RESUMEN
Several studies have assessed the therapeutic potential of natural products against mastitis, but only a few have evaluated the impacts of this alternative therapy on the main properties of milk and dairy products. In this study, we observed how the treatment of mastitis with ethanolic extract of Jatobá (Hymenaea martiana Hayne) influenced the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of coalho cheese. An ointment containing the ethanolic extract was prepared for intramammary use in six dairy goats. The experiment was conducted in three experimental moments. Milking was performed, manually, and both milk and cheese were subjected to physicochemical and sensory tests. No difference was observed (p>0.05) in the physicochemical aspects of milk between the studied groups. The solids-non-fat showed a statistical difference between experimental moments M1 and M2. The protein means varied from 3.33 to 3.62, and there was a statistical difference between the two moments, while the lactose means varied from 4.79 to 5.38%. The physicochemical aspects of cheese remained similar with both treatments. Except for appearance, the sensory characteristics showed no statistical difference. In conclusion, the use of Jatobá extract ointment did not influence the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of goat milk or cheese.
A mastite representa uma das principais enfermidades nos rebanhos de caprinos leiteiros, com implicações na produção de leite e na qualidade final dos derivados. Objetivou-se observar a influência do tratamento da mastite com o extrato etanólico da Hymenaea martiana Hayne sobre as características físico-químicas e sensoriais do queijo tipo coalho. Uma pomada contendo extrato foi elaborada para uso intramamário em seis fêmeas caprinas especializadas na produção de leite. As metades esquerdas dos tetos das cabras receberam essa infusão, enquanto a metade direita era controle. O experimento foi conduzido em três momentos experimentais. Realizou-se ordenha manual e análise físico-química do leite. Para o queijo, foram realizados testes físico-químicos e teste sensorial. Quantos aos aspectos físico-químicos do leite, é possível afirmar que não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os grupos. Houve diferença estatística para sólidos não gordurosos nos momentos experimentais M1 e M2. As médias de proteína variaram entre 3,33 e 3,62, e houve diferença estatística em dois momentos. As médias de lactose variaram entre 4,79% e 5,38%. Os aspectos físico-químicos do queijo mantiveram resultados similares entre os dois tratamentos. Os parâmetros sensoriais para o queijo coalho de cabra não tiveram diferença estatística entre os tratamentos, contudo a aparência se destacou em relação aos demais parâmetros sensoriais. O uso da pomada elaborada com extrato de jatobá não interferiu sobre as características físico-químicas do leite de cabra e sobre as características físico-químicas e sensoriais do queijo tipo coalho de cabra.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Embarazo , Cabras , Extractos Vegetales , Hymenaea , Mastitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Pomadas , Queso/análisis , Industria LecheraRESUMEN
Resumen Introducción: La pericarditis es la enfermedad del pericardio más presente en la práctica médica. La pericarditis purulenta representa el 5% de ellas, con una mortalidad de hasta el 40%. Caso Clínico: Se presenta un paciente masculino, de 27 años de edad, con antecedentes de hipotiroidismo que ingresa con tos y expectoración amarillenta, asociado a fiebre, que resolvió con tratamiento antibiótico. Un mes después, reingresa con dolor abdominal, astenia y disnea intensa que no tolera el decúbito. Se indica ecocardiograma, que diagnostica derrame pericárdico severo, con colapso de cavidades derechas. Se procedió a pericardiocentesis de emergencia, donde se extrajeron 450 mililitros de líquido purulento. En el seguimiento ecocardiográfico a las 48 h, se observa aumento del derrame, por lo que se decide tratamiento quirúrgico, mediante toracotomía anterolateral izquierda, encontrando derrame purulento y engrosamiento pericárdico de 6 mm, con múltiples adherencias. Se indica pericardiectomía parcial. El paciente evolucionó favorablemente, egresándose 7 días posteriores a la cirugía.
