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OBJECTIVES: There is evidence that detection and treatment of oligometastases (≤5 lesions) may improve survival in breast cancer patients. However, there are no current national guidelines for screening of early, asymptomatic metastases. This study examined the patterns and timing of recurrence with respect to survival in node-positive breast cancer (NPBC) patients at higher risk for developing metastases. METHODS: A single-institution retrospective review of NPBC patients treated with trimodality therapy was performed to collect patient and disease characteristics, recurrence location, method of detection, and survival outcome. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done to identify factors associated with recurrence. RESULTS: Ninety-four NPBC patients treated at a safety-net hospital between 2008 and 2019 were identified. Twenty-one developed recurrence and were divided into oligometastatic (OM) (n=10) or diffusely metastatic (DM) (n=11) subgroups. Median recurrence-free survival in OM and DM was 18 and 36 months, respectively. Median overall survival (OS) for OM was not reached. Median OS for DM was 57 months. Four patients with OM progressed to diffuse disease in a median period of 17 months; median survival thereafter was 57 months. All patients with recurrence had distant metastases on initial detection, with the most common site being bone (14). Recurrence was most frequently detected by computed tomography (CT) (13), with the majority of disease located within the thorax region. CONCLUSIONS: All NPBC patients had distant metastasis at time of recurrence. Patients with OM had shorter interval to recurrence yet longer OS compared with DM. This study highlights improved surveillance imaging for timely detection of OM breast cancer that may yet be amenable to aggressive local salvage therapy to prevent progression to diffuse disease.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/terapia , Adulto , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de la Mama/mortalidad , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Terapia Combinada , Femenino , Humanos , Metástasis Linfática/diagnóstico por imagen , Mastectomía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Terapia RecuperativaRESUMEN
Left atrial appendage (LAA) mechanical exclusion is being investigated for nonpharmacologic stroke risk reduction in selected patients with atrial fibrillation. There are multiple potential approaches in various stages of development and clinical application, each of which depends on specific cardiothoracic anatomic characteristics for optimal performance. Multiple imaging modalities can be utilized for application of this technology, with transesophageal echocardiography used for intraprocedural guidance. Cardiovascular computed tomographic angiography can act as a virtual patient avatar, allowing for the assessment of cardiac structures in the context of surrounding cardiac, coronary vascular, thoracic vascular, and visceral and skeletal anatomy, aiding preprocedural decision-making, planning, and follow-up. Although transesophageal echocardiography is used for intraprocedural guidance, computed tomographic angiography may be a useful adjunct for preprocedure assessment of LAA sizing and anatomic obstacles or contraindications to deployment, aiding in the assessment of optimal approaches. Potential approaches to LAA exclusion include endovascular occlusion, epicardial ligation, primary minimally invasive intercostal thoracotomy with thoracoscopic LAA ligation or appendectomy, and minimally invasive or open closure as part of cardiothoracic surgery for other indications. The goals of these procedures are complete isolation or exclusion of the entire appendage without leaving a residual appendage stump or residual flow with avoidance of acute or chronic damage to surrounding cardiovascular structures. The cardiovascular imager plays an important role in the preprocedural and postprocedural assessment of the patient undergoing LAA exclusion.
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Apéndice Atrial/diagnóstico por imagen , Apéndice Atrial/cirugía , Fibrilación Atrial/cirugía , Protocolos Clínicos , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada/métodos , Dispositivo Oclusor Septal , HumanosRESUMEN
Influenza viruses were responsible for most adult viral pneumonia. Presently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has evolved into serious global pandemic. COVID-19 outbreak is expected to persist in months to come that will be synchronous with the influenza season. The management, prognosis, and protection for these two viral pneumonias differ considerably and differentiating between them has a high impact on the patient outcome. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction is highly specific but has suboptimal sensitivity. Chest computed tomography (CT) has a high sensitivity for detection of pulmonary disease manifestations and can play a key-role in diagnosing COVID-19. We reviewed 47 studies and delineated CT findings of COVID-19 and influenza pneumonia. The differences observed in the chest CT scan can be helpful in differentiation. For instance, ground glass opacities (GGOs), as the most frequent imaging finding in both diseases, can differ in the pattern of distribution. Peripheral and posterior distribution, multilobular distribution, pure or clear margin GGOs were more commonly reported in COVID-19, whereas central or peri-bronchovascular GGOs and pure consolidations were more seen in influenza A (H1N1). In review of other imaging findings, further differences were noticed. Subpleural curvilinear lines, sugar melted sign, intra-lesional vascular enlargement, reverse halo sign, and fibrotic bands were more reported in COVID-19 than H1N1, while air space nodule, tree-in-bud, bronchiectasia, pleural effusion, and cavitation were more seen in H1N1. This delineation, when combined with clinical manifestations and laboratory results may help to differentiate these two viral infections.
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OBJECTIVE: To report a case of endometriosis in para-aortic lymph nodes during pregnancy. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Tertiary care center. PATIENT(S): A 25-year-old multipara pregnant woman with a history of chronic pelvic pain and ovarian cystectomies for bilateral endometriomas. INTERVENTION(S): The patient was admitted with a placenta previa and a subchorionic hemorrhage at 24 weeks 5 days' gestation, and subsequently developed uterine contractions. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large complex adnexal mass adherent to the uterus and pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenopathy. Tocolysis could not be achieved and the patient underwent cesarean delivery at 26 weeks 3 days. An implant on the uterus and an enlarged para-aortic lymph node were removed surgically at that time. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Involvement of lymph node by endometriosis and presence of a recurrent endometrioma. RESULT(S): Endometriosis was confirmed pathologically in para-aortic lymph nodes. Uterine serosal biopsy demonstrated endometriosis, and the large adnexal cyst was grossly consistent with endometrioma. The patient delivered a viable male infant at 26 weeks 3 days. CONCLUSION(S): To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of endometriosis in para-aortic lymph nodes. Its presence supports the hypothesis that endometriosis travels lymphatically, and not simply via locoregional spread. Lymphatic spread also further supports the theory that endometriosis is an aggressive chronic systemic disease.