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Objectives: Asymptomatic gastrointestinal carriage of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is a threat to global health in developing countries with inadequate safe drinking water, poor hygiene, and weak antimicrobial stewardship; however, epidemiological data to guide CRE infection prevention and control is limited in these settings. We assessed asymptomatic CRE and carbapenem-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) fecal carriage rates and associated risk factors among hospitalized children aged under 5 years. Methods: We adopted a cross-sectional study at Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital in Nairobi-City County, Kenya, between June and September 2022. We collected demographic and clinical characteristics using a structured questionnaire and clinical reports and analyzed stool/rectal swab samples by standard and automated bacteriological methods. Results: Asymptomatic CRE and CPE fecal carriage rate was 2.25% (6/267), with six isolates recovered, predominated by Escherichia coli (33.33%) and Enterobacter cloacae subsp dissolvens (33.33%). Third-generation cephalosporin and ciprofloxacin resistance were highest in Citrobacter farmer and E. cloacae subsp cloacae. All CRE and CPE were multidrug-resistant, and except E. cloacae subsp cloacae, were 100% colistin-resistant. Conclusions: Asymptomatic gastrointestinal carriage of multidrug-resistant-CRE among hospitalized children under 5 years, presents a substantial public health threat. This calls for continuous surveillance including molecular characterization of isolates, to inform infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship adherence in line with local and global plans on AMR.
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Linear, branch and hyperbranch siRNAs were effectively prepared for down-regulating GRP78 expression and inducing cell death in HepG2 liver cancer cells. Branch and hyperbranch GRP78 siRNAs were synthesized by automated solid-phase synthesis in good yields (44-78%) and isolated in excellent purities (>99%) following HPLC purification. Moreover, siRNAs adopted stable intramolecular hybrids as discerned by native PAGE and thermal denaturation studies. These sequences also exhibited the pre-requisite A-type helical trajectory for triggering RNAi activity as determined by CD spectroscopy. Biological studies confirmed potent suppression of GRP78 expression (50-60%) while compromising cancer cell viability by ~20%. Thus, branch and hyperbranch siRNAs may serve as potent siRNA candidates in cancer gene therapy applications.
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Interferencia de ARN , ARN Interferente Pequeño/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Chaperón BiP del Retículo Endoplásmico , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Microscopía Confocal , ARN Interferente Pequeño/genética , ARN Interferente Pequeño/farmacología , Técnicas de Síntesis en Fase SólidaRESUMEN
Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica (OFC) is defined as the classic skeletal manifestation of advanced primary hyperparathyroidism. With the increased detection by means of routine calcium screening, the clinical profile of primary hyperparathyroidism in Western countries has shifted from symptomatic disease to one with subtle or no specific symptoms ("asymptomatic" primary hyperparathyroidism). The authors describe a classical feature of advanced primary hyperparathyroidism due to a parathyroid adenoma and its successful treatment.
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Introduction. Mycetoma is a localized, chronic, progressive, granulomatous, inflammatory, non contagious, tumour-like lesion with sinuses discharging different types of granules. The organisms are usually inoculated into any body part subject to trauma-usually the foot. Treatment is medical and/or surgical. Prognosis is good in early cases with high recurrences in late cases or those inadequately treated. The authors describe the successful treatment of a severe case of leg mycetoma, with combined surgical and medical therapies.
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Thiolase I and II coexist as part of the glyoxysomal beta-oxidation system in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cotyledons, the only system shown to have both forms. The importance of thiolases can be underscored not only by their ubiquity, but also by their involvement in a wide variety of processes in plants, animals and bacteria. Here we describe the cloning, expression and purification of acetoacetyl CoA thiolase (AACT) in enzymatically active form. Use of the extensive amount of sequence information from the databases facilitated the efficient generation of the gene-specific primers used in the RACE protocols. The recombinant AACT (1233 bp) shares 75% similarity with other plant AACTs. Comparison of specific activity of this recombinant AACT to a previously reported enzyme purified from primary sunflower cotyledon tissue was very similar (263 nkat/mg protein vs 220 nkat/mg protein, respectively). Combining the most pure fractions from the affinity column, the enzyme was purified 88-fold with a 55% yield of the enzymatically active, 47 kDa AACT.