Introduction: Pericarditis is frecuent pericardial disease in medical practice. The purulent pericarditis represents 5%, with a mortality of up to 40%. Case Report: We present a male patient, 27 years old, with a history of hypothyroidism that enters with cough and yellowish expectoration, associated with fever, resolved with antibiotic treatment. One month later, he reenters with abdominal pain, asthenia and intense dyspnea that does not tolerate decubitus. Echocardiogram diagnosed severe pericardial effusion, with collapse of right cavities. Emergency pericardiocentesis was performed and 450 milliliters of purulent fluid were extracted. In the echocardiographic follow-up at 48 hours, an increase in the effusion was observed, was decided surgical treatment by left anterolateral thoracotomy, finding purulent effusion and pericardial thickening of 6 mm, with multiple adhesions. Partial pericardiectomy is indicated. The patient evolved favorably, leaving 7 days after surgery.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pericarditis/cirugía , Pericarditis/complicaciones , Pericardiectomía/métodos , Pericardiocentesis/métodos , Pericarditis/etiología , Pericarditis/tratamiento farmacológico , Pericardio/patología , Pronóstico , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Resultado del Tratamiento , Antibacterianos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Bulls are of great importance in the productive chain and for this reason they should have a good semen quality. There is no doubt that sperm morphology is very important to bull fertility, although little is known about how exactly the abnormal morphologies may affect sperm functions. OBJECTIVES: To detail the morphological description of the aplastic midpiece defect (AMD), as well as to understand its consequences for male fertility based on membrane and acrosome status, mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA integrity parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The bulls were divided into two groups: control, consisting of satisfactory potential breeders (n = 3); and AMD, consisting of unsatisfactory potential breeders with a high percentage of AMD (n = 3). Bulls were evaluated by the breeding soundness evaluation; five ejaculates were collected from each animal and analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Spermatozoa from AMD group exhibited lower sperm motility and vigor (p < 0.05). In addition, it also exhibited lower mitochondrial membrane potential (p < 0.05), a higher percentage of spermatozoa with DNA fragmentation (p < 0.05), lower acrosome and plasma membrane integrity (p < 0.05), and higher lipid bilayer sperm membrane disorganization (p < 0.05) in comparison with control bulls. DISCUSSION: These findings may be due to oxidative stress and a reduction of the energy production capacity in addition to an alteration in the structural composition of the sperm cell. Moreover, semen with a high percentage of AMD may also be undergoing apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Bulls with a high percentage of AMD in their semen are not suitable for reproduction. Furthermore, it suggests there is a putative genetic basis for this sperm defect.
Asunto(s)
Bovinos , Fertilidad , Espermatozoides/anomalías , Animales , Masculino , Pieza Intermedia del Espermatozoide/patología , Espermatozoides/fisiologíaRESUMEN
The ability of "comfort-food" (CF) diet to revert long-term effects of early-life stress (ELS) is less well known. The objective of this study was to verify if the chronic exposure to CF diet in animals submitted to ELS could relief the stress response at behavioral, neuroendocrine, and neurobiochemical levels, via differences in glucocorticoid receptors expression in brain areas involved in the stress response. From the second day of life, litters of Wistar rats and their mothers were submitted to the reduced nesting material protocol (ELS). In adult life, ELS and a control group were exposed chronically to two diet schemes: standard rat chow only or both "CF" diet, containing fat (34%) and sugar (20%) and a diet similar to the standard diet. Anxiety-like behavior, neuroendocrine response stress, leptin, GR, SOCS-3, pSTAT3, and the abdominal fat were evaluated. The anxiety-like behavior results showed that ELS group when exposed to comfort food were not different from the others groups. Chronic exposure to CF diet induced an anxiety-like behavior in the control group. Groups chronically exposed to CF diet had lower levels of corticosterone over time independent of the neonatal group. The ELS group exposed to the "CF" diet had higher levels of hippocampal GR, lower levels of hypothalamic SOCS-3 and greater accumulation of abdominal fat. Chronic CF diet consumption is able to reduce corticosterone levels independent of the neonatal history, but is associated with anxiety-like behavior in animals without previous history of trauma. Metabolic disturbances like increased adiposity and altered SOCS-3 seem to be a result of multiple insults (neonatal trauma followed by chronic CF diet). We highlight that the Control-chow and ELS-chow data were previously published, and are included in this study for comparative analysis.
