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Coffee (Coffea arabica) cultivation is vital to the global economic, social and cultural life of farmers. However, senescent and disease-susceptible plantations affect coffee productivity. Therefore, it is crucial to improve biotechnological strategies such as micropropagation to increase the number of plants for replanting. In this study, the dark condition (T1) and different light qualities (T0-white light 400-700 nm; T2-red light 660 nm and T3-blue light 460 nm) were evaluated to optimize the in vitro propagation of 4 and 9 month-old coffee seeds. The results showed that red light had the highest percentage, an outstanding germination rate index, which may suggest that in the case of coffee seeds could be involved phytochromes that promote germination in a red light quality. In summary, the ideal conditions for in vitro micropropagation of coffee are under white and red light condition.
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The relationship between metabolic disorders and oxidative stress is still controversial in the child population. The present cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the associations between obesity, cardiometabolic traits, serum level of carbonylated proteins (CPs), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the enzyme activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in children from Mexico City (normal weight: 120; obesity: 81). Obesity resulted in being positively associated with CAT (ß = 0.05 ± 0.01, p = 5.0 × 10-3) and GPx (ß = 0.13 ± 0.01, p = 3.7 × 10-19) enzyme activity. A significant interaction between obesity and sex was observed in MDA and SOD enzymatic activity (PMDA = 0.03; PSOD = 0.04). The associations between obesity, MDA level, and SOD enzyme activity were only significant in boys (boys: PMDA = 3.0 × 10-3; PSOD = 7.0 × 10-3; girls: p ≥ 0.79). In both children with normal weight and those with obesity, CP levels were positively associated with SOD enzyme activity (PNormal-weight = 2.2 × 10-3; PObesity = 0.03). In conclusion, in Mexican children, obesity is positively associated with CAT and GPx enzyme activity, and its associations with MDA levels and SOD enzyme activity are sex-specific. Therefore, CP level is positively related to SOD enzyme activity independently of body weight.
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INTRODUCTION: Hemodialysis uses municipal water that must be strictly purified and sterilized to be used for that procedure. Large amounts of decontaminants are often used, such as chlorine, and if these compounds are not subsequently removed they can be transferred to the blood of patients causing complications including methemoglobinemia. METHODS: In this case series study, dialysis patients in one unit were evaluated. We reviewed clinical characteristics and laboratory findings obtained on the day when the water supply was disinfected with chlorine, with the aim to quantify methemoglobin concentrations. Our objective was to characterize the clinical presentation and management of patients who presented with methemoglobinemia on a specific index day. We also reviewed reported cases in the literature regarding this underreported complication. RESULTS: Eight patients who presented with chlorine intoxication were evaluated. The methemoglobin concentrations were between 1.3% and 7.9% (reference value 0-1%). We believe this to be caused by water containing 0.78 mg/L of total chlorine. Seven patients presented with cyanosis, 4 with dizziness, 6 with dark brown blood, 4 with dyspnea, and 4 with headache and hemolytic anemia. Subjects were treated with supplemental oxygen, methylene blue, intravenous vitamin C, blood transfusions, and increased doses of erythropoietin. No patient died, and all continued with their usual hemodialysis sessions. CONCLUSION: Acute chlorine intoxication transferred by the water used during hemodialysis sessions can present with methemoglobinemia accompanied by cyanosis, oxygen desaturation, and hemolytic anemia. Chlorine levels should be carefully monitored in the water used for hemodialysis treatment.
