RESUMEN

There are several methods of laboratory diagnosis of filarids, the most used are the thick smear and the Knott method. Both are quick to perform, have a low cost and allow observing the presence, quantifying and analyzing the morphological characteristics of microfilariae. Knowing the morphological viability of fixed microfilariae is of practical importance, as it allows the transport of samples to a laboratory, facilitates epidemiological studies , and allows the storage of samples for didactic. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological viability of microfilariae fixed in the refrigerated modified knott test using 2% formalin. To perform the modified Knott technique, 10 samples of microfilaremic dogs aged over 6 months were used. To evaluate the morphological viability time of the microfilariae in the modified Knott concentrate, the evaluations were repeated after intervals of 0, 1, 7, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 304 days. In the present study, we did not verify any difference in the morphology of the microfilariae in any of the analyzed intervals from day 0 to 304 days, and it is possible to conclude that the use of 2% formalin in the modified Knott technique allows the microfilariae to be identified in a period of 304 days. days after processing the sample without changes in its morphology.

Existem diversos métodos de diagnóstico laboratorial de filarídeos, os mais utilizados são a gota espessa e o método do Knott. Ambos são de rápida execução, possui baixo custo e permitem observar a presença, quantificar e analisar as características morfológicas das microfilárias. Conhecer a viabilidade morfológica das microfilárias fixadas tem importância prática, pois permite o transporte de amostras para um laboratório, facilita estudos epidemiológicos, e permite o armazenamento de amostras para fins didáticos. Desta maneira, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade morfológica das microfilárias fixadas em teste do knott modificado refrigerado utilizando formalina a 2%. Para realização da técnica de knott modificado foram utilizadas 10 amostras de cães microfilarêmicos, com idade superior a 6 meses. Para avaliar o tempo de viabilidade morfológica das microfilárias no concentrado de Knott modificado, foram repedidas as avaliações após intervalos de 0,1,7, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240 e 304 dias. No presente estudo não verificamos diferença na morfologia das microfilárias em nenhum dos intervalos analisados deste do dia 0 até 304 dias, sendo possível concluir que a utilização da formalina a 2% na técnica de Knott modificada permite que as microfilárias possam ser identificadas em período de 304 dias após o processamento da amostra sem que ocorram alterações na sua morfologia.

RESUMEN

Aelurostrongylosis, caused by the metastrongylid nematode Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, is an underestimated feline respiratory disease. Cats infected by A. abstrusus may show subclinical to severe clinical signs. Aelurostrongylus abstrusus has a worldwide distribution. Nevertheless, studies on this parasite in Brazil are scarce, and most have been conducted in the southern regions. This study investigated the occurrence of A. abstrusus in cats in Vilhena, Rondônia, Brazil, from April 2020 to February 2021. Three consecutive individual fecal samples from 101 cats were examined using Baermann and Hoffman tests. Two cats (1.98%) scored positive for A. abstrusus, one with the Baermann examination, and one with the Hoffman technique. No other lungworms were retrieved. The clinicopathological and epizootiological implications are described and discussed.

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Canine cutaneous leishmaniasis (CCL) is a zoonosis of public health interest, and in the Americas, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis has been identified as the main etiological agent. The present study sought to investigate Leishmania spp. infection in domestic dogs from a rural area of the Xapuri municipality, Acre state, Brazilian Amazonia. For this purpose, visits were carried out to domiciles where the human cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) occurred, followed by the clinical evaluation of the animals in search of clinical signs suggestive of CCL. Blood samples were collected from 40 dogs, 13 of which had lesions suggestive of CCL, and biopsies of these lesions were performed. The methods used were Neal, Novy, and Nicolle's (NNN) medium cultures and direct parasitological examination. Further, to detect and characterize Leishmania DNA some molecular techniques were performed such as conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing targeting SSU rDNA and ITS1, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and high resolution melting (HRM) analysis targeting hsp70. The investigation revealed that the results obtained from the parasitological methods were negative. In PCR by ITS1 and network topology sequences, six strains from dogs, isolated from the Peruvian Andes, appeared identical to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis type 2 (99-100%). By other molecular methods these samples turned out to be positive to Leishmania (Viannia) sp.. The diagnosis of Leishmania in domestic dogs from Acre state showed a high proportion of infected animals, and the occurrence of L. braziliensis type 2 in Brazil for the first time. This new report suggests that L. braziliensis type 2 is both trans- and cis-Andean. However, more studies are needed regarding the clinical and diagnostic aspects of this species of Leishmania.

