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AIM: To improve the results of surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study investigated the effectiveness of a comprehensive preoperative preparation of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The clinical efficacy of traditional methods of preoperative preparation (compression bandaging of the lower extremities during surgery and in the postoperative period and Fraxiparine at a prophylactic dose) was compared with the same preoperative protocol used in combination with intravenous laser blood irradiation. The explored parameters included changes in clinical and laboratory coagulation indices and prostatic blood flow measured by Doppler sonography. The real time visualization was used to assess the effect of intravenous laser irradiation of blood on the morphofunctional state of platelets. CONCLUSION: The study findings showed a high effectiveness of intravenous laser blood irradiation in preoperative preparation of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. It was found to reduce the incidence of thrombotic events by 6% and hemorrhagic complications by 4.9% (p<0.05).

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The number of viral infection cases in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics has tended to increase over last few years. Viruses form herpesvirus and cytomegalovirus families are associated with an increased risk for recurrent pregnancy loss. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising new approach to treat viral infections in which viral particles are inactivated. It exhibits great therapeutic potential, particularly among this group of patients. This study examined the use of PDT to treat herpesvirus infection (HVI) using an in vitro model. In this study, we used the Vero сell lineage as a suitable model of HVI, strains of HSV-1 (strain VR-3) and HSV-2 (strain MS) obtained from The National Virus Collection (London, UK), the photosensitizer Fotoditazine (Veta-Grand, Russia), an AFS physiotherapeutic device (Polironic Corporation, Russia). Laser light irradiation and the photosensitizer had different cytotoxic effects on the Vero cell cultures depending on the doses used. The optimal laser light and photosensitizer doses were determined. PDT had an antiviral effect on an in vitro model of HVI in cell culture. PDT has been shown to be effective treatment for HVI in vitro, leading to a reliable decrease of viral titer.

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AIM: Evaluation of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in vitro antiviral effect directly on the herpes simplex virus (HSV) as well as on virus infected cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HSV infected Vero cell culture; HSV-1 (VR-3 strain) and HSV-2 (MS strain) were used. Fotoditazin preparation (chlorin E6 derivative) was used as a photosensitizer. AFS physiotherapy apparatus was used for laser irradiation. Experiment variants: study of direct and mediated photodynamic effect on virus-containing fluid (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and on non-infected cell culture; evaluation of anti-herpetic effect of PDT and study of the effect on the newly produced HSV-1 progeny were carried out within the developed experiment scheme. RESULTS: A scheme of experiment conduction for study of mediated photodynamic effect of HSV was developed. A significant reduction of virus titers for more than 2 orders of magnitude (100-1000 times) was detected. Optimal concentration of photosensitizer and laser irradiation dose that results in reduction of HSV-1 titers by 1000 and more times (1.5 - 2.5 orders of magnitude) and reduction of HSV-2 titers by 10 and more times (1.5 order of magnitude) were determined. CONCLUSION: The data obtained will help selection of adequate scheme of PDT conduction for patients with recurrent herpes virus infection including patients with recurrent miscarriage.

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A complex simultaneous assessment of the microbiota (the aerobic and anaerobic links as well as the parietal and lumen components) of the gutter, vagina, and intestines of women with a pathological pregnancy was performed. In 30% of women the study revealed system dysbiotic changes. Local immune reactivity was decreased, which may be considered a provoking factor. In conclusion, complex microbiological examination makes it possible to objectivize the picture of the pathological process and its outcome. A criterion for the administration of correcting measures is offered.

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One of the problems of plasma proteomics is a presence of large major components. In this work, we use the thermostable fraction as a way to deplete these major proteins. The thermostable fraction of serum samples from patients with ovarian, uterus, and breast cancers and benign ovarian tumor was analyzed using two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with MALDI-TOF(-TOF)-mass spectrometry. Of them, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein and clusterin are expressly down-regulated in breast cancer, whereas transthyretin is decreased specifically in ovarian cancer. Apolipoprotein A-I forms have decreased spot volumes, while haptoglobin alpha1, in contrast, is elevated in several tumors. These data are partly consistent with previous art studies on cancer proteomics, which involve mass-spectrometry-based serum profiling techniques. Serum thermostable fraction may be recommended as a good tool for medium and small protein proteome investigation, in particular, by 2D-electrophoresis.

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Ovarian cancer is most common gynecological malignancy which is difficult for early diagnostics. Development of new methods for diagnostics of ovarian cancer, especially, on early stage, is the urgent problem of modern oncology. A general approach to early diagnostics of cancer is a discovery of specific blood disease biomarkers. Ovarian cancer biomarker used in the modern art, CA125, has some drawbacks resulting in extensive research recently directed to this tumor diagnosis. In particular, it was shown the advantage of parallel use of several diagnostic biomarkers instead of the single one. Proteome techniques (two-dimensional electrophoresis, mass-spectrometry methods) in connection to bioinformatics represent a powerful tool for new biomarker discovery. In this respect, the best method of choice is shown to be SELDI-TOF (Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight) technique which combines chromatography protein chip application and mass-spectrometry-based detection. In this review, new ovarian biomarker data obtained by proteome methods are summarized.