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Anemia Hemolítica , Metahemoglobinemia , Humanos , Metahemoglobinemia/inducido químicamente , Metahemoglobinemia/terapia , Metahemoglobina/uso terapéutico , Cloro/toxicidad , Diálisis Renal/efectos adversos , Cianosis/complicaciones , Cloruros , Anemia Hemolítica/complicaciones , Oxígeno , AguaRESUMEN
Objective: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of atorvastatin and N-acetyl cysteine in increasing platelet counts in patients with immune thrombocytopenia who were resistant to steroid therapy or had a relapse after treatment. Material and Methods: The patients included in this study received oral treatment of atorvastatin at a dose of 40 mg daily and N-acetyl cysteine at a dose of 400 mg every 8 h. The desired treatment duration was 12 months, but we included patients who completed at least 1 month of treatment in the analysis. The platelet counts were measured prior to the administration of the study treatment and in the first, third, sixth, and twelfth months of treatment (if available). A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: We included 15 patients who met our inclusion criteria. For the total treatment duration, the global response was 60% (nine patients); eight patients (53.3%) had a complete response and one patient (6.7%) had a partial response. Six patients (40%) were considered as having undergone treatment failure. Of the responder group, five patients maintained a complete response after treatment (55.5%), three patients maintained a partial response (33.3%), and one patient (11.1%) lost their response to the treatment. All of the patients in the responder group had significant increases in their platelet counts after treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study provides evidence of a possible treatment option for patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. However, further studies are needed.
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Púrpura Trombocitopénica Idiopática , Trombocitopenia , Humanos , Acetilcisteína/farmacología , Acetilcisteína/uso terapéutico , Atorvastatina/farmacología , Atorvastatina/uso terapéutico , Recuento de Plaquetas , Púrpura Trombocitopénica Idiopática/tratamiento farmacológico , Trombocitopenia/tratamiento farmacológico , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Subjective well-being (SWB) can be defined as a self-report evaluation that reflects the satisfaction, and emotional level, over several social and personal indicators. Alterations in these indicators could become risk factors (RF) for major depressive disorder (MDD), but this association has not been studied at women's life stages such as the perimenopause onset, despite its increasing prevalence for depressive symptomatology. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify if SWB's alterations determine RF for MDD during the perimenopause. METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional study was realized in 252 Mexican women with perimenopause's age range (48 ± 1.7) and menopausal symptomatology, treated on Medical Units belonging to Jalisco's 13th Health-Region. We applied the INEGI's Basic Self-Reported Wellbeing Survey (BIARE) that measured 30 SWB's indicators. To identify MDD's presence, the Beck's Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was applied. The sample was studied with associative analysis, along with logistic regression models, to determine adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS: Trough the BDI-II we identified 40.5% women with MDD. When compared with the undepressed group we found lower scores in all the SWB's indicators, along with significant associations for depressive symptomatology. However, the logistic regression allowed us to identify significant RF when the women specifically reported personal life-dissatisfaction (aOR 9.6, 95% CI 1.90-17.68), emotional imbalances between happiness/sadness (aOR 7.1, 95% CI 1.49-13.57) and concentration/boredom (aOR 6.7, 95% CI 1.43-13.48); free-time dissatisfaction (aOR 5.5, 95% CI 1.17-5.70), public security unconformity (aOR 5.4, 95% CI 2.20-11.3), and sense of purposelessness (aOR 4.2, 95% CI 1.07-19.41). CONCLUSION: The main objective of the study was to determine if SWB's alterations are RF for depressive symptomatology, finding that social indicators with low scores are associated with MDD by means of aOR -Which were higher when compared to international research studies. Considering this, we suggest that more studies should be implemented, in order to understand and correctly attend the women's social conditions during their perimenopause transition.