Asunto(s)
Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia/psicología , Ansiedad/metabolismo , Conducta Alimentaria/psicología , Estrés Psicológico/metabolismo , Adiposidad , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Ansiedad/sangre , Ansiedad/etiología , Ansiedad/psicología , Corticosterona/sangre , Corticosterona/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Hipocampo/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Ratas , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Estrés Psicológico/sangre , Estrés Psicológico/etiología , Estrés Psicológico/psicologíaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of EGUS and to quantify serum gastrin levels in jumping horses during competition season and interseason period. Forty jumping horses, competing at high level were randomly allocated into two groups, the Training Group: twenty jumping horses undergoing intense training and participating in competitions, and the Rest Group: twenty jumping horses in the interseason (resting period). The gastroscopic examinations and blood samples of the horses in the training group were performed 1-2 days following the competition while in the horses of the rest group, following 4 weeks of rest. The serum gastrin levels were measured at two different times: pre-feeding and two hours after feeding the horses (postprandial) by ELISA kit. Gastric lesion score data were compared by the Mann-Whitney U test (α= 0.05) and the mean gastrin values were compared between the groups and between the two moments by the paired tet tests, respectively (α= 0, 05). Squamous gastric ulcers were detected in 42.5% of all jumping horses examined independent of the period, competition season or interseason. Serum gastrin levels were significantly higher in the Training Group with no difference between pre-feeding and postprandial values.(AU)
O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a ocorrência de EGUS e quantificar os níveis séricos de gastrina em cavalos de hipismo durante a época de competições e o período de férias. Quarenta cavalos de hipismo de alta performance foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em dois grupos, grupo treinamento: vinte cavalos de hipismo submetidos a treinamento intenso e participando de competições, e grupo descanso: vinte cavalos de hipismo em férias (período de descanso). As avaliações gastroscópicas e as coletas de sangue dos cavalos em treinamento foram realizadas um ou dois dias após as competições, enquanto nos cavalos do grupo descanso foram realizadas após quatro semanas de repouso. Os níveis séricos de gastrina foram mensurados por kit de ELISA, em dois momentos: antes da alimentação e duas horas após. Os dados de escore das lesões gástricas foram comparados pela prova U de Mann-Whitney (α= 0,05) e os valores médios de gastrina foram comparados entre os grupos e entre os dois momentos pelos testes t e t pareado, respectivamente (α= 0,05). Foram encontradas úlceras gástricas em 42,5% de todos os cavalos examinados, independentemente do período de competições ou repouso. Os níveis séricos de gastrina foram significativamente maiores no grupo treinamento, sem diferença entre os períodos pré e pós-alimentação.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Úlcera Gástrica/veterinaria , Úlcera Gástrica/epidemiología , Gastrinas/sangre , Enfermedades de los Caballos/epidemiología , Endoscopía/veterinariaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of EGUS and to quantify serum gastrin levels in jumping horses during competition season and interseason period. Forty jumping horses, competing at high level were randomly allocated into two groups, the Training Group: twenty jumping horses undergoing intense training and participating in competitions, and the Rest Group: twenty jumping horses in the interseason (resting period). The gastroscopic examinations and blood samples of the horses in the training group were performed 1-2 days following the competition while in the horses of the rest group, following 4 weeks of rest. The serum gastrin levels were measured at two different times: pre-feeding and two hours after feeding the horses (postprandial) by ELISA kit. Gastric lesion score data were compared by the Mann-Whitney U test (α= 0.05) and the mean gastrin values were compared between the groups and between the two moments by the paired tet tests, respectively (α= 0, 05). Squamous gastric ulcers were detected in 42.5% of all jumping horses examined independent of the period, competition season or interseason. Serum gastrin levels were significantly higher in the Training Group with no difference between pre-feeding and postprandial values.(AU)
