EF), initiated after overcoming postoperative ileus. Patients and methods: Subjects with a resectable gastric cancer were considered eligible for the study. During surgery a nasoenteral tube was placed and patients were prospectively randomized to EEF or TPN+EF. Digestive tolerance, effectiveness, complications and costs between both modalities of nutritional support were compared. Results: Twenty eight patients (15 male, aged 63ñ14 years old) were studied. Fourteen patients were randomized to EEF and 14 to TPN+EF. Diarrhea occurred in 14 and 29 percent of EEF and TPN+EF patients respectively, (p: NS). Patients with TPN+EF received an average of 28 Cal/kg/day and 1.1 g/kg/day proteins. Patients with EEF received an average of 29 Cal/kg/day and 0.8 g/kg/day proteins. At the eighth postoperative day, serum albumin was 3.9ñ0.7 and 3.2ñ0.5 g/dl in EEF and TPN+EF patients respectively (p <0.05), serum prealbumin was 16.9ñ5 and 12.3ñ4.3 mg/dl in EEF and TPN+EF patients respectively (p <0.05) and nitrogen balance was +2.4ñ1.5 and -1.6ñ0.6 g/24 h in EEF and TPN+EF patients respectively (p <0.05). Postoperative hyperglycemia was observed with a lower frequency and nutritional support costs and length of hospital stay were significantly lower in the EEF group. Conclusions: After total gastrectomy EEF is well tolerated, safe and effective, even during the early postoperative ileus. This therapeutic modality could be the first choice for nutritional support in these patients

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El cáncer de vesícula biliar se mantiene como la primera causa de muerte por cáncer en mujeres en Chile y con tasas de mortalidad en sostenido aumento. La cirugía ha sido formulada como la terapia fundamental para este cáncer. Se presenta la experiencia prospectiva en el manejo quirúrgico de la enfermedad en pacientes con tumores T1b a T4 de la clasificación TNM, en el período enero de 1995 a diciembre de 2000. En este lapso egresaron 176 pacientes portadores de cáncer de vesícula, 134 (76,1 por ciento) de sexo femenino y edad promedio de 60,4 años (rango 28 a 92). Estos 176 pacientes corresponden al 2,3 por ciento del total de intervenciones quirúrgicas sobre la vesícula biliar en este mismo período. En 39 pacientes (22,8 por ciento) se demostró diseminación hepática o peritoneal en el intraoperatorio, 7 (3,9 por ciento) no fueron operados y hubo 9 pacientes (5,1 por ciento) con cáncer limitado a la mucosa. Se consideró 104 pacientes candidatos a cirugía ampliada, de los cuales 42 fueron explorados con intención resectiva. Los 61 pacientes restantes rechazaron segunda intervención por diferentes motivos. Hay seguimiento global de 92,6 por ciento de los 176 pacientes. Se practicó algún tipo de hepatectomía y linfadenectomía en 6 pacientes con tumor T1b, 7 pacientes T2, 13 pacientes T3 y 14 pacientes T4. Se resecó la vía biliar como procedimiento agregado en 10 pacientes. Hubo 9,3 por ciento de morbilidad y ausencia de mortalidad. La sobrevida para los pacientes con tumores T1b es 100 por ciento, con tumores T2 es 33 por ciento, 13 por ciento en los pacientes con tumores T3 y no hay sobrevida a 5 años para pacientes con tumores T4, sin embargo, se obtuvo sobrevida de 45 por ciento a 30 meses para los pacientes con tumores T4 resecados. No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa para ningún grupo de pacientes sometidos a cirugía radical en comparación con los sometidos sólo a colecistectomía

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Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) has been recognized as a cause of chronic liver disease. Its main risk factor is obesity. Aim: To describe the clinical and liver pathological findings in a group of patients who underwent surgery as obesity treatment. Patients and Methods: Sixty eight patients with severe or morbid obesity were subjected to surgery as obesity treatment. Each patient was evaluated with a complete clinical and laboratory medical assessment. A wedge of liver was excised during surgery. Liver biopsies were analyzed without knowledge of clinical and laboratory findings. The presence of steatosis, inflammation (portal or lobular), fibrosis and cirrhosis were recorded in the pathological analysis. Age and body mass index (BMI) were correlated with pathological data. Significance was set at a p value of less than 0.05. Results: Ninety one percent of patients had steatosis, 45 percent inflammation and 47 percent fibrosis. One patient had cirrhosis (1,4 percent). There was a statistically significant association between BMI and moderate or severe steatosis (p <0.03). There was also an association between BMI and portal (p=0.017) and lobular inflammation (p=0.034). A BMI over 40 kg/m2 (morbid obesity) was significantly associated with the presence of fibrosis (p=0.032). Moreover, the presence of moderate or severe steatosis was a risk factor for the development of hepatic fibrosis (p=0.026). Conclusions: Obesity is a major and independent risk factor for steatohepatitis and fibrosis. The degree of steatosis in the liver biopsy, is a risk factor for the development of fibrosis