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Trastorno Depresivo Mayor , Estudios Transversales , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/epidemiología , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Oportunidad Relativa , Perimenopausia , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The principal aim of this study was to identify whether the Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scales (NSNS) could be used on cancer patients. METHODS: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out on cancer patients (n = 298). RESULTS: We found that a majority of cancer patients were around 50 years old (hospitalized patients [HP]: 49.5 ± 14.9; chemotherapy outpatients [COP]: 49.4 ± 12.7), were female (HP: 74%; COP: 63.5%), and had received education at least up to elementary level (HP: 70%; COP: 80%). Breast cancer was the principal type of cancer (>34%) in both groups (HP and COP). The groups were comparable in age, sex distribution, place of origin, educational qualification, and type of cancer. Among HP, the experience and satisfaction scales of the NSNS showed good internal consistency (n = 235, α >0.9, r > 0.7), while among COP, only the satisfaction scale showed good internal consistency (n = 62, α = 1.00). Most patients' perceptions (level of satisfaction) of hospitalization and chemotherapy services were positive (98% and 97%, respectively). CONCLUSION: An NSNS instrument specifically designed for ambulatory care cancer patients is necessary for it to be useful in assessing cancer patients' perception of nursing care. This will help improve the quality of care in Mexico.The presence of cancer by itself could modify the patients' satisfaction level. Further large-scale studies are required to investigate the patients' perceptions of nursing care using the NSNS on different cancer patient groups.
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Enfermería Oncológica , Satisfacción del Paciente , Satisfacción Personal , Calidad de la Atención de Salud , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/normas , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Hospitalización , Hospitales Públicos , Humanos , Masculino , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Servicio de Oncología en Hospital , PsicometríaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis syndrome (HLS) is an immune-mediated life-threatening disease considered as a medical emergency, with a potentially fatal multisystem inflammatory outcome. We present a patient that developed HLS and was able to be diagnosed efficiently with the help of an academic research institute of immunology. CASE PRESENTATION: A 21 years old male Mexican with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), late presenter; who developed cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and a disseminated histoplasmosis-related HLS, as part of an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). The patient required a long course of corticotherapy, intravenous immunoglobulin and massive transfusions (more than 10 units in 24 h, and a total of 83 units), besides amphotericin-B and ganciclovir treatment. An academic research institute of immunology aided in the accurate diagnosis of HLS with the implementation of tests not available within the hospital, thus improving the care provided to the patient. The patient recovered, was discharged, and continue to improve. CONCLUSION: The objective of this report is to highlight the importance of having multidisciplinary support, including basic medical sciences groups providing specific tests that are sometimes very difficult to get, which provides a benefit to patients in the well-aimed diagnosis as part of applied translational medicine.
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Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Histoplasmosis/sangre , Linfohistiocitosis Hemofagocítica/diagnóstico , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Infecciones por VIH/virología , Histoplasmosis/complicaciones , Humanos , Inmunoglobulinas Intravenosas/uso terapéutico , Linfohistiocitosis Hemofagocítica/etiología , Linfohistiocitosis Hemofagocítica/terapia , Masculino , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Traffic events are one of the five leading causes of mortality in Mexico. Pedestrians are one of the main road users involved in such incidents and have the highest mortality rate, which is regularly analysed in relation to vehicles and pedestrians, but not the built environment. The purpose of this study was to analyse the elements of the road system organisation that influences the mortality rate of pedestrians hit by motor vehicles in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area. METHOD: We designed a case and control study in which the cases were sites where a pedestrian died during 2012. The controls were sites close to where the death occurred, as well as those with road infrastructure characteristics similar to those where the events took place. We obtained the pedestrian data from the death certificates and assessed some of the environmental elements of the road sites. A logistic regression analysis was used to estimate OR; 95% CI. RESULTS: Road system factors related with pedestrian mortality in close locations were: the presence of bus stops on intersections in one street or both, and road system features, such as the presence of traffic islands, vehicle flow and pedestrian flow. CONCLUSIONS: According to the urban network theory and multiple theory, the final elements resulted as risk factors due to a fault in connectivity between the nodes. A temporal analysis of urban features will help urban planners make decisions regarding the safety of pedestrians and other road users.