O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a ocorrência de EGUS e quantificar os níveis séricos de gastrina em cavalos de hipismo durante a época de competições e o período de férias. Quarenta cavalos de hipismo de alta performance foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em dois grupos, grupo treinamento: vinte cavalos de hipismo submetidos a treinamento intenso e participando de competições, e grupo descanso: vinte cavalos de hipismo em férias (período de descanso). As avaliações gastroscópicas e as coletas de sangue dos cavalos em treinamento foram realizadas um ou dois dias após as competições, enquanto nos cavalos do grupo descanso foram realizadas após quatro semanas de repouso. Os níveis séricos de gastrina foram mensurados por kit de ELISA, em dois momentos: antes da alimentação e duas horas após. Os dados de escore das lesões gástricas foram comparados pela prova U de Mann-Whitney (α= 0,05) e os valores médios de gastrina foram comparados entre os grupos e entre os dois momentos pelos testes t e t pareado, respectivamente (α= 0,05). Foram encontradas úlceras gástricas em 42,5% de todos os cavalos examinados, independentemente do período de competições ou repouso. Os níveis séricos de gastrina foram significativamente maiores no grupo treinamento, sem diferença entre os períodos pré e pós-alimentação.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Úlcera Gástrica/veterinaria , Úlcera Gástrica/epidemiología , Gastrinas/sangre , Enfermedades de los Caballos/epidemiología , Endoscopía/veterinariaRESUMEN
The goal of the present study was to investigate whether intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) affects brain responses to palatable foods and whether docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, an omega-3 fatty acid that is a primary structural component of the human brain) serum levels moderate the association between IUGR and brain and behavioral responses to palatable foods. Brain responses to palatable foods were investigated using a functional magnetic resonance imaging task in which participants were shown palatable foods, neutral foods and non-food items. Serum DHA was quantified in blood samples, and birth weight ratio (BWR) was used as a proxy for IUGR. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) was used to evaluate eating behaviors. In the contrast palatable food > neutral items, we found an activation in the right superior frontal gyrus with BWR as the most important predictor; the lower the BWR (indicative of IUGR), the greater the activation of this region involved in impulse control/decision making facing the viewing of palatable food pictures versus neutral items. At the behavioral level, a general linear model predicting external eating using the DEBQ showed a significant interaction between DHA and IUGR status; in IUGR individuals, the higher the serum DHA, the lower is external eating. In conclusion, we suggest that IUGR moderates brain responses when facing stimuli related to palatable foods, activating an area related to impulse control. Moreover, higher intake of n-3 PUFAs can protect IUGR individuals from developing inappropriate eating behaviors, the putative mechanism of protection would involve decreasing intake in response to external food cues in adolescents/young adults.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Dieta , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/sangre , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3 , Conducta Alimentaria , Retardo del Crecimiento Fetal/fisiopatología , Conducta Impulsiva , Adolescente , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Señales (Psicología) , Toma de Decisiones , Grasas de la Dieta , Femenino , Retardo del Crecimiento Fetal/metabolismo , Neuroimagen Funcional , Humanos , Modelos Lineales , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , FenotipoRESUMEN
Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) represents an obstacle for cancer diagnosis and treatment, but little is known about its functional role in cancer progression. The A Desintegrin And Metalloproteinase 23 (ADAM23) gene is epigenetically silenced in different types of tumors, and silencing is often associated with advanced disease and metastasis. Here, we show that invasive breast tumors exhibit significant ADAM23-ITH and that this heterogeneity is critical for tumor growth and metastasis. We demonstrate that while loss of ADAM23 expression enhances invasion, it causes a severe proliferative deficiency and is not itself sufficient to trigger metastasis. Rather, we observed that, in ADAM23-heterotypic environments, ADAM23-negative cells promote tumor growth and metastasis by enhancing the proliferation and invasion of adjacent A23-positive cells through the production of LGI4 (Leucine-rich Glioma Inactivated 4) and nitric oxide (NO). Ablation of LGI4 and NO in A23-negative cells significantly attenuates A23-positive cell proliferation and invasion. Our work denotes a driving role of ADAM23-ITH during disease progression, shifting the malignant phenotype from the cellular to the tissue level. Our findings also provide insights for therapeutic intervention, enforcing the need to ascertain ITH to improve cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas ADAM/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Proteínas de la Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Proteínas ADAM/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Metilación de ADN , Epigénesis Genética , Proteínas de la Matriz Extracelular/genética , Femenino , Silenciador del Gen , Humanos , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso , Carga Tumoral , Microambiente TumoralRESUMEN
