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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate epidemiological aspects of priapism in patients with sickle cell disease, and these aspects impact on adult sexual function. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study including individuals with sickle cell disease who were evaluated at a reference center for sickle cell. Participants completed a structured questionnaire about their sociodemographic characteristics and priapism events. Sexual function was assessed using validated two instruments, the Erection Hardness Score and one about the sex life satisfaction. RESULTS: Sixty-four individuals with median aged of 12 (7 to 28) years were interviewed. The prevalence of priapism was 35.9% (23/64). The earliest priapism episode occurred at 2 years of age and the latest at 42 years. The statistical projection was that 71.1% of individuals of the study would have at least one episode of priapism throughout life. Patients with episodes of priapism (10/23) had significantly worse erectile function Erection Hardness Score of 2 [1-3]; p=0.01 and were less satisfied with sexual life 3 [3-5]; p=0.02. CONCLUSION: Priapism is usually present in childhood, and severe episodes are associated with cavernous damage, impairment in the quality of the erection, and lower sexual satisfaction.
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Anemia de Células Falciformes/epidemiología , Anemia de Células Falciformes/fisiopatología , Disfunción Eréctil/epidemiología , Disfunción Eréctil/fisiopatología , Priapismo/epidemiología , Priapismo/fisiopatología , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Humanos , Masculino , Erección Peniana/fisiología , Prevalencia , Priapismo/etiología , Calidad de Vida , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate epidemiological aspects of priapism in patients with sickle cell disease, and these aspects impact on adult sexual function. Methods This was a cross-sectional study including individuals with sickle cell disease who were evaluated at a reference center for sickle cell. Participants completed a structured questionnaire about their sociodemographic characteristics and priapism events. Sexual function was assessed using validated two instruments, the Erection Hardness Score and one about the sex life satisfaction. Results Sixty-four individuals with median aged of 12 (7 to 28) years were interviewed. The prevalence of priapism was 35.9% (23/64). The earliest priapism episode occurred at 2 years of age and the latest at 42 years. The statistical projection was that 71.1% of individuals of the study would have at least one episode of priapism throughout life. Patients with episodes of priapism (10/23) had significantly worse erectile function Erection Hardness Score of 2 [1-3]; p=0.01 and were less satisfied with sexual life 3 [3-5]; p=0.02. Conclusion Priapism is usually present in childhood, and severe episodes are associated with cavernous damage, impairment in the quality of the erection, and lower sexual satisfaction.
RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar aspectos epidemiológicos do priapismo em pacientes com doença falciforme e o impacto desses aspectos na função sexual de adultos. Métodos Trata-se de estudo transversal, que incluiu indivíduos com doença falciforme acompanhados em um centro de referência. Os participantes responderam a um questionário estruturado acerca das características sociodemográficas e eventos de priapismo. A função sexual foi avaliada por meio de dois instrumentos validados, a Escala de Rigidez de Ereção e um sobre satisfação com a vida sexual. Resultados Foram entrevistados 64 indivíduos com média de idade de 12 (7-28) anos. A prevalência de priapismo foi de 35,9% (23/64). O episódio mais precoce ocorreu aos 2 anos de idade e o mais tardio, aos 42 anos. A projeção estatística foi de que 71,1% desses sujeitos teriam pelo menos um episódio de priapismo ao longo da vida. Pacientes adultos com episódios de priapismo (10/23) apresentaram função erétil significativamente pior Escala de Rigidez de Ereção de 2 [1-3]; p=0,01 e estavam menos satisfeitos com a vida sexual 3 [3-5]; p=0,02. Conclusão O priapismo manifesta-se desde a infância, e episódios graves estão associados a dano cavernoso, prejuízo na qualidade da ereção e menor satisfação sexual.
