RESUMEN
Myofascial pain (MFP) is characterized by localized pain in the maxillofacial region attributed to the presence of hypersensitive spots known as trigger points (TrPs). This condition is particularly prevalent in the maxillofacial area, warranting a comprehensive examination of evidence-based management techniques. This review aims to equip healthcare professionals with a more profound insight into evidence-based MFP management techniques, facilitating improved patient care and treatment outcomes. In this review, we conducted a thorough literature search using Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and MEDLINE, with the keywords "Myofascial pain syndrome," "Pain," and "Orofacial pain." Articles were selected based on their relevance to the study's objective. Pharmacological interventions, such as analgesics and muscle relaxants, are frequently prescribed. Additionally, a range of non-pharmacological modalities, including transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), ultrasound therapy, topical applications, dry needling, TrP injections, oral myofunctional therapy, and stretching exercises, have demonstrated efficacy in MFP management. The authors hope to give clinicians a more thorough understanding of the therapies for MFP by conducting a rigorous evidence-based evaluation of pharmacologic and non-pharmacological treatments. Our findings support the use of a combined approach that integrates both pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for the holistic management of TrPs.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Wound healing is a multifactorial procedure involving different cell types and biological mediators. The principles of wound healing are also applicable to periodontal tissues. The formation and stability of blood clots play a vital role in successful healing of wounds in periodontal tissues. The aim of the present review was to highlight the vital factors of periodontal flaps associated with blood clot stability. HIGHLIGHT: The data on periodontal regeneration and wound healing have evolved greatly in light of several factors, including space for blood clots and blood clot stabilization. In periodontal osseous defects, the stability of blood clots seems critical to wound healing. If mechanical forces can be managed by wound stabilization, the gingival flap-tooth root interface may show connective tissue repair. However, compromised adhesion is susceptible to mechanical forces and can cause wound breakage and epithelialization. CONCLUSION: The presence of a thick blood clot may hinder the plasmatic circulation between the recipient bed and graft during the initial stage of healing, which is critical in cases of mucogingival surgery. Root conditioning can also determine the healing consequence by enhancing blood clot adhesion.