Objetivou-se com este trabalho observar as mudanças do parênquima testicular de acordo com o fotoperíodo e com a faixa etária dos animais por meio da ecotextura testicular e a viabilidade do uso do ultrassom na avaliação testicular. Foram utilizados 4 animais desde o 6° até o 13° mês de idade. Os exames ecográficos foram realizados a cada 15 dias para avaliar a ecotextura testicular. O parênquima testicular mostrou-se moderadamente ecogênico e homogêneo. Foi observado comportamento semelhante na ecotextura testicular durante o período de avaliação, sendo maior no 8º mês de idade, quando o volume testicular também foi maior; tais mudanças foram relacionadas com o fotoperíodo da região. A avaliação ultrassonográfica dos testículos mostrou-se um método eficiente, capaz de detectar as mudanças no parênquima testicular ao longo do tempo, e como ferramenta alternativa para diferenciação de condições normais e patológicas em caprinos.(AU)
The purpose of this study was to observe changes in the testicular parenchyma of male goats. Changes were observed in terms of goat age, evaluating the echotexture and ultrasound viability in the testicles. Four animals were used, ranging from six to 13 months of age. The echographic examinations were performed every 15 days to assess echotexture of the testicle. The testicular parenchyma appeared moderately echogenic and homogeneous. Similar results were observed in testicular echotexture during the evaluation period. The highest results appearing during the eighth month of age, when the testicular volume was also highest; such changes were related to the regional photoperiod. The ultrasound evaluation of the testicles was shown to be an effective method, ultimately capable of detecting changes in testicular parenchyma over time, being an alternative to differentiation normal and pathological conditions in goats.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Cabras/anatomía & histología , Testículo/anatomía & histología , Testículo/crecimiento & desarrollo , Fotoperiodo , Ultrasonografía/veterinaria , BiometríaRESUMEN
Objetivou-se com este trabalho observar as mudanças do parênquima testicular de acordo com o fotoperíodo e com a faixa etária dos animais por meio da ecotextura testicular e a viabilidade do uso do ultrassom na avaliação testicular. Foram utilizados 4 animais desde o 6° até o 13° mês de idade. Os exames ecográficos foram realizados a cada 15 dias para avaliar a ecotextura testicular. O parênquima testicular mostrou-se moderadamente ecogênico e homogêneo. Foi observado comportamento semelhante na ecotextura testicular durante o período de avaliação, sendo maior no 8º mês de idade, quando o volume testicular também foi maior; tais mudanças foram relacionadas com o fotoperíodo da região. A avaliação ultrassonográfica dos testículos mostrou-se um método eficiente, capaz de detectar as mudanças no parênquima testicular ao longo do tempo, e como ferramenta alternativa para diferenciação de condições normais e patológicas em caprinos...
The purpose of this study was to observe changes in the testicular parenchyma of male goats. Changes were observed in terms of goat age, evaluating the echotexture and ultrasound viability in the testicles. Four animals were used, ranging from six to 13 months of age. The echographic examinations were performed every 15 days to assess echotexture of the testicle. The testicular parenchyma appeared moderately echogenic and homogeneous. Similar results were observed in testicular echotexture during the evaluation period. The highest results appearing during the eighth month of age, when the testicular volume was also highest; such changes were related to the regional photoperiod. The ultrasound evaluation of the testicles was shown to be an effective method, ultimately capable of detecting changes in testicular parenchyma over time, being an alternative to differentiation normal and pathological conditions in goats...
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Cabras/anatomía & histología , Fotoperiodo , Testículo/anatomía & histología , Testículo/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ultrasonografía/veterinariaRESUMEN
An evaluation of the electrocardiographic profile of 50 clinically healthy Quarter Horses, with ages ranging from six months to 28 years old, 34 females and 16 males, was performed. Heart rate has not decreased with age, and duration of the QRS complex increased with the growth of the animal. The amplitude of the S and T1 waves were higher in male subjects than in female Quarter Horses.(AU)
Avaliou-se o perfil eletrocardiográfico de 50 equinos da raça Quarto de Milha, clinicamente sadios, com idades variando de seis meses a 28 anos, sendo 34 fêmeas e 16 machos. A frequência cardíaca não diminuiu com a idade, e a duração do complexo QRS aumentou ao longo do crescimento do animal. A amplitude das ondas S e T1 foram maiores nos indivíduos machos do que nas fêmeas da raça Quarto de Milha.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Electrocardiografía , Electrocardiografía/veterinaria , Arritmias Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Arritmias Cardíacas/veterinaria , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/veterinariaRESUMEN
An evaluation of the electrocardiographic profile of 50 clinically healthy Quarter Horses, with ages ranging from six months to 28 years old, 34 females and 16 males, was performed. Heart rate has not decreased with age, and duration of the QRS complex increased with the growth of the animal. The amplitude of the S and T1 waves were higher in male subjects than in female Quarter Horses.
