RESUMEN
Corn grain with a high phosphorus (P) content (mainly in the form of phytate-P) may need to be processed to improve the digestibility of nutrients for young calves. Processing corn grains can improve the accessibility of phytate-P to the rumen enzymes and increase the bioavailability of P, which benefits the growth and development of calves. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding starter diets with steam-flaked corn (SFC) compared with ground corn (GC) with 2 P contents of 0.4% and 0.7% DM basis on intake, growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites and urinary purine derivatives in dairy calves. A total of 48 female Holstein dairy calves (3 d old; average initial weight 39.7 ± 3.9 kg) were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (12 calves/treatment) in a randomized complete block design. The treatment groups were: 1) a starter diet of GC with 0.4% P (GC-0.4P); 2) a starter diet of GC with 0.7% P (GC-0.7P); 3) a starter diet of SFC with 0.4% P (SFC-0.4P); 4) a starter diet of SFC with 0.7% P (SFC-0.7P). Calves received 6 L/d of transition milk on d 2-3 and 5 L/d of whole milk on d 4-30, which was increased to 7 L/d on d 31-45, then decreased to 5 L/d on d 46-60 and reduced to a single feeding of 2 L on d 61-62. All calves had free access to starter feed and water. All calves were weaned on d 63 and remained in the study until d 83. Rumen fluid samples were collected on d 38 (pre-weaning) and d 76 (post-weaning). Blood samples were collected on d 40 and 80 and urine samples were collected on 4 consecutive days from d 79 to 82 to analyze urinary excretion of PD. The phytate-P content ranged from 0.23 to 0.17 for GC and SFC, respectively. In particular, the interaction between corn processing method and P content showed that the SFC-0.7P diets had a greater intake of starter feed during the pre- and post-weaning periods compared with the other experimental groups. In addition, calves fed the SFC-0.7P diet had greater average daily gain, body weight, withers height at weaning, better organic matter digestibility, higher blood ß-hydroxybutyrate levels and higher microbial protein synthesis compared with all other groups. Feeding the SFC diet also resulted in improved feed efficiency, improved P digestibility and a tendency toward a lower rumen pH, albeit with a tendency toward an increase in blood glucose concentration during the pre-weaning period. In addition, the inclusion of 0.7% P to the starter diet resulted in increased fiber digestibility and a slight improvement in growth performance, which was particularly evident in hip height. Overall, the inclusion of SFC in the calf starter diet, especially in combination with a 0.7% DM basis P supplement, improved growth performance and nutrient utilization in dairy calves compared with GC.
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The quadratus plantae (QP) is considered as a part of the plantar intrinsic foot muscles. This muscle has two lateral and medial heads of origin, both of which arise from the plantar surface of calcaneus, and insert into the tendon of flexor digitorum longus (FDL). Various functions have been attributed to the QP muscle, which includes assisting the plantar flexion of the lateral four toes, straightening the oblique pull of FDL and etc. Several anatomical variations of the QP muscle have been reported in the literature. During a routine dissection in the Department of Anatomy at Kerman University of Medical Sciences, a variant plantar muscle was observed in a 40-year-old male cadaver. In the present case, we report a rare variation associated with the insertion pattern of this muscle, which is reported for the first time in Iran. The tendinous end of the QP muscle was divided into three tendons and were then inserted to the inferior surface of 2nd, 3rd and 4th tendons of FDL. Also, a slim tendinous interconnection was also observed between the QP and flexor hallucis longus (FHL). The lack of connection between the FDL and FHL tendons was the other rare variation of this case. Exact knowledge of the possible variations of the QP muscle is of utmost importance to foot surgeons, clinicians and also anatomists.