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El vólvulo de intestino delgado primario es una condición en la cual existe una torsión de la totalidad o de un segmento del intestino delgado y su mesenterio, sin encontrarse malrotación intestinal, bridas adquiridas o congénitas o cualquier otra condición que facilite que se produzca el vólvulo. En el adulto generalmente ocurre en un segmento del intestino medio. Se presentan 4 casos de vólvulo primario del intestino delgado en el adulto, operado en el Servicio de Urgencia de la Clínica Alemana. Por su escasa frecuencia en nuestro medio, este cuadro presenta una importante dificultad diagnóstica. En todos los casos destaca en su presentación clínica, el comienzo agudo de dolor abdominal de gran intensidad, que no guarda relación con los hallazgos del examen clínico y con escasa repercusión en los estudios complementarios. Los cuatros pacientes fueron sometidos a intervención quirúrgica

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En un trabajo prospectivo 51 pacientes portadores de cáncer abdominal, con estudio completo de diseminación que incluía TAC, fueron sometidos, al momento de la cirugía, a una laparoscopia diagnóstica como última etapa de estudio prerresectivo. Veintiséis pacientes eran portadores de cáncer gástrico, la mitad fue resecable; 9 casos tenían cáncer de cabeza de páncreas, tres fueron resecables; 16 pacientes eran portadores de cáncer vesicular, hepático o de origen indeterminado, 5 de ellos fueron resecables. Se concluye que la laparsocopia contemporánea puede ser un valioso método para completar la etapificación en algunos cánceres digestivos en los que el estudio sugiere la eventual no resecabilidad

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Background: Sixty percent of adults has typical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux in Chile. Aim: To report the clinical and laboratory features of patients with gastroesophageal reflux. Patients and methods: Five hundred thirty four patients (255 male) with gastroesophageal reflux were included in a prospective protocol that included clinical analysis, manometry and endoscopy in all patients, barium swallow in 427, scintigraphy in 195, acid reflux test in 359, 24 h pH in 175, and differential potential of gastroesophageal mucosa in 73 patients. Results: There was no correlation between the severity of symptoms and the endoscopical severity. Patients with Barret esophagus were 12 years older, were male in a greater proportion and had a higher proportion of manometrically incompetent sphincters than patients with esophageal reflux but without esophagitis or with erosive esophagitis. Severity of acid reflux, measured with 24 h pH monitoring was proportional to the endoscopical damage of the mucosa. There was a close relationship between the mucosal change limit determined with differential potentials and with endoscopy. No short esophagi were found. Conclusions: Patients with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux must be assessed using several objective measures to determine the severity of their pathological alterations

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Laparoscopic antireflux surgery is a minimally invasive procedure that should have similar results than classical surgical treatment. To report the results of a prospective study of laparoscopic antirelux surgery, 32 patients with gastroesophageal reflux and without Barret's esophagus, were subjected to endoscopy, amnometry and measurement of intraesophageal pH before and after laparoscopic surgery. Tehre were no postoperative deaths or complications. Gastroesophageal sphincter pressure and abdominal sphincter lenght increased from 9.1ñ3.9 to 13.0ñ3.5 mm Hg and from 8.1ñ6.2 to 13.5ñ5.4 cm after surgery (p<0.01). There was a decrease in acid reflux in 82 percent of patients. In conclusion, laparoscopic antireflux surgery reproduces exactly the results of open surgical procedures

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Se realizó un estudio prospectivo en 53 pacientes con cáncer gástrico sometidos a gastrectomía total comparando la técnica manual frente a la mecánica, en la anastomosis esofagoyeyunal. En 35 pacientes se realizó la técnica manual y en 18 la técnica con stapler. No hubo mortalidad operatoria en la serie. El tiempo operatorio, la incidencia de fístula y otras complicaciones postoperatorias fueron similares en ambos grupos. La frecuencia de infección de la herida operatoria, la presencia de absceso subfrénico y la estadía postoperatoria fueron significativamente menores en pacientes sometidos a la técnica mecánica. Este procedimiento es fácil de realizar, es reproducible de un cirujano a otro, no requiere de gran experiencia previa como la técnica manual y es una buena alternativa cuando es necesario hacer una anastomosis esofagoyeyunal alta

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