Avaliou-se o perfil eletrocardiográfico de 50 equinos da raça Quarto de Milha, clinicamente sadios, com idades variando de seis meses a 28 anos, sendo 34 fêmeas e 16 machos. A frequência cardíaca não diminuiu com a idade, e a duração do complexo QRS aumentou ao longo do crescimento do animal. A amplitude das ondas S e T1 foram maiores nos indivíduos machos do que nas fêmeas da raça Quarto de Milha.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Arritmias Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Arritmias Cardíacas/veterinaria , Electrocardiografía , Electrocardiografía/veterinaria , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/veterinariaRESUMEN
A high occurrence rate of consanguineous marriages may favour the onset and increased frequency of autosomal recessive diseases in a population. The population of Monte Santo, Bahia, Brazil, has a high frequency of rare genetic diseases such as mucopolysaccharidosis type VI, whose observed frequency in this population is 1:5000, while the incidence of this disease recorded in other regions of the world varies from 1:43,261 in Turkey to 1:1,505,160 in Switzerland. To verify the influence of consanguineous marriage on the increased frequency of observed genetic diseases in this population, the population structure and frequency of different types of marriage during different time periods were evaluated. A total of 9765 marriages were found in an analysis of parish marriage records from the city. Over three periods, 1860-1895, 1950-1961 and 1975-2010, the inbreeding rates were 37.1%, 13.2% and 4.2% respectively. Although there was a high rate of inbreeding, endogamic marriages were the dominant marriage type in all three periods. In the most recent period, there was an increase in the number of exogamous marriages and those among immigrants, but most of these occurred among individuals from cities that neighbour Monte Santo. The low rate of migration and high frequency of endogamic and consanguineous marriages show that growth of this population is predominantly internal and could explain the occurrence, and increase in frequency, of recessive genetic diseases in the city.
Asunto(s)
Consanguinidad , Enfermedades Genéticas Congénitas/epidemiología , Matrimonio/estadística & datos numéricos , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Enfermedades Genéticas Congénitas/etiología , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Dinámica PoblacionalRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Point-of-care (POC) devices have been widely adopted for monitoring prothrombin time (PT) (INR) following the demonstration of their accuracy compared to standard INR determination. However, guidelines suggest confirmation of POC results when INRs increase above therapeutic range, due to concerns regarding possible inferior performance of POC devices in high INR levels. Unfortunately, patients with supra-therapeutic INRs are underrepresented in studies that validated these devices. METHODS: We performed a prospective evaluation of the performance of a POC device in monitoring oral anticoagulation in patients with INR values above 3.5 in a University outpatient anticoagulation clinic. During a 6-month period, 2322 INR determinations were performed with a POC device, and results above 3.5 were immediately repeated on an automated coagulometer. RESULTS: Dual INR determinations by two methods were obtained in 160 visits, with a mean INR from the POC device of 4.52 ± 0.96. Both classical statistics and clinical concordance analysis yielded satisfactory results when the two methods were compared. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that POC devices present good correlation with standard laboratory methods for PT determination in supra-therapeutic INRs and that differences in clinical management do not support the need for systematic confirmation of these results in nonbleeding patients.
Asunto(s)
Relación Normalizada Internacional , Sistemas de Atención de Punto/normas , Tiempo de Protrombina/instrumentación , Tiempo de Protrombina/normas , Humanos , Relación Normalizada Internacional/instrumentación , Relación Normalizada Internacional/normasRESUMEN
This study evaluated the levels of bone morphogenetic protein receptors BMPRIB and BMPRII mRNA in goat follicles and the effects of bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP-15) on the in vitro development of cultured preantral follicles. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to analyze the levels of BMPRIB and BMPRII mRNA in caprine preantral follicles and in small and large antral follicles. Preantral follicles (≥150 µm) were also isolated from goat ovaries and cultured for 18 days in α-MEM(+) supplemented with or without BMP-15 (10, 50, or 100 ng/ml). At the end of culture, some follicles were fixed for ultrastructural evaluation. Real-time PCR showed a reduction in BMPRII mRNA levels from the primary to secondary follicles. Higher levels of BMPRIB mRNA were observed in granulosa/theca cells from large antral follicles compared with small antral follicles. Moreover, BMPRII mRNA was expressed to a greater extent in cumulus-oocyte complexes from large antral follicles than in their respective granulosa/theca cells. In culture, 50 ng/ml BMP-15 positively influenced antral cavity formation and follicle growth after 18 days and also maintained follicular integrity. Thus, BMPRIB and BMPRII mRNAs are present in all follicular categories. BMP-15 (50 ng/ml) stimulates growth, antrum formation and the ultrastructural integrity of isolated caprine preantral follicles after 18 days of culture.