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Accidentes de Tránsito/mortalidad , Planificación Ambiental/estadística & datos numéricos , Peatones/estadística & datos numéricos , Accidentes de Tránsito/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vehículos a Motor , Factores de Riesgo , Seguridad , Población Urbana , Caminata/lesiones , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant has proven useful in relapsed or refractory cases of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. BEAM (carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan) is frequently used as a conditioning regimen; however, the high cost and limited availability of BCNU hinders its use in Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between January 2013 and February 2019, refractory or relapsing HL and NHL patients were treated with an autologous HSCT conditioned with cisplatin+dexamethasone as substitution for BCNU in BEAM. RESULTS Four HL patients and 6 NHL patients were included; 60% were male, the average age was 34.5±15.2 years, the median follow-up was 19.1 months, and 70% had a complete response after transplant. OS at 12 months was 63% for NHL and 100% for HL. Time to hematological recovery was 17.6±2.8 days; all patients developed grade III/IV neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, and 8 patients had transplant-related infections. CONCLUSIONS This retrospective study based on real-world data introduces the option of substituting carmustine with cisplatin+dexamethasone, with a similar response, expected lower cost, and better accessibility in developing nations.
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Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/terapia , Linfoma no Hodgkin/terapia , Acondicionamiento Pretrasplante/métodos , Adulto , Carmustina/administración & dosificación , Cisplatino/administración & dosificación , Terapia Combinada , Citarabina/administración & dosificación , Dexametasona/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Melfalán/administración & dosificación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/terapia , Proyectos Piloto , Podofilotoxina/administración & dosificación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Trasplante Autólogo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pancytopenia is a frequent entity in clinical practice as a feature of a myriad of conditions, ranging from benign to malignant diseases. Since the cause of pancytopenia depends on environmental factors, it is important to know the common etiologies of pancytopenia, however, few studies address this. OBJECTIVES: To identify the etiology of pancytopenia in our population and compare them with what is reported elsewhere. METHODS: We conducted an observational study of patients with pancytopenia in a Mexican Tertiary Care Center. Clinical, hematological and bone marrow studies were performed in all patients. RESULTS: Of 109 cases included, the mean age at diagnosis was 49.4 years, with a slightly higher female incidence (53.2%). The most common causes of pancytopenia were: MDS (20.2%), megaloblastic anemia (18.3%) and AML (12.8%). DISCUSSION: We found a complex picture of pancytopenia in Mexico and compared it with what is reported elsewhere in the literature. CONCLUSION: The sociocultural context in which the patients develop helps narrowing the possible etiology of pancytopenia, and therefore hasten the diagnostic process. Of all the studies available, bone marrow aspiration seems the most useful.
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Pancitopenia , Adolescente , Adulto , Edad de Inicio , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pancitopenia/sangre , Pancitopenia/epidemiología , Pancitopenia/etiología , Factores Sexuales , Centros de Atención TerciariaRESUMEN
RESUMEN Antecedentes: El Trastorno Depresivo Mayor (TDM) puede presentarse durante el inicio de la menopausia, variando su prevalencia de acuerdo a diferentes factores de riesgo clínicos y sociodemográficos; presentándose una mayor asociación al existir alteraciones en la sintomatología menopaúsica. Ante esto, se buscará determinar el riesgo para desarrollar TDM al presentar alteraciones en la sintomatología menopaúsica. Metodología: Es un diseño transversal analítico que incluyó a 252 mujeres iniciando su menopausia (48±1.7 años), atendidas en centros de salud de Guadalajara, Jalisco. Las variables analizadas fueron antecedentes sociodemográficos, utilizando el Inventario de Depresión de Beck para identificar el TDM y la Escala de Valoración de la Menopausia para determinar alteraciones en los principales dominios sintomatológicos de la menopausia. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y de asociación por medio de Odds Ratio (OR), aplicando finalmente una regresión logística. Resultados: La prevalencia de TDM fue de 40.5%, teniendo asociación con el antecedente de uso de anticonceptivos y con el agravamiento en la sintomatología menopaúsica. El análisis ajustado determinó que hay más riesgo de presentar TDM cuando existen alteraciones en los dominios sintomatológicos, tales como en el somático (OR 3.96, IC95% 1.58-9.95), el urogenital (OR 4.29, IC95% 2.13-8.65) y el psicológico (OR 13.55, IC95% 3.97-46.30). Conclusión: La presencia de alteraciones en la sintomatología menopaúsica se encuentra asociado con un mayor riesgo de presentar TDM, sobre todo si el dominio psicológico está afectado, por lo cual es necesario que el personal de salud identifique estas alteraciones y brinde un manejo temprano en esta etapa de la vida.