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Humanos , Masculino , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Priapismo/fisiopatología , Priapismo/epidemiología , Disfunción Eréctil/fisiopatología , Disfunción Eréctil/epidemiología , Anemia de Células Falciformes/fisiopatología , Anemia de Células Falciformes/epidemiología , Priapismo/etiología , Calidad de Vida , Erección Peniana/fisiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Edad , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Supervivencia sin EnfermedadRESUMEN
Resumo: Introdução: A depressão é um distúrbio heterogêneo, com etiologia, evolução e resposta terapêutica variadas, com relatos de aumento crescente na incidência entre os jovens. Dois objetivos nortearam este estudo: estimar a prevalência de sintomas depressivos entre acadêmicos de Medicina de uma universidade com métodos ativos de aprendizagem e investigar possíveis associações com variáveis sociodemográficas. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo. Aplicaram-se um questionário eletrônico com variáveis sociodemográficas e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI). Foram realizadas análise univariada e regressão logística multivariada. Resultados: Avaliamos 173 discentes, com discreta predominância de rapazes (n = 93, 53,7%) e idade mediana de 24 (22-26) anos. Verificaram-se sintomas depressivos em 46,2% (n = 80), dos quais 33,5% (n = 58) leves, 9,2% (n = 16) moderados e 3,4% (n = 6) graves. Sexo feminino (p = 0,032) e insatisfação com a Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas - ABP (p < 0,001) se associaram de forma independente aos sintomas depressivos em regressão logística multivariada, com aumento na chance de sintomas depressivos de 2 e 3,5 vezes, respectivamente. Os fatores morar com os pais, ter outros diagnósticos psiquiátricos e praticar regularmente atividade física se associaram aos sintomas depressivos apenas em análise univariada. Conclusão: Os acadêmicos de Medicina apresentaram significativa prevalência de sintomas depressivos. A associação dos sintomas depressivos com insatisfação com o método ABP pode fomentar reflexões sobre a conduta pedagógica e as deficiências na aplicação da metodologia ABP na referida universidade. Ressaltamos a importância da implementação da atividade física no projeto pedagógico e curricular do curso de Medicina como estratégia para a promoção de saúde mental e física nos discentes.
Abstract: Introduction: Depression is a heterogenous disorder of diverse etiology, progression and therapeutic response. Increasing incidence of depression in young adulthood has been reported. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the prevalence of depressive symptoms among medical students at a university which adopts an active learning method and to investigate possible associations to sociodemographic variables. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. An electronic questionnaire was applied to evaluate sociodemographic variables and depressive symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. Results: A slight male predominance (n=93, 53.7%) was found among 173 students, along with an average median age of 24 [22-26]. Depressive symptoms were identified in 46.2% of the students (n=80): 33.5% (n=58) with mild symptoms, 9.2% (n=16) moderate, and 3.4% (n=6) severe. Female gender (p=0.032) and dissatisfaction with the active learning method (p<0.001) were independently associated with depressive symptoms in a multivariate logistic regression analysis with the chance of suffering from depressive symptoms increasing 2 and 3.5 fold, respectively. Living with one's parents, additional psychiatric diagnosis, and lack of regular physical exercise were associated with depressive symptoms only in univariate analysis. Conclusion: The medical students presented a high prevalence rate of depressive symptons. Association between dissatisfaction with the active learning method and depressive symptoms may offer some insight regarding the pedagogical practices and deficiencies in the application of this method at the university in question. It is important to implement strategies that incorporate physical exercise into the pedagogical and curricular project to promote the mental and physical health of the students.
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INTRODUCTION: Evidence indicates an increase in the prevalence of enuresis in individuals with sickle cell disease. The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence and impact of enuresis on quality of life in individuals with sickle cell disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated individuals with sickle cell disease followed at a reference clinic, using a questionnaire designed to evaluate the age of complete toilet training, the presence of enuresis and lower urinary tract, and the impact on quality of life of these individuals. RESULTS: Fifty children presenting SCD (52% females, mean age ten years) were included in the study. Of those, 34% (17/50) presented as HbSC, 56% with HbSS (28/50), 2% Sα-thalassemia (1/5) and 8% the type of SCD was not determined. The prevalence of enuresis was 42% (21/50), affecting 75% of subjects at fi ve years and about 15% of adolescents at 15 years of age. Enuresis was classifi ed as monosymptomatic in 33.3% (7/21) and nonmonosymptomatic in 66.6% (14/21) of the cases, being primary in all subjects. Nocturia was identifi ed in 24% (12/50), urgency in 20% (10/50) and daytime incontinence 10% (5/50) of the individuals. Enuresis had a signifi cant impact on the quality of life of 67% of the individuals. CONCLUSION: Enuresis was highly prevalent among children with SCD, and continues to be prevalent throughout early adulthood, being more common in males. Primary nonmonosymptomatic enuresis was the most common type, and 2/3 of the study population had a low quality of life.