Asunto(s)
Proteína Morfogenética Ósea 15/farmacología , Receptores de Proteínas Morfogenéticas Óseas de Tipo II/genética , Receptores de Proteínas Morfogenéticas Óseas de Tipo 1/genética , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Folículo Ovárico/crecimiento & desarrollo , Folículo Ovárico/metabolismo , Animales , Receptores de Proteínas Morfogenéticas Óseas de Tipo 1/metabolismo , Receptores de Proteínas Morfogenéticas Óseas de Tipo II/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Cabras/genética , Humanos , Meiosis/efectos de los fármacos , Microscopía Fluorescente , Oocitos/citología , Oocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Oocitos/metabolismo , Folículo Ovárico/citología , Folículo Ovárico/ultraestructura , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Técnicas de Cultivo de Tejidos , Supervivencia Tisular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Alternative methods to evaluate the joint condition in asymptomatic osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) and other joint diseases may be useful. OBJECTIVES: To investigate possible changes in synovial fluid composition that may lead to joint conditions in asymptomatic OCD, in mature horses. METHODS: Animals aged >2 years, of different breeds, with OCD in the intermediate ridge of distal tibia, symptomatic or not, were studied. Synovial fluid samples (10 healthy; 11 asymptomatic OCD; 25 symptomatic OCD) were collected by arthroscopy from 29 horses. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were analysed by a combination of agarose gel electrophoresis and enzymatic degradation with specific GAG lyases. The viscosity, white blood cell (WBC) count, protein concentration and hyaluronic acid (HA) molecular weight were also determined. RESULTS: The method used here to analyse synovial fluid GAGs is reliable, reproducible and specific. The main synovial fluid GAGs are HA and chondroitin sulphate (CS), 93% and 7% respectively in normal horses. In symptomatic OCD, the concentrations of both increased (expressed as GAG/urea ratios), but CS increased more. The CS increased also in asymptomatic OCD. An inflammatory reaction was suggested by the increased WBC counts in OCD. The molecular weight of the synovial fluid HA was reduced in OCD, explaining the lower viscosity observed. CONCLUSIONS: The increased CS in synovial fluid of OCD joints in mature horses suggests that the synovial fluid CS and the WBC count are good markers of the joint conditions, allowing the identification of pathological phase in joint diseases. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: The analysis of synovial fluid GAGs shows that cartilage damage occurs even in asymptomatic OCD, implying that arthroscopic removal of osteochondral fragments should be performed even in asymptomatic OCD.
Asunto(s)
Sulfatos de Condroitina/química , Enfermedades de los Caballos/tratamiento farmacológico , Articulaciones/metabolismo , Osteocondrosis/veterinaria , Líquido Sinovial/química , Animales , Sulfatos de Condroitina/metabolismo , Femenino , Caballos , Ácido Hialurónico/química , Ácido Hialurónico/metabolismo , Masculino , Osteocondrosis/metabolismo , Osteocondrosis/patología , Proteínas/química , Proteínas/metabolismo , Urea/química , Urea/metabolismo , ViscosidadRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The trophoblastic migration/invasion are controlled by cytokines and growth factors that use intracellular pathways of signal to promote the regulation of gene expression, proliferation, cells differentiation, angiogenesis and embryonic development. The most important mediator of cytokine in trophoblastic invasion is the Janus-Kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT). STATs are amino acids, compounds of 700-850 variable long-chain with isoforms α and ß and molecular weight between 83-113kDa. The role of these factors in the pregnancy set up may contribute to adopt interventions that could contribute to prophylaxis and/or treatment of abnormalities in the course of gestation when installed early. OBJECTIVES: Search on database the role of STAT in the process of trophoblastic invasion with emphasis on subunits STAT1 and STAT3. METHODS: This is a review performed on PubMed database. Have been included Studies found from 1992 (the year of discovery of STATs) until July 2011, without language restriction. The descriptors were: "Signal transducers and activators of transcription "and" Trophoblast". In the end we excluded bibliographical review. RESULTS: Five of the six selected papers studied the role of STAT3 in the physiology of the trophoblastc invasion process. One of them, indirectly by selection process of lactobacilli of vaginal flora endogenous, during change of vaginal pH on pregnancy, altering the release of greater or lesser number of Interleukin-10 which modulates the activation JAK/STAT. Among them, one of the study refers to involvement of STAT1 in the immunomodulation of interface fetus-mother. CONCLUSION: STAT3 is directly involved in the process of trophoblast invasion either in its endometrium adherence to, angiogenesis, invasion and regulation of invasion. And STAT1 is involved in immunomodulation through its suppression by trophoblast STAT utron. Several soluble factors that are generally present in the decidua, especially hepatocyte growth factor, granulocyte macrophagocytic-colony stimulating factors, interleukin-6, interleukin-11 and inhibition leukemia factor , which have been described by using the JAK-STAT activating STAT1 and STAT3 for intracellular signaling and from this process may influence the invasion trophoblast.