ABSTRACT Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) can occur during the onset of the menopause, varying its prevalence according to different clinical and sociodemographic risk factors; presenting a greater association with the existence of alterations in the menopausal symptomatology. Given this, we will seek to determine the risk to develop MDD by presenting alterations in the menopausal symptoms Methodology: It is an analytical cross-sectional design that included 252 women beginning their menopause (48±1.7 years old), and who were attended in health centers of Guadalajara, Jalisco. The analyzed variables were their sociodemographic background, using the Beck Depression Inventory to identify the MDD and the Menopause Rating Scale to determine alterations in the main symptomatological domains of the menopause. Descriptive and association analyzes were performed by means of Odds Ratio (OR), subsequently applying a logistic regression model. Results: The prevalence of MDD was 40.5%, with significant associations with the history of contraceptive use and the worsening of menopausal symptoms. The adjusted analysis allowed us to determine that there is more risk for developing MDD when there were alterations in the symptomatological domains, such as in the somatic (OR 3.96, 95% CI 1.58-9.95), the urogenital (OR 4.29, IC95% 2.13-8.65) and in the psychological (OR 13.55, IC95% 3.97-46.30). Conclusion: The presence of alterations in the menopausal symptomatology is associated with an increased risk of developing MDD, especially if the psychological domain is affected, which is why it is necessary for health personnel to identify these alterations and provide early management in this stage of live.
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Humanos , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Menopausia/psicología , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/diagnóstico , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/psicología , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Psicometría , Calidad de Vida , Factores Socioeconómicos , Estudios Transversales , Factores de Riesgo , MéxicoRESUMEN
RESUMEN Introducción: Los hábitos y la ingesta alimentaria saludable en la población son esenciales en el individuo, principalmente los correspondientes a frutas y verduras por los beneficios que proporcionan a la salud. Objetivo: Determinar los hábitos y la ingesta en frutas y verduras en estudiantes. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal realizado en 218 estudiantes de educación superior (de 18 a 30 años). Se utilizó un instrumento validado y confiable, para medir los hábitos e ingesta de alimentos. Resultados: Las frutas, como parte de alimentos entre comidas, fueron preferentemente ingeridas por las mujeres más que por los hombres (p= 0,006); fueron ingeridas por todos los estudiantes, preferentemente por los >25 años que por los menores a esta edad (p= 0,05). Las mujeres tuvieron una mayor ingesta de verduras que los hombres (p= 0,07). La preparación de alimentos para su consumo es realizada principalmente por mujeres; y más del 50% los consume fuera de casa. Conclusión: La ingesta en frutas y verduras se encontró por debajo de los 400 g recomendados por la OMS en todos los casos, aún en el grupo de mujeres que las consumieron más entre comidas.
ABSTRACT Background: Eating habits and healthy dietary intake in the population are essential, especially the intake of fruit and vegetable for their health benefits. Therefore, the aim of this work was to understand the habits and the intake of fruits and vegetables among students. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed, considering a sample of 218 university students (18 to 30 years old). A validated and reliable instrument was used to measure food consumption and food preparation habits. Results: Fruits as a snack between meals were ingested by more women than men (p= 0.006), the ingestion of fruits was more common among students >25 years compared to younger students (p= 0.05). Women reported a higher intake of vegetables compared to men (p= 0.07). Women mainly prepared food and more than 50% ate outside the home. Conclusion: The ingestion of fruits and vegetables was below WHO recommendations (400 g), even in the group of women who consumed fruit as a snack.