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Anemia de Células Falciformes/patología , Anemia de Células Falciformes/fisiopatología , Enuresis/epidemiología , Enuresis/fisiopatología , Calidad de Vida , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalencia , Distribución por Sexo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Escala Visual Analógica , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Introduction Evidence indicates an increase in the prevalence of enuresis in individuals with sickle cell disease. The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence and impact of enuresis on quality of life in individuals with sickle cell disease. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study evaluated individuals with sickle cell disease followed at a reference clinic, using a questionnaire designed to evaluate the age of complete toilet training, the presence of enuresis and lower urinary tract, and the impact on quality of life of these individuals. Results Fifty children presenting SCD (52% females, mean age ten years) were included in the study. Of those, 34% (17/50) presented as HbSC, 56% with HbSS (28/50), 2% Sα-thalassemia (1/5) and 8% the type of SCD was not determined. The prevalence of enuresis was 42% (21/50), affecting 75% of subjects at five years and about 15% of adolescents at 15 years of age. Enuresis was classified as monosymptomatic in 33.3% (7/21) and nonmonosymptomatic in 66.6% (14/21) of the cases, being primary in all subjects. Nocturia was identified in 24% (12/50), urgency in 20% (10/50) and daytime incontinence 10% (5/50) of the individuals. Enuresis had a significant impact on the quality of life of 67% of the individuals. Conclusion Enuresis was highly prevalent among children with SCD, and continues to be prevalent throughout early adulthood, being more common in males. Primary nonmonosymptomatic enuresis was the most common type, and 2/3 of the study population had a low quality of life.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Calidad de Vida , Enuresis/fisiopatología , Enuresis/epidemiología , Anemia de Células Falciformes/fisiopatología , Anemia de Células Falciformes/patología , Brasil/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Distribución por Sexo , Distribución por Edad , Escala Visual AnalógicaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Priapism is one of the complications of sickle cell disease characterized by a persistent and painful erection, which can lead to erectile dysfunction and sexual impotence. The objective of this study was to understand how men with sickle cell disease and priapism access emergency care. METHODS: A qualitative study conducted in a reference healthcare unit to people with sickle cell disease in the second largest city in Bahia. Seven adult men with sickle cell disease who had experienced priapism participated in the study. The data were collected by semi-structured interview and thematic story designs and submitted to content analysis. RESULTS: Priapism is seen as a lack of genital health. Participants use strategies to manage it at home to avoid embarrassment, which ends up in cocooning. Access to emergency services is motivated by persistent and relentless pain; and limited by the fear of priapism being mistaken for sexual deviance, lack of knowledge about the complication as a urologic emergency and financial shortfall, which confers a worse prognosis about erectile function. Men are embarrassed and discriminated by healthcare and support professionals, which discourages them from accessing these services in the future. CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis of sickle cell disease, the orientation of family members and the need for healthcare professionals to educate young boys and men with sickle cell disease and their caregivers about priapism in advance to allow adequate self-care and prevent complications.
RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O priapismo é uma das complicações da doença falciforme caracterizada por ereção persistente e dolorosa, podendo levar à disfunção erétil e impotência sexual. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender como os homens com doença falciforme e priapismo acessam os cuidados nos serviços de emergência. MÉTODOS: Estudo qualitativo realizado em unidade de saúde referência para pessoas com doença falciforme no segundo maior município baiano. Participaram do estudo 7 homens adultos com doença falciforme que já vivenciaram priapismo. Utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada e desenhos-história com o tema, analisados por análise de conteúdo. RESULTADOS: O priapismo é visto como uma falta de saúde genital. Os participantes usam estratégias para seu manuseio em domicílio para evitar constrangimentos, o que acaba isolando-os socialmente. O acesso aos serviços de emergência é motivado pela dor persistente e irredutível; e limitado pelo temor do priapismo ser confundido como resultado de desvio sexual, desconhecimento da complicação como emergência urológica e carência financeira, o que confere pior prognóstico sobre a função erétil. Os homens sofrem constrangimento e discriminação pelos profissionais de saúde e de apoio das unidades, o que os desmotiva a acessar esses serviços no futuro. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo ressalta a importância do diagnóstico precoce da doença falciforme, da orientação de familiares e da necessidade de os profissionais de saúde educarem os meninos/homens jovens com doença falciforme e seus cuidadores sobre o priapismo de forma prévia, para permitir o adequado autocuidado futuro e prevenção de complicações.
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OBJETIVO: compreender as repercussões da dor social sobre os papéis de gênero de mulheres e homens com doença falciforme. MÉTODO: estudo qualitativo, exploratório, realizado num Centro de Referência em doença falciforme de um município do interior da Bahia. Os dados obtidos de desenhos estória-tema e entrevistas com 16 pessoas foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática. RESULTADOS: emergiram duas categorias: "A dor social nas mulheres com doença falciforme se expressa na impossibilidade de ser dona de casa, mãe e mulher sexuada" e "A dor social de homens com doença falciforme se expressa na dificuldade de manter-se trabalhador, ser provedor e homem sexualmente ativo". DISCUSSÃO: a exclusão do trabalho, as alterações da sexualidade e parentalidade interferem nos projetos de vida e mantém a reprodução de estereótipos de gênero. CONCLUSÃO: a escuta sensível numa abordagem de cuidado multiprofissional deve fazer parte do plano terapêutico de pessoas com doença falciforme.
AIM: Social pain, gender, and people with sickle cell disease: an exploratory study. METHOD: this is a qualitative and exploratory study and it was conducted in a Sickle Cell Disease Reference Center in a municipality in the interior of Bahia. The data obtained from theme-story drawings and interviews with 16 people were submitted to thematic content analysis. RESULTS: two categories have emerged: "Social pain in women with sickle cell disease is expressed in the impossibility of being a housewife, mother and woman sexually" and "The social pain of men with sickle cell disease is expressed in the difficulty of being a worker, a provider and a sexually active man". DISCUSSION: the exclusion of work, changes in sexuality and parenting interfere in life projects and maintain the reproduction of gender stereotypes. CONCLUSION: sensitive listening in a multiprofessional care approach should be part of the therapeutic plan for people with sickle cell disease.
OBJETIVO: compreender las repercusiones del dolor social sobre los papeles de género de mujeres y hombres con enfermedad de las células falciforme. MÉTODO: estudio cualitativo, exploratorio, realizado en un Centro de Referencia en enfermedad falciforme de un municipio del interior de Bahía. Los datos obtenidos de los dibujos historietas-tema y entrevistas con 16 personas se sometieron al análisis de contenido temático. RESULTADOS: emergieron dos categorías: "El dolor social en las mujeres con enfermedad falciforme se expresa en la imposibilidad de ser ama de casa, madre y mujer sexuada" y "El dolor social de hombres con enfermedad falciforme se expresa en la dificultad de mantenerse trabajando, ser proveedor y hombre sexualmente activo". DISCUSIÓN: la exclusión del trabajo, las alteraciones de la sexualidad y la vida parental, interfieren en los proyectos de vida y mantienen la reproducción de estereotipos de género. CONCLUSIÓN: la escucha sensibilizada en el abordaje de cuidado multiprofesional debe hacer parte del plan terapéutico de personas con enfermedad de células falciforme.