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The paper describes the authors' experience with the new Russian antituberculous agent isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) used in postpartum female patients with different forms of active and inactive pulmonary tuberculosis. The study group comprised 20 puerperas with respiratory tuberculosis of different degrees who received fenazid in a dose of 0.5 g daily for 2-3 months for therapeutic and preventive purposes. The comparison group included 36 puerperas given isoniazid in a daily dose of 0.6 g. The effectiveness of fenazid in treating and preventing respiratory tuberculosis allowed the agent to be used in postpartum period and recommended if there are side effects of isoniazid and altered peripheral blood parameters.

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Literature data summarizing new approaches and importance of early ovary cancer diagnostics have been reviewed. Alpha-feta-protein (AFP) and SA125 were the most reliable markers for determination of early ovary cancer stages. Nevertheless, these markers don't reflect the disease stage, malignance and they don't possess sufficient specificity. New methodical approaches have recently been introduced. They include combination of 2-D electrophoresis with mass-spectrometry. These methods allow to inventory and identify almost all proteins of various tissues. Using these methods for scanning proteins from biopsies of ovary cancer tissues new markers have been discovered.

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Serum ceruloplasmih (CP) and anti-CP antibody levels were studied by the oxidase method in 18 healthy women and in 86 women with gynecological tumors. The results demonstrate that: 1) Serum CP concentrations increased in endometrial and ovarian cancer, in benign ovarian tumors and to a lesser extent in mioma of uterus. 2) Serum CP antibodies were found out in both benign tumors and cancer cases. 3) There was positive linear correlation between serum levels of CP and anti-CP-antibodies in endometrial and ovarian cancers, and in benign ovarian tumors.

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The paper presents a procedure of teleradiotherapy in patients with stages III-IV cancer of the cervix uteri with significant concurrent pathology. Control patients with the similar disease stages underwent combined radiation therapy. If there are contraindications to combined radiation therapy, teleradiotherapy is possible and required as an independent treatment that prolongs and improves the patients' like quality irrespective of the extent of a tumorous process.

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The investigation involved 22 reproductive and menopausal women (aged 30-48) with atypical endometrial hyperplasia. In addition to general clinical examination, all the patients underwent ultrasound scanning of the organs of the small pelvis, hysteroscopy and diagnostic curettage for morphological examination both before and after treatment. All tissue samples taken before and after treatment were assayed for cytoplasmic and plasma-membrane receptor levels and a number of biochemical parameters of plasma membranes. Hormone therapy with prolonged-release gestagen-based drugs pointed to changes which occurred in: (1) sex steroid reception at cytosol and plasma-membrane levels; (2) the lipids profile of plasma membranes, and (3) activity of membrane-related enzymes. Among the beneficial results of gestagen treatment was coming most of lipid profile parameters and plasma-membrane enzymes back to normal. However, a decrease in the progesterone reception level in target tissue after 3-6 month treatment may suggest a likelihood of development of tolerance to gestagen. The data also suggest that further research continue in this area of endometrial precancer.

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15 pregnant women with pregnancy lasting 28-32 weeks, whose medico-laboratory data (the positive result of the amino test, high pH value and the detection of "key" cells) suggested the presence of bacterial vaginosis, were placed under observation. The bacteriological study of vaginal microflora in all these women revealed pronounced disturbances simultaneously with the development of intestinal dysbacteriosis. The local application of the bacterial preparation "Zhlemik" containing freeze-dried live lactic acid bacteria of vaginal origin and the oral administration of lactic acid bifidumbacterin containing live bifidobacteria of intestinal origin permitted the successful restoration of vaginal and intestinal microbiocenosis. The capacity of biotherapeutic preparations for inducing non-specific immunostimulation led to a significant rise in the levels of IgA, IgM and IgG in vaginal secretions.

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Combined spinal epidural anesthesia using an original Portex kit was carried out in 62 patients operated on for orthopaedic, urological, and gynecological disorders. Hemodynamics was examined by tetrapolar chest rheography, hemostasis by electrocoagulography. Satisfactory blocking was attained in 98% cases, in 1 patient an accidental puncture of the subarachnoidal space with Tuohy needle occurred. Development of spinal block was associated with a reduction of heart productivity and hypocoagulation changes in the hemostasis. The parameters examined remained within the normal range of values.

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Ligenten gel is a combined dosage form containing gentamicin (a broad spectrum antibiotic), lidocaine (an anesthetic) and ethonium (an antiseptic). The hydrogel sodium carboxymethylcellulose in combination with polyvinylpyrrolidone is used as the ligenten base. The clinical trials in urologic and gynecologic patients showed that ligenten had a high therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, as well as an anesthetic action in instrumental examinations and surgical endoscopic manipulations.

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