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Estudiantes , Verduras , Dieta , Ingestión de Alimentos , Universidades , Conducta Alimentaria , FrutasRESUMEN
ResumenIntroducción: Las quemaduras son un problema de salud pública ubicado dentro de las 20 principales causas de morbilidad en México. Uno de los grupos más vulnerables son los niños. Al realizar un análisis de los casos, se aporta para un mejor entendimiento del problema y pueden generarse medidas preventivas al respecto. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el perfil epidemiológico de niños con quemaduras que ingresan a la Unidad de Niños con Quemaduras del Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca.Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal que incluyó características demográficas del lesionado, de sus padres y de las quemaduras de niños atendidos durante 2009 a 2011. El análisis estadístico se llevó a cabo mediante el cálculo de frecuencias absolutas, proporciones e intervalos de confianza de 95%.Resultados: El perfil epidemiológico de los niños lesionados fue principalmente de varones (63.4%) menores de cinco años de edad (65.2%), con escolaridad de acuerdo con su edad (69.2%); hijos de padres menores de 35 años con escolaridad básica. Las lesiones fueron causadas por agua (56.2%) durante el lapso de las 12 p.m. a las 11:59 p.m. (73.0%) produciendo quemaduras de segundo grado superficial y profundo o menores (69.2%) que afectaron menos del 20% de la superficie corporal total (74.5%).Conclusiones: Este perfil epidemiológico permite ampliar el panorama de las acciones preventivas, iniciando con investigaciones científicas que orienten el rumbo que se debe seguir, trabajando conjuntamente con instituciones públicas y privadas en la elaboración de programas y estrategias, así como el establecimiento de una política pública para lesiones no intencionales.
AbstractBackground: Burns are a public health problem, ranking among the 20 principal causes of morbidity in Mexico. Children are a more vulnerable group to suffer from these injuries. For that reason, we analyzed cases in order to gain a better comprehension and to propose preventive measures for this problem. The aim of the study was to determine the epidemiological profile of those injuries to allow us to plan and implement actions for burn prevention.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study that included demographic characteristics of the child, the parents and the burn injuries from children treated at this Burn Unit. Statistical analysis was done to calculate amounts, proportions and 95% confidence intervals.Results: The epidemiological profile of the injuries included males (63.4%) <5 years of age (65.2%) with educational level according to their age (56.2%). Parents of the included children were <35 years old with basic educational level. Burns were caused by hot water (56.2%) and occurred between noon and midnight (73.0%). The majority of the burns were shallow and deep second-degree or minor (69.2%) and affected <20% of body surface area (74.5%).Conclusions: This epidemiological profile paved the way for preventive actions beginning with scientific research to guide the actions in a progressive direction along with the cooperative actions of public and private institutions in the development of programs and strategies. The end result would be the establishment of a public policy for accidental injuries.
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BACKGROUND: Burns are a public health problem, ranking among the 20 principal causes of morbidity in Mexico. Children are a more vulnerable group to suffer from these injuries. For that reason, we analyzed cases in order to gain a better comprehension and to propose preventive measures for this problem. The aim of the study was to determine the epidemiological profile of those injuries to allow us to plan and implement actions for burn prevention. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study that included demographic characteristics of the child, the parents and the burn injuries from children treated at this Burn Unit. Statistical analysis was done to calculate amounts, proportions and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: The epidemiological profile of the injuries included males (63.4%) <5 years of age (65.2%) with educational level according to their age (56.2%). Parents of the included children were <35 years old with basic educational level. Burns were caused by hot water (56.2%) and occurred between noon and midnight (73.0%). The majority of the burns were shallow and deep second-degree or minor (69.2%) and affected <20% of body surface area (74.5%). CONCLUSIONS: This epidemiological profile paved the way for preventive actions beginning with scientific research to guide the actions in a progressive direction along with the cooperative actions of public and private institutions in the development of programs and strategies. The end result would be the establishment of a public policy for accidental injuries.
