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OBJECTIVE: A progressive increase in the number of older patients with head and neck cancer has been observed in the last few years. The aim of this study was to assess our experience in the management of older patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) in comparison with younger patients. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review was conducted for all patients admitted and treated for newly diagnosed HNC between January 2008 and December 2012. The clinical characteristics, management approaches, and outcome data were recorded. RESULTS: In total, 316 patients with HNC (232 males, 84 females) were enrolled: 203 (64%) were in the young group, whereas 113 patients (36%) were in the older group. Comorbidities (P < .000005) and stage IV tumors (P < .0005) were more frequently observed in the older group. Treatment options were uniformly distributed within the 2 groups; only radiotherapy alone was more frequently administered in older patients (P < .0005). CONCLUSIONS: Chronologic age should not be a reason to deny appropriate treatments that could prevent death in older patients. A careful pretreatment assessment should always be performed.

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OBJECTIVE: Sudden hearing loss (SHL) is a disease, isolated or associated with vertigo, of unknown etiology. The aim of this study was to identify the prognostic factors for hearing recovery. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we analyzed 287 cases of SHL (mean age 42). Tonal threshold audiometry, BAEP, and RM were the diagnostic procedures for clinical balance of the patient. The therapy used the following: corticosteroids, osmotic diuretic infusion, and vasoactives. All the factors were evaluated through statistical tests, Spearman test, and linear logistic regression. RESULTS: In our study, we observed that 39.3% of patients improved, 27.9% remained unchanged, 29% had complete recovery, and 3.8% worsened. Therapy was not related to the degree of recovery from hearing loss, whereas young age, delayed diagnosis, and audiometric curve type were the three factors related to the degree of hearing recovery. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, we report a better overall recovery rate compared with spontaneous recovery. In particular, early treated patients as well as patients with upsloping hearing loss frequently recovered after treatment. Age, time between onset and treatment, and audiogram type were shown to be significantly related to outcome.

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Chondrosarcomas are non-epithelial malignant, slow growing tumors that usually involve pelvis, ribs, and long bones of extremities, scapula and sternum. Median age at diagnosis for head and neck chondrosarcomas is in the fourth decade. The etiopathogenesis of chondrosarcomas remains unknown. Treatment of choice is surgical, with adjuvant therapy having a limited role. In fact, radiation therapy and chemotherapy are reserved for residual or recurrent disease and palliation. As for surgery, several surgical procedures have been described. Recently, endoscopic surgery has allowed for the successful and less invasive treatment of inverting papillomas and even nasopharyngeal angiofibromas, lesions previously requiring extended external approaches. The aim of this paper was to present a case of nasal septal chondrosarcoma that was successfully treated with endoscopic surgery and radiation adjuvant therapy.

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Patients affected by head and neck cancer are particularly at risk for nutritional depletion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of patients affected by head and neck cancer at diagnosis. All adult patients with head and neck cancer between January 2009 and December 2013 were included. The following data were recorded: demographics, tobacco and/or alcohol consumption, weight, height, the reference weight 6 months before the diagnosis, tumor site, tumor stage, and laboratory data. Then, Body mass index (BMI), and Buzby nutrition risk index (NRI) were calculated. Statistical analysis was used to search for associations among multiple variables. 122 men and 22 women were enrolled. As for reference BMI, 77 patients were overweight, whereas just 7 subjects were underweight. At diagnosis, 72 subjects were overweight according to BMI, whereas 52 patients were underweight. Instead, according to NRI, 96 patients were severely malnourished, 42 patients were moderately malnourished, whereas just 6 patients had a normal value of NRI. The assessment of nutrition by BMI excluded from a thorough consideration all overweight and obese patients with head and neck cancer. Instead, NRI correctly identified both undernourished and overweight/obese patients as "malnourished" subjects.

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Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common causes of nasal obstruction, but other diseases need to be considered particularly when the clinical course is getting worse. We present a patient with known mild persistent allergic rhinitis due to house dust mites who experienced progressive worsening of nasal obstruction with associated hyposmia and mucopurulent discharge. The lack of improvement of the patient's symptoms prompted the re-evaluation of the case. Skin prick tests for airborne allergens confirmed sensitisation only to house dust mites. Nasal endoscopy and facial CT scan revealed a huge rhinolith occupying almost completely the right nasal cavity. The rhinolith was surgically removed with resolution of symptoms. Rhinoliths are rare and unusual calcified materials which grow around intranasal foreign body; they are often promoted by trauma, surgical operations and dental work. The patient underwent dental work about 30 months before the diagnosis of rhinolith, suggesting a possible aetiology.

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OBJECTIVE: To compare virtual endoscopy (VE) with flexible endoscopy in patients with cancer of the larynx. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS: This prospective study includes 24 patients with proven cancer of the larynx. Patients underwent spiral CT according to our standard protocol for upper airway imaging. This same set of axial scans was transferred to a dedicated workstation to obtain VE images. Results of VE were compared with the findings of flexible endoscopy. RESULTS: Quality of the examination was good in 96% of the patients. VE identified all exophytic lesions. Two small flat lesions could be observed as slightly enhanced plaques only on the axial scans. Subglottic extension was correctly demonstrated in all cases by associating VE to the axial scans. CONCLUSION: VE shows high sensitivity in the identification of exophytic lesions of the larynx and can establish relationships between cancer and nearby structures. It can be performed in the presence of severe stenosis and does not require sedation and additional scanning. On the other hand, VE show limits in the identification of flat lesions and does not allow biopsies and functional imaging to be performed. SIGNIFICANCE: VE is a useful tool for staging and presurgery treatment of cancer of the larynx.

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