RESUMEN
The present study aimed to estimate the standard score of death anxiety in the Iranian elderly. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, national and international databases were searched from inception to January 2022. All the observational studies published in Persian and English, which reported a death anxiety score based on the Templer death anxiety scale, were selected. The standard score of death anxiety in the elderly was 50% (95% CI: 45-56). No correlation was observed between the year of publication (p = .092) and sample size (p = .94) with the standard score of death anxiety in the elderly. With increased age, death anxiety scores declined. Publication bias was not significant (p = .340). Iranian seniors achieved half of the total score of death anxiety, which indicated the average level of death anxiety. Providing training to effectively manage death anxiety is essential to preventing the adverse consequences of extreme death anxiety.
RESUMEN
Background and objectives: Craving is the main symptom of addiction that is accompanied by dependence and relapse. The present study was aimed to compare the effectiveness of combined Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation (tDCS) and emotion regulation training with that of separate tDCS and emotion regulation training in reducing current drug craving and thoughts and fantasies about drug use. Materials and methodology: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and three intervention groups. The statistical population included all patients dependent on opioids in medium-term residential drug rehabilitation centers in Zahedan, Iran, in 2018-2019. From eight randomly selected centers, a total of 54 patients were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and randomly divided into three intervention groups. Data were gathered using the Personal Drug Use Questionnaire, Desires for Drug Questionnaire (DDQ), and Drug Use Thoughts, Fantasies, and Temptations Questionnaire. All analyses were performed using SPSS-16. Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated significant differences between the three intervention groups in current drug craving and thoughts and fantasies about drug use (P ..001). In addition, examination of the mean rank showed that t significant decrease was higher for the combined tDCS and emotion regulation training group. Conclusion: Addiction is very similar to other chronic disorders. Therefore, combined (integrated) therapies can have a very important role in treating addiction, especially in relapse prevention.
RESUMEN
Background:Autism spectrum disorder has a big impact on family life. Mothers of children with autism face many challenges. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of group-based acceptance and commitment therapy on cognitive emotion regulation strategies in mothers of children with autism. Method:This is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research population included mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder referring to exceptional schools, who were living in Tehran. After cluster random sampling, 30 mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder were selected and randomly assigned to two groups: an experimental group and a control group, each consisting of 15 women. Participants responded to the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire vulbefore and after intervention. The experimental group received group-based acceptance and commitment therapy (eight two-hour sessions), while no intervention was given to the control group. Results and conclusion:Covariance analysis of data showed that group-based acceptance and commitment therapy had a significant effect on positive/planning strategy refocusing (p=0.003), positive reappraisal (p=0.004), self-blaming (p=0.001), blaming others (p=0.007), considering a situation as disastrous (p=0.001), reception (p=0.008). However, there was not a significant difference in the dimensions of rumination (p=0.025). Therefore, it is recommended that welfare institutions and centers should provide a training plan based on acceptance and commitment therapy to improve the current cognitive emotion regulation strategies for mothers of children with autism spectrum.