RESUMEN
PURPOSE: To demonstrate a less expensive approach for laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Left donor nephrectomy was done transperitoneally in flank position. Renal vein and artery were exposed and prepared for nephrectomy. Nondisposable trocars and instruments were used. The adrenal vein was clipped and its arteries were bipolar coagulated. Both renal artery and vein were clip-ligated using three medium large nonautomatic metallic clips and divided, instead of using rather expensive vascular endostapler. Kidney was hand-extracted from suprapubic incision (no Endobag was used). RESULTS: Donor nephrectomy was performed in 341 donors. Mean warm ischemia time was 8.17 minutes. Mean operative time was 260.3 minutes. Conversion and reoperation was required in 2.1% and 3.8% of donors, respectively. Ureteral complications were observed in 2.1% of recipients. No vascular accident occurred from pedicular vessels. One-year graft survival in recipients was 92.6%. By this approach, at least $600 was saved in each nephrectomy. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy can be performed with a less expensive setup without adverse effects on graft outcome. Vascular control using nonautomatic clips instead of more costly vascular endostapler and also hand extraction of the kidney is safe, practical, and economical.
Asunto(s)
Donadores Vivos , Nefrectomía/métodos , Circulación Renal , Instrumentos Quirúrgicos , Suturas , Recolección de Tejidos y Órganos/métodos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Laparoscopía , Arteria Renal/cirugía , Venas Renales/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Seguridad , Factores de TiempoAsunto(s)
Candida/aislamiento & purificación , Candidiasis/epidemiología , Diálisis Renal/efectos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Temperatura Corporal , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Placa Dental/microbiología , Femenino , Humanos , Irán , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
AIM: Macular edema is still the main cause of poor visual prognosis in central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). This study was designed to establish whether grid photocoagulation is effective in the management of this disorder. METHODS: The records of 16 patients who had undergone macular grid photocoagulation for persistent macular edema due to CRVO were reviewed retrospectively. Pre-treatment visual acuity ranged from 20/400 to 20/40, and laser treatment was done six months or more after the onset of the disease. RESULTS: Biomicroscopy and fluorescein angiography showed the improvement or disappearance of macular edema in 14/16 patients (87.5%). Improved visual acuity was observed in eight (50%) and no improvement or reduced vision in the other eight (50%). A poorer prognosis was statistically correlated with older age (p < 0.03), macular ischemia (p < 0.001), foveal avascular zone larger than 1/2 disc diameter (p < 0.05) and pigmentary clumps in the foveal area (p < 0.05). Laser treatment was ineffective for most patients with systemic vascular risk factors and pre-treatment visual acuity below 20/200. CONCLUSION: Macular grid photocoagulation may be effective for drying up, or at least reducing, macular edema due to CRVO and some improvement of vision can be expected in half the cases.