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Avaliou-se o efeito da adição das vitaminas C e E na ração sobre o desempenho zootécnico, rendimento de carcaça, de cortes nobres, de parâmetros hematológicos e de órgão linfoide (baço) de frangos de corte criados em ambiente de estresse calórico, CMR (cama reutilizada) e temperaturas elevadas. Foram utilizados 300 frangos de corte em lote misto, de linhagem Cobb, no período de um a 64 dias de vida. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos da seguinte forma: T1 CN (cama nova) com vazio sanitário, T2 CMR sem vazio sanitário, T3 CMR sem vazio sanitário + 200mg/kg de vitamina C e E, T4 CMR sem vazio sanitário + 350mg/kg de vitamina C e E, T5 CMR sem vazio sanitário + 500mg/kg de vitamina C e E na proporção 150g/kg de ácido ascórbico e 75g/kg de D-alfa-Tocoferol. A CMR contribuiu para o aparecimento de algum processo infeccioso nas aves, constatado por alteração no parâmetro hematológico, evidenciado pela visualização de heterófilos do tipo bastonete/imaturo no T2, porém sem caracterização clínica. A adição da vitamina C e E melhorou o ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e a eficiência alimentar, por outro lado não influenciou os parâmetros hematológicos nem o peso relativo de baço. Concluiu-se que a suplementação de vitamina C e E amenizou o desafio imposto aos frangos, contribuindo dessa maneira para um melhor desempenho zootécnico.(AU)

Dietary yield, yield of nutritional functions, calorific power, and the zootechnical power (spleen) of broiler chickens in a caloric stress environment, REL (reutilized litter), and high temperatures. A total of 300 broilers were used, ranging from 1 to 64 days of age. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and six replicates. The treatments were: T1 NL (new litter) with sanitary empty space; T2 REL without sanitary empty space; T3 REL without sanitary empty space + 200mg/kg vitamin C and E; T4 REL without sanitary empty space + 350mg/kg vitamin C and E; T5 REL without sanitary empty space + 500mg/kg vitamin C and E in the proportion of 150g/kg ascorbic acid and 75g/kg D-Alpha-Tocopherol. The REL contributed to the onset of some infectious process in the birds, which was verified by alteration in the hematological parameter, evidenced by the visualization of the rod/immature type heterophils in the T2, but with no clinical characterization. The addition of vitamin C and E improved weight gain, feed conversion and feed efficiency. However, it did not influence the hematological parameters nor the relative weight of the spleen. It was concluded that vitamin C and E supplementation ameliorated the challenge imposed on chickens, thus contributing to a better zootechnical performance.(AU)

Se evaluó el efecto de la adición de las vitaminas C y E en la ración sobre el desempeño zootécnico, rendimiento de carcasa, de cortes nobles, de parámetros hematológicos y de órgano linfoide (bazo) de pollos de corte creados en ambiente de estrés calórico, CMR (cama reutilizada) y temperaturas elevadas. Se utilizaron 300 pollos de corte en lote mixto, de linaje Cobb, en el período de 1 a 64 días de vida. El delineamiento experimental utilizado fue el completamente casualizado con cinco tratamientos y seis repeticiones. Los tratamientos fueron distribuidos de la siguiente forma: T1 CN (cama nueva) con vacío sanitario, T2 CMR sin vacío sanitario, T3 CMR sin vacío sanitario + 200mg / kg de vitamina C y E, T4 CMR sin vacío sanitario + 350mg / kg de vitamina C y E, T5 CMR sin vacío sanitario + 500mg / kg de vitamina C y E en la proporción 150 g / Kg de ácido ascórbico y 75g / Kg de D-Alfa-Tocoferol. La CMR contribuyó para aparición de algún proceso infeccioso en las aves, constatado por alteración en el parámetro hematológico, evidenciado por la visualización de heterófilos del tipo bastón / inmaduro en el T2, todavía sin caracterización clínica. La adición de la vitamina C y E mejoró la ganancia de peso, la conversión alimenticia y la eficiencia alimentaria, por otro lado no influenció los parámetros hematológicos ni el peso relativo del bazo. Se concluyó que la suplementación de vitamina C y E amenizó el desafío impuesto a los pollos, contribuyendo así a un mejor desempeño zootécnico.(AU)

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