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OBJECTIVE: Analyze risk factors for drowning deaths in tanks, from home, for children between one and four years, residents of the metropolitan area of Guadalajara and the neighboring municipalities in the period 2009-2011. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Case-control study, 28 children (cases) between one and four years old, whose cause of death was drowning in the well of your home, from 2009-2011, in the metropolitan zone of Guadalajara and the neighboring municipalities, and 113 children (controls) of the same age, if neighbors whose homes had cistern. Deaths were classified with W73 and W74 codes from International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD 10th). A questionnaire for variables: age and sex of child; age, marital status, occupation and education of the household head and mother; housing conditions; and location, type and segurity cistern lid, and forms the removal of water therefrom. RESULTS: The rate of drowning deaths, age-specific, was 2.7 deaths per 100,000 children between one and four years of age during the study period. The ages of two and three years had the greatest risk of drowning. Sex had a predominance of children, two girls one over. The heads of families and mothers of cases were younger (< 29 years), with maximum secondary schooling. Most of the houses had not finished complete. The characteristics of de well, as metal lid,foil or plastic, the lack of assurance of the tank and the location of the cover, crossing sites, showed association with death by drowning. The absence of a pump to draw water in cases the proved statistically more significant with p = 0.002. CONCLUSION: The results of our study show the presence of drowning deaths in children between one and four years associated with the type of cistern cover, the locking mechanism, a way of extracting the water and the location of the well, and thus the need to implement preventive measures in education and engineering, to reduce or avoid the risk of death by suffocation in the study group.
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Ahogamiento/mortalidad , Pozos de Agua , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
AIM: To analyze the mortality trend by accidental falls in Mexico, from 1979 to 2010. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used official mortality data in México. Variables included were mortality cause, place of lesion, age, sex, year of mortality registration, size of the town of occurrence, state, occupation, workplace falls. RESULTS: During that period, 124,509 deaths by accidental and intentional falls were registered; of these 77.03% were men. From 1989 (3.20 per 100,000) to 2010 (1.99 per 100,000), the mortality trend was falling (ß = -0.053/ 100,000, p ≤ 0.001). In the majority of states, we found a decreased between 1993-1997 and 2006 to 2010, except in Aguascalientes, Puebla, Baja California Sur, Durango and Nuevo León. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study in México that showed the descending trend of mortality in accidental falls in the last two decades.
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Accidentes por Caídas/mortalidad , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Análisis por Conglomerados , Femenino , Fracturas Espontáneas/epidemiología , Homicidio/estadística & datos numéricos , Homicidio/tendencias , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mortalidad/tendencias , Traumatismos Ocupacionales/mortalidad , Riesgo , Distribución por Sexo , Suicidio/estadística & datos numéricos , Suicidio/tendencias , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Identifying the work environment and health of children working in the Felipe Angeles market in Guadalajara. METHODOLOGY: This was a descriptive study which included 198 children working in the aforementioned market. A questionnaire was used which asked about the sociodemographic variables, the work environment and the health of such children. RESULTS: The children working in the market were predominantly male (89.9 %), aged 6 to 17 years old, residing in Guadalajara; 71 % were attending school. 83 % of the children had started working in the market between 7 to 10 years old and 75 % had worked there for 1 year or more. Workdays lasted all week, without rest in 50 % of the cases. The children perceived health risks as concerning abrasion, contusion, fractures, being run over and other psychosocial types related to becoming the victims of theft or becoming addicts. CONCLUSIONS: The children's work environment and health were not suitable for their age and affected their physical and psychosocial state as the site had deficient architecture making it impossible to carry out activities appropriate for their age and provoked workplace risk for which there was no prevention.