RESUMEN
The etiology of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is multifactorial and multigenic. Studies have suggested that polymorphisms and mutations in the surfactant protein B (SP-B) gene are associated with the pathogenesis of RDS. The objectives of this study were to determine and compare the frequencies of SP-B gene polymorphisms in preterm babies with and without RDS. We studied 151 neonates: 79 preterm babies without RDS and 72 preterm newborns with RDS. The following four SP-B gene polymorphisms were analyzed: A/C at -18, C/T at 1580, A/G at 9306, and G/C at nucleotide 8714. The polymorphisms were detected by PCR amplification of genomic DNA and genotyping. The genotypes were determined using PCR-based converted restriction fragment length polymorphisms. The control group consisted of 42 (53 percent) girls and 37 (47 percent) boys. Weight ranged from 1170 to 3260 g and mean gestational age (GA) was 33.9 weeks (range: 29 to 35 weeks and 6 days). The RDS group consisted of 31 (43 percent) girls and 41 (57 percent) boys. Weight ranged from 614 to 2410 g and mean GA was 32 weeks (range: 26 to 35 weeks). The logistic regression model showed that GA was the variable that most contributed to the occurrence of RDS. The AG genotype of the A/G polymorphism at position 9306 of the SP-B gene was a protective factor in this population (OR = 0.1681; 95 percentCI = 0.0426-0.6629). We did not detect differences in the frequencies of the other polymorphisms between the two groups of newborns.
Asunto(s)
Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Proteína B Asociada a Surfactante Pulmonar/genética , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria del Recién Nacido/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
The etiology of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is multifactorial and multigenic. Studies have suggested that polymorphisms and mutations in the surfactant protein B (SP-B) gene are associated with the pathogenesis of RDS. The objectives of this study were to determine and compare the frequencies of SP-B gene polymorphisms in preterm babies with and without RDS. We studied 151 neonates: 79 preterm babies without RDS and 72 preterm newborns with RDS. The following four SP-B gene polymorphisms were analyzed: A/C at -18, C/T at 1580, A/G at 9306, and G/C at nucleotide 8714. The polymorphisms were detected by PCR amplification of genomic DNA and genotyping. The genotypes were determined using PCR-based converted restriction fragment length polymorphisms. The control group consisted of 42 (53%) girls and 37 (47%) boys. Weight ranged from 1170 to 3260 g and mean gestational age (GA) was 33.9 weeks (range: 29 to 35 weeks and 6 days). The RDS group consisted of 31 (43%) girls and 41 (57%) boys. Weight ranged from 614 to 2410 g and mean GA was 32 weeks (range: 26 to 35 weeks). The logistic regression model showed that GA was the variable that most contributed to the occurrence of RDS. The AG genotype of the A/G polymorphism at position 9306 of the SP-B gene was a protective factor in this population (OR = 0.1681; 95%CI = 0.0426-0.6629). We did not detect differences in the frequencies of the other polymorphisms between the two groups of newborns.
Asunto(s)
Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Proteína B Asociada a Surfactante Pulmonar/genética , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria del Recién Nacido/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
A mutation described as a G-to-A transition has been reported in SDF-1 gene (SDF1-3'A), being prevalent in all ethnic groups, except in Africans. This mutation is associated with the onset of AIDS progression. Our aim was to identify the frequency of this allele in different groups from Brazil: Tiriyó and Waiampi Amerindian tribes (Asian ancestry); selected blood donors from Joinville (German descendents); and from Salvador (predominance of African and Portuguese mixture). SDF1-3'A was screened by PCR/RFLP with MspI enzyme. Our results showed a high allelic frequency in Tiriyó tribe (0.24) and Joinville population (0.21), and a frequency of 0.17 and 0.05 in the Salvador population and in the Waiampi tribe, respectively. There was no statistical difference among the allelic frequencies in the studied ethnic groups, except in the Waiampi. Due to the great genetic diversity among Brazilian population and the lack of studies on SDF1-3'A allele, our study of this allelic frequency in these different Brazilian ethnic groups could