Asunto(s)
Calcáneo , Músculo Esquelético , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Músculo Esquelético/anatomía & histología , Pie/anatomía & histología , Tendones/anatomía & histología , CadáverRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Exposure to a high ambient temperature (HT) can cause heat stress, which has a negative impact on physiological functions. L-tryptophan (L-Trp) as a precursor of serotonergic and kynurenine (Kyn) pathways, has a calmative effect during different stress statuses. AIMS: This study was carried out to determine the influence of intraperitoneal injection of Trp on feeding behavior, rectal temperature, and some blood parameters in the heat stress condition. METHODS: L-tryptophan (25 and 50 mg/kg body weight, BW) was administered intraperitoneally during either HT (39°C) or control temperature (CT; 31°C) for 5 h whilst fed or fasted in 7-day-old chicks. RESULTS: L-tryptophan caused elevation in decreased food intake and significantly decreased rectal temperature during acute heat stress at the dose of 50 mg/kg BW. Rectal temperature reduced in the fasted state at the dose of 50 mg/kg BW, and at the dose of 25 mg/kg BW Trp in the fed state in comparison with the other experimental groups. Reduction of serum glucose, triglyceride, and corticosterone levels was seen during the fed state. L-tryptophan had a significant reducing effect on the serum corticosterone level in the fasted state in comparison with the fed state, and also revealed a significant decline at the dose of 25 mg/kg BW on the elevated serum corticosterone under heat stress. CONCLUSION: Administration of L-tryptophan leads to increase cumulative food intake and decrease rectal temperature during heat stress. Also, L-Trp causes to decline increased serum corticosterone level under heat stress and fasted state. These findings indicated the potential regulator role of Trp to modulate stress response in heat-exposed chicks.
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AIM: To assess the effects of central administration of α-pinene alone and in combination with either bicuculline or naloxone, as GABAA and µ-opioid receptor antagonists, respectively, on capsaicin-induced dental pulp stimulation in rats. METHODOLOGY: Forty-eight adult male Wistar rats aged 2 months (230-270 g) were cannulated via their lateral ventricles for the central administration of the drugs. α-Pinene was injected at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 µmol L-1 . Then, dental pulp stimulation was induced by intradental application of capsaicin solution (100 µg), and nociceptive scores were recorded for up to 40 min. For investigation of the anti-inflammatory effects of α-pinene, expression of COX-2 in the subnucleolus caudalis (Vc) of rats was determined using immunofluorescence staining. Nonparametric repeated measure Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests as well as parametric one-way analysis of variance were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: α-Pinene at 0.2 and 0.4 µmol L-1 was able to decrease capsaicin-induced nociception. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the expression of COX-2-positive cells in the Vc of capsaicin-treated rats (P < 0.01). This effect was prohibited by α-pinene (0.4 µmol L-1 ). Co-administration of bicuculline (1 µg per rat) or naloxone (6 µg per rat) with α-pinene (0.4 µmol L-1 ), however, prevented the inhibitory effects of α-pinene on both capsaicin-induced pulp nociception and COX-2 over-expression. CONCLUSIONS: Pinene exhibited significant curable effects on capsaicin-induced pulpal nociception and inflammation mainly via pharmacological interfacing with GABAA and µ-opioid receptors.
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Capsaicina , Pulpa Dental , Monoterpenos , Nocicepción , Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Bicuculina/administración & dosificación , Bicuculina/farmacología , Monoterpenos Bicíclicos , Capsaicina/administración & dosificación , Capsaicina/farmacología , Ventrículos Cerebrales , Pulpa Dental/efectos de los fármacos , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Monoterpenos/administración & dosificación , Monoterpenos/farmacología , Naloxona/administración & dosificación , Naloxona/farmacología , Nocicepción/efectos de los fármacos , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
AIM: To characterize the role of orexin-1 receptors (OX1Rs) in ventrolateral periaqueductal grey matter (vlPAG) on modulation of capsaicin-induced pulpal nociception in rats. METHODOLOGY: Sixty-six adult male Wistar rats (2 months old) weighing between 230 and 260 g were used. The animals were cannulated for microinjection of drugs into the vlPAG matter. Pulpalgia was induced by intradental application of capsaicin solution (100 µg) into the incisor teeth of the rats. Ten min prior to capsaicin application, orexin-A (50, 100 and 150 pmol L-1 per rat) was administered. Orexin-A (150 pmol L-1 ) was also co-administrated with SB-334867 (40 nmol L-1 per rat), an OX1Rs antagonist; or bicuculline (1 µg per rat), a GABAA receptors antagonist. Moreover, treatment effects on the release of pro-nociceptive modulator substance P (SP) in vlPAG and trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Vc) of rats were explored using an immunofluorescence technique. One-way analysis of variance was used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Orexin-A dose-dependently decreased capsaicin-induced nociceptive behaviour. However, SB-334867 (40 nmol L-1 per rat) pretreatment (P < 0.05), but not bicuculline (1 µg per rat), attenuated the analgesic effect of orexin-A (150 pmol L-1 ). The level of SP was significantly increased in Vc and decreased in vlPAG of capsaicin-treated rats (P < 0.05). Capsaicin-induced changes in SP levels, however, were prohibited by orexin-A treatment (150 pmol L-1 ) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Orexin-A administration into the vlPAG was associated with an inhibitory effect on capsaicin-induced pulpal nociception and bidirectional effects on the induction of SP in vlPAG and Vc of rats. Central activation of OX1Rs is a potential therapeutic tool for pulpalgia.