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Protección a la Infancia/estadística & datos numéricos , Empleo/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Traumatismos Ocupacionales/epidemiología , Adolescente , Niño , Comercio , Femenino , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Traumatismos Ocupacionales/etiología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe the trends in burn-related mortality rates in Mexico from 1979-2009. METHODS: Burn-related mortality standardized rates and trends were estimated from official mortality data in Mexico. Variables included were:age, sex, federal state and year of death. RESULTS: From 1979-2009, 33,333 burn-related deaths were registered. During this period, the burn-mortality rate decreased, stating from a rate of 2.32/100,000 in 1979 and dropping to 0.72/100,000 in 2007, but in 2008 and 2009 the mortality rates occurred in the states of Baja California, Chihuahua, Baja California Sur,Sonora and Durango, all of these states in the northwest of Mexico. Men were twice as likely as women to die from burns. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality caused by burns in Mexico presents a descendent tendency in most of the states of the Country, with the exception of the northwest region, which may be related to the lack of specialized units in the treatment of burn distance between the population centers and the specialized attention units.
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Quemaduras/mortalidad , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mortalidad/tendencias , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe mortality trends from drowning in children younger than 5 years old. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mortality records of children younger than 5 years old were obtained from the National Health Information (SINAIS) system of Mexico from 1979 to 2008. Cause of death by asphyxia was established according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD 9th and 10th). We analyzed age, sex, federal state, year and place where the event occurred. RESULTS: Fatal drowning diminished from 7.64 in 1979 to 3.59 deaths per 100,000 in 2008. This trend was observed throughout the assessment period and in all federal states. Children younger than 2 years showed the highest rate of death. Mortality was higher in males than females (1.7:1). A great proportion of events happen at home. CONCLUSION: Drowning mortality among children less than 5 years old in Mexico shows a downward trend in all states.
Asunto(s)
Ahogamiento/mortalidad , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Objetivo Identificar las condiciones de trabajo y salud de los menores que trabajan en el mercado Felipe Ángeles de la Ciudad de Guadalajara. Metodología Se realizó un estudio descriptivo a 198 menores de 18 años de edad que desempeñaban alguna actividad laboral en dicho mercado. Se aplicó una encuesta que incluía variables sociodemográficas de los menores, de condiciones del trabajo y de salud. Resultados Los menores de que laboran en este mercado son principalmente hombres (89,9 %) con edades de entre 6 a 17 años, residentes de Guadalajara, 71 % asiste a la escuela. El 83 % de los niños iniciaron sus actividades laborales en el mercado entre los 7 y 10 años y 75 % de ellos llevan 1 año o más trabajando. La jornada laboral va de lunes a domingo en el 50 % de los casos. Los riesgos a la salud percibidos y presentados por los menores son lesiones durante la jornada laboral tales como abrasión, contusión, fracturas, atropellamiento; y las relacionadas con el aspecto psicosocial como son ser víctimas de robo o ser sujetos vulnerables para iniciarse en la drogadicción. Conclusiones Las condiciones de trabajo y salud en que laboran los menores no son adecuadas para su edad y afectan su desarrollo físico y psicosocial, ya que el sitio donde trabajan tiene deficiencias en la estructura arquitectónica, les impide la realización de actividades propias de su edad y los somete a riesgos laborales para los que no existe prevención.
Objective Identifying the work environment and health of children working in the Felipe Angeles market in Guadalajara. Methodology This was a descriptive study which included 198 children working in the aforementioned market. A questionnaire was used which asked about the sociodemographic variables, the work environment and the health of such children. Results The children working in the market were predominantly male (89.9 %), aged 6 to 17 years old, residing in Guadalajara; 71 % were attending school. 83 % of the children had started working in the market between 7 to 10 years old and 75 % had worked there for 1 year or more. Workdays lasted all week, without rest in 50 % of the cases. The children perceived health risks as concerning abrasion, contusion, fractures, being run over and other psychosocial types related to becoming the victims of theft or becoming addicts. Conclusions The children's work environment and health were not suitable for their age and affected their physical and psychosocial state as the site had deficient architecture making it impossible to carry out activities appropriate for their age and provoked workplace risk for which there was no prevention.