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In today's corporate world, a company's long-term viability and prosperity depend on its corporate governance practices. The present study investigates the interplay between financial misrepresentation, earnings management, and corporate governance within the context of Pakistan. To estimate the financial data of enterprises obtained from non-financial organizations listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange a panel regression analysis was conducted. The analysis covered the time from 2009 to 2020 and employed quantitative data. The findings of the study show that the different aspects of corporate governance mechanisms have varying levels of influence. Specifically, remuneration paid to directors had a significant impact on financial misstatement, while the size of the board strongly impacts the earning management. The financial misstatement was also found affected by the earning management. The M score (statistical model used to predict the probability of financial misstatement) positively influenced when board diligence was incorporated in the mediation of earning management. It is important to note that this study only considers the internal governance mechanisms of firms, suggesting that future research could benefit from the inclusion of external governance mechanisms for a more holistic model. This study is aligned with the ESG's governance aspects and SDG-17, providing valuable insights for specialists, financial backers, policymakers, and experts. The results of this study catalyze further research in this area and can aid in achieving SDG 17 by raising awareness of the significance of good governance practices, ethical reporting that leads to sustainable firm performance, and ensuring long-term economic growth and development.

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Marine pollution has a deleterious impact, both on the conditions of the ecosystem and the biodiversity of the ocean. Researchers in the field of marine chemistry have been putting effort into the creation of efficient catalysts for the purification of seawater. There has been extensive research done on membrane technology for the activation of peroxymonosulfate, which is an extremely effective therapy for saltwater. The sediment of QX03, which was obtained from the western coast of Bohai, is located very close to the modern coastline. The uppermost 15 m of this sector were thoroughly analyzed in sedimentary petrology, grain size, shell, and sediment chroma dating to reconstruct the sedimentary environment and relative sea-level during the time period of 44.80 ka cal BP. This indicates that a sea-retreating and retreating process has taken place; VI (5.2-0 m), Terrestrial deposition, is separated into swamp wetlands (VI-1) and flood plain (VI-2). The changes in sedimentary levels had a fairly strong correlation with the changes in sea level. Within the scope of this study, we conducted an in-depth investigation of the innovative membrane technology for the treatment of seawater by means of aqueous phase advanced oxidation close to the Bohai. The results of this study present a prospective technique that could make it possible to use membrane technology in the process of environmental restoration in marine settings.

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Located in one of the famous natural and cultural tourist destinations of northern Malaysia, Penang Hill serves as an ideal destination for both local and international tourists. The objective of this study was to understand and explore key stakeholders perspectives to enhance management for the aim of conservation, economic development, and recreation in Penang Hill. Data was collected from three key stakeholders of Penang Hill using semi-structured in-depth interviews. Stakeholders showed robust interests in environmental protection, cultural conservation, economic activities, awareness, and empowerment. This paper concludes by stating that Penang Hill is under strong management, and stakeholders are continuously engaged in the destination. The management authority collaborates with the key stakeholders of Penang Hill and incorporates their interests and viewpoint to ensure the ecotourism process goes smoothly and Penang Hill becomes one of the top ecotourism destinations.

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The utilization of economic capabilities to raise production in the economy enhances the industrial activities and use of transportation. These activities deteriorate the quality of the environment and raise the level of particulate matter (PM2.5). The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of economic capabilities and population agglomeration on PM2.5 emissions for the sample of 23 sub-Saharan African countries-a highly polluted region of the world. The study used panel regression from 2007 to 2015 and found that production capabilities are highly significant and directly effecting PM2.5 emissions. The Kuznets hypothesis does not hold in this region, and the concentration of population in urban areas is also significant. To avoid the problem of possible endogeneity in the empirical model and for robustness check, the study also utilized system GMM and found consistent results. The findings of the study are highly valuable to reduce PM2.5 and propose that the policymakers in Sub-Saharan African countries should opt for industrial specialization rather than economic complexity and ensure that the proper measures are taken to control PM2.5. Moreover, population concentrations should not be taken place in a few main urban cities.

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PURPOSE: Health care costs attributable to breast cancer are substantial. In countries with high poverty, lack of public health infrastructure and low availability of health insurance, the economic burden of disease does not accrue solely to health care, but also on patients and their families. This study was conducted to explore the cost burden (i.e. direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs and indirect non-medical costs) incurred by breast cancer patients and their families over diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: Data was collected from 200 breast cancer patients at two hospitals in Lahore, provincial capital of Punjab, Pakistan, by employing purposive sampling technique. Costs were aggregated into three categories and compared with each other as per their weightage. RESULTS: The study found that direct medical care (US$ 1262.18/ Local currency (PKR) 129,717) is the largest expense, followed by direct non-medical (US$ 310.88 / PKR 31,950) and indirect non-medical costs (US$ 273.38 / PKR 28,096). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study provide rich insight into the financial burden borne by households of breast cancer patients and suggest policy implications.

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