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Capsaicina/farmacología , Pulpa Dental/efectos de los fármacos , Nocicepción/efectos de los fármacos , Orexinas/farmacología , Sustancia Gris Periacueductal/efectos de los fármacos , Sustancia P/metabolismo , Núcleos del Trigémino/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Benzoxazoles/administración & dosificación , Benzoxazoles/farmacología , Bicuculina/administración & dosificación , Bicuculina/farmacología , Capsaicina/administración & dosificación , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Masculino , Naftiridinas , Orexinas/administración & dosificación , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Urea/administración & dosificación , Urea/análogos & derivados , Urea/farmacologíaRESUMEN
AIM: To investigate the role of rostral ventromedial medulla orexin-1 receptors in the modulation of orofacial nociception as well as nociception-induced learning and memory impairment in adult male rats. METHODOLOGY: Pulpal nociception was induced by intradental application of capsaicin (100 µg) into the incisors of rats. Orexin-1 receptors agonist (orexin-A, 10, 25 and 50 pmol L-1 rat-1 ) and antagonist (SB-334867-A, 40 and 80 nmol L-1 rat-1 ) were microinjected into the rostral ventromedial medulla prior to capsaicin administration. Total time spent on nocifensive behaviour was recorded by direct visualization of freely moving rats whilst learning and memory were evaluated by the Morris water maze test. One-way analysis of variance and repeated-measures were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Capsaicin-treated rats had a significant increase of nocifensive behaviours (P < 0.001), as well as learning and memory impairment (P < 0.001). However, intraventromedial medulla prior micro-injection of orexin-A (50 pmol L-1 rat-1 ) significantly reduced the nociceptive behaviour (P < 0.001). This effect was blocked by pre-treatment with SB334867-A (80 nmol L-1 rat-1 ). Orexin-A (50 pmol L-1 rat-1 ) also inhibited nociception-induced learning and memory deficits. Moreover, administration of SB-334867-A (80 nmol L-1 rat-1 ) plus orexin-A (50 pmol L-1 rat-1 ) had no effect on learning and memory deficits induced by capsaicin. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that rostral ventromedial medulla orexin-A receptors are involved in pulpal nociceptive modulation and improvement of learning and memory deficits induced by intradental application of capsaicin.
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Capsaicina/farmacología , Pulpa Dental/efectos de los fármacos , Bulbo Raquídeo/efectos de los fármacos , Nocicepción/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores de Orexina/metabolismo , Aprendizaje Espacial/efectos de los fármacos , Memoria Espacial/efectos de los fármacos , Experimentación Animal , Animales , Benzoxazoles/antagonistas & inhibidores , Capsaicina/administración & dosificación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Masculino , Naftiridinas , Antagonistas de los Receptores de Orexina/farmacología , Orexinas , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Fármacos del Sistema Sensorial/administración & dosificación , Fármacos del Sistema Sensorial/farmacología , Urea/análogos & derivados , Urea/antagonistas & inhibidoresRESUMEN
Studies have demonstrated that differentiation of stem cells into cardiomyocytes is a complex phenomenon that requires sufficient inducing factors at various time points. Cardiac extracellular matrix (cECM) could provide tissue specific microenvironment and act as an inductive template for efficient cell differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cECM on differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hADSCs) into cardiomyocytes using cECM hydrogel in combination with a cardiac inductive cocktail. hADSCs were cultured on ECM-coated plates with and without inductive cocktail for 3weeks. qRT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to evaluate the expression pattern of special cardiac genes and proteins. When hADSCs were cultured in the presence of cECM cardiac genes including GATA4, HAND1, HAND2, NKX2.5, Troponin I, ßMHC, Connexin43 were highly expressed in differentiated cells. Also Connexin43, cTnI and ßMHC proteins were expressed as well. We could show that cECM by itself could affect viability, proliferation and differentiation of hADSCs. However, combination of cECM with a cardiac inducing cocktail could improve the results.
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Tejido Adiposo/citología , Células Madre Adultas/citología , Células Madre Adultas/metabolismo , Miocitos Cardíacos/citología , Miocitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Animales , Diferenciación Celular/genética , Diferenciación Celular/fisiología , Células Cultivadas , Matriz Extracelular/genética , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Hidrogeles , Miocardio/metabolismo , Ratas , Medicina Regenerativa , Nicho de Células Madre/genética , Nicho de Células Madre/fisiologíaRESUMEN
In an in vitro study, the effect of light polarization on the efficiency of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) photodynamic therapy (PDT) of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was investigated. Three states of light polarization (non-polarized, linearly polarized, and circularly polarized) were considered. Cells were exposed to green (532 pm 20 nm) irradiation from light emitting diodes. Cell survival was measured by the colorimetric assay (WST-1) and Trypan blue staining. The colorimetric assay showed a pronounced decrease in the cell viability (up to 30%) using polarized light compared to the non-polarized one in the wavelength region used. Similar results were obtained by the cell counting method (20-30% increase in cell death). The observed effect was dependent on the concentration of photosensitizer. The effect is more expressed in the case of linearly polarized light compared to the circularly polarized one. Results show that the use of polarized light increases the efficiency of in vitro ALA-PDT of BCC. Utilizing polarized light, it is possible to obtain the same effect from PDT by lower concentrations of photosensitizer. Additionally, the concentration dependency of PDT response and photo-bleaching is also reduced.
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Carcinoma Basocelular/tratamiento farmacológico , Luz , Fotoquimioterapia , Neoplasias Cutáneas/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácido Aminolevulínico/farmacología , Ácido Aminolevulínico/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma Basocelular/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patologíaRESUMEN
Testis-specific gene antigen10 (Tsga10), as a cytoskeletal protein in the sperm tail, impacts the sperm motility. This study investigates the correlation between sperm profile alterations and Tsga10 gene expression in adult mice exposed to formaldehyde (FA) and then treated with antioxidant effect of manganese (Mn2+ ). In this regard, we examined 35 NMRI adult male mice (6-8 weeks age) in 4 groups of control, sham, FA-exposed and FA+Mn2+ . The mice in FA+Mn2+ group were exposed to FA (10 mg kg-1 twice a day) for 2 weeks and treated with daily Mn2+ administration (5 mg kg-1 ) in the second week prior to sacrificing the mice for testis dissection. The right testis was dissected in each group and subjected to RNA extraction and cDNA syntheses for gene expression analysis by real-time PCR. The findings revealed that FA decreased sperm parameters and Tsga10 expression (52.6 ± 24.37%). However, the injected powerful manganese antioxidant improved sperm profile through overexpression of Tsga10 (121.6 ± 27.13%) under FA-induced stressful condition which proves the correlation between sperm profile and Tsga10 expression (P ≤ 0.05). This study also shows that Tsga10 expression protects sperm dysfunction in FA+Mn2+ group and resulting in better preservation of spermatozoa and improvement of male fertility.
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Antioxidantes/farmacología , Formaldehído/farmacología , Manganeso/farmacología , Proteínas de Plasma Seminal/metabolismo , Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Proteínas del Citoesqueleto , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratones , Proteínas de Plasma Seminal/genética , Motilidad Espermática/efectos de los fármacos , Espermatozoides/metabolismoRESUMEN
Numerous studies have indicated dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) potency to differentiate into several types of cell lineages. Oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2 (OLIG2) plays an important role in the oligodendrogenic pathway. In this study, a tetracycline (Tet)-inducible system expressing OLIG2 gene was transfected into human DPSCs to direct their differentiation toward oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Following induction, the expression of stage-specific markers was studied by Reverse Transcription quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR), immunocytochemistry and western blotting. In the following, the cells were transplanted into the mouse model of local sciatic demyelination damage by lysolecithin. Recovery of lysolecithin-induced lesions in sciatic nerve was studied by treadmill exercise, von Frey filament test and hind paw withdrawal in response to a thermal stimulus. Improvement of behavioral symptoms was efficiently observed from the second week to the sixth week post-transplantation. Our findings showed that exogenous expression of the OLIG2 gene by a Tet-regulated system could be used as an efficient way to induce the differentiation of DPSCs into functional oligodendrocytes. Meanwhile, the DPSC-derived OPCs have relevant therapeutic potential in the animal model of sciatic nerve injury and therefore might represent a valuable tool for stem cell-based therapy in inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the peripheral and central nervous systems (CNSs).
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Factores de Transcripción con Motivo Hélice-Asa-Hélice Básico/metabolismo , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Regeneración Nerviosa/fisiología , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/metabolismo , Inhibidores de la Síntesis de la Proteína/farmacología , Trasplante de Células Madre/métodos , Células Madre/efectos de los fármacos , Tetraciclina/farmacología , Animales , Factores de Transcripción con Motivo Hélice-Asa-Hélice Básico/genética , Diferenciación Celular , Células Cultivadas , Pulpa Dental/citología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Lisofosfatidilcolinas/toxicidad , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Actividad Motora/fisiología , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/genética , Factor de Transcripción 2 de los Oligodendrocitos , Oligodendroglía/fisiología , Neuropatía Ciática/inducido químicamente , Neuropatía Ciática/fisiopatología , Neuropatía Ciática/cirugía , Células Madre/fisiología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Varicocele is among the most common problems which may lead to male infertility. Spermatogenesis is impaired as a consequence of this vascular defect, through mechanisms that are not well described. This study aimed to evaluate serum hormonal level (inhibin B, FSH and testosterone) and seminal plasma antioxidant defence levels after folic acid and zinc sulphate administration in varicocelectomised patients. Participants were randomly allocated to four experimental groups. Our randomisation schedule was as follows: zinc sulphate/folic acid, folic acid, zinc sulphate and placebo. The patients underwent varicocelectomy, before which a blood and semen sample were obtained and also three and six months after varicocelectomy for evaluation of blood hormonal level (FSH, testosterone, inhibin B) and seminal oxidative stress status (nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity). Patients in different groups took orally one capsule per day after dinner following varicocelectomy for 6 months. A significant rise in peripheral blood inhibin B and seminal plasma activity was detected in the zinc sulphate/folic acid group after 6 months. The present clinical trial indicates a change in the hormonal status of varicocelectomised patients following long-term administration of zinc sulphate and folic acid.
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Ácido Fólico/uso terapéutico , Varicocele/tratamiento farmacológico , Varicocele/metabolismo , Sulfato de Zinc/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Quimioterapia Combinada , Ácido Fólico/administración & dosificación , Hormona Folículo Estimulante/sangre , Humanos , Infertilidad Masculina/tratamiento farmacológico , Infertilidad Masculina/etiología , Infertilidad Masculina/metabolismo , Inhibinas/sangre , Masculino , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Semen/efectos de los fármacos , Semen/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Testosterona/sangre , Varicocele/complicaciones , Sulfato de Zinc/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
The prevalence of cigarette and alcohol consumption is high among young adult males during the reproductive period. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of concurrent chronic administration of nicotine and ethanol on the quality of sperm in the rat. Fifty healthy Wistar male rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10) and were given the following for a period of 50 days: ethanol (E), nicotine (N), ethanol and nicotine (E/N); the control group (C) and an intact (I) group. Body weight as well as the weight, volume and dimensions of the testes and the weight of the cauda epididymidis and vas deference were measured. The concentration, motility, viability and membrane integrity of sperm were also assessed. There were no significant differences between body weight and all testis parameters including weight, volume and dimensions. The concentration and motility of sperm in the E/N group was significantly reduced compared with the control group (P < 0.01). Nevertheless, only a marginally significant decrease in sperm viability was found in the E/N group compared with the control group. The study indicates that concurrent chronic administration of ethanol and nicotine may disturb male reproductive function.
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Etanol/farmacología , Nicotina/farmacología , Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Epidídimo/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Análisis de Semen , Motilidad Espermática/efectos de los fármacos , Testículo/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Stem cells have the ability to self renew and are therefore a good source for cell therapy following ischemia. In this study, we transplanted adult rat neural stem cells (NSCs) by lumbar puncture (LP) to investigate whether these cells can migrate and differentiate into neurons or glial cells, thereby improving functional outcome in cerebral ischemia. Transient ischemia was induced in adult rats (n=16) for 1h. Three days after the induction of ischemia, NSCs obtained from the subventricular zone of adult rats were injected into ischemic animals (n=8) by LP at the level of L6-S1. Improved recovery of the coordination of movement on the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days after the injury was examined by the Rotarod test and compared with non-transplanted ischemic animals (n=8). The presence of NSCs in the brain tissue of the animals was examined by immunohistofluorscence and immunohistochemical techniques. The coordination of movement in ischemic animals that received neural stem cells was improved significantly (P<0.05) compared with untreated ischemic animals. Cells labeled with PKH26 were observed in the ischemic area of brain tissue sections. The alkaline phosphatase test and immunohistochemical techniques demonstrated a gathering of NSCs in the lateral ventricle. A number of cells which expressed neuronal and astrocytic cell markers had migrated from the lateral ventricle to the subjacent brain parenchyma. NSCs injected by LP were able to migrate to the ischemic tissue and differentiate into neural-like cells. These differentiated cells may have improved the coordination in movement in the ischemic animals injected with NSCs.
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Células Madre Adultas/trasplante , Ataque Isquémico Transitorio/terapia , Células-Madre Neurales/trasplante , Células Madre Adultas/citología , Células Madre Adultas/fisiología , Animales , Diferenciación Celular , Movimiento Celular , Ataque Isquémico Transitorio/patología , Ataque Isquémico Transitorio/fisiopatología , Masculino , Movimiento , Células-Madre Neurales/citología , Células-Madre Neurales/fisiología , Neuroglía/patología , Neuroglía/fisiología , Neuronas/patología , Neuronas/fisiología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Punción EspinalRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the development of vitrified-warmed mouse blastocysts following a period of Vitamin A administration. Four to six weeks old BALB/c mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of either 0.1 ml paraffin oil alone (control, Con) or paraffin oil containing 250IU of Vitamin A (experiment, Exp). Ten days later the mice were given second paraffin or paraffin Vitamin A injection and an injection of 10IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) followed 48 h later by 10IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Blastocysts were collected from both groups and randomly divided into non-vitrified (Con 1, Exp 1) and vitrified (Con 2, Exp 2) subgroups. Embryos in the vitrified group were exposed sequentially to two solutions (10% ethylene glycol, 10% DMSO in holding medium (HM: DMEMF(12)+10% FBS) and 20% ethylene glycol, 20% DMSO in HM) before plunging into liquid nitrogen. After warming at 37 degrees C, cryoprotectants were diluted serially with 0.25 and 0.15M sucrose solution in HM. The vitrified-warmed and the fresh embryos of the control and the experiment groups were cultured in DMEMF(12) with 10% FBS for 72 h. Although, on the first day of culture, the rate of development to the hatched blastocyst was nearly identical between the two vitrified groups (15.8% versus 13%) but after 48 h, the rate of plated embryos was statistically higher in the vitrified Vitamin A than the vitrified control group (63.1% versus 19.6%, P<0.001). After 48 h, in the non-vitrified groups, the rate of the plated embryos was also significantly higher in the Vitamin A than the control group (70.5% versus 49.3%, P<0.01). These data provided evidence that systemic administration of Vitamin A may enhance the potential development of blastocysts in culture and is capable to reduce the adverse effects of vitrification at least during the first 2 days of cultivation.
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Blastocisto/efectos de los fármacos , Criopreservación/veterinaria , Crioprotectores/farmacología , Vitamina A/farmacología , Animales , Blastocisto/fisiología , Criopreservación/métodos , Desarrollo Embrionario/fisiología , Femenino , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , EmbarazoRESUMEN
Ten avian serotype 3 paramyxoviruses were isolated for the first time in Israel from passerine and psittacine imported caged birds. The birds were submitted for investigation of an illness characterized by nonspecific signs of weakness, anorexia, vomiting, and sneezing. In addition, only the parakeets developed specific neurologic signs. In bacteriologic and pathologic investigation, cachexia and diarrhea were observed in both groups of birds. In psittacines, considerable alterations were observed in lungs, liver, and spleen. Some nonviral pathogens were occasionally isolated. The isolates appeared to belong to serotype 3b avian paramyxovirus (APMV), the prototype strain of which is APMV-3b/parakeet/Netherlands/449/75. The isolation of APMV-3 viruses from imported caged birds may represent a way of introduction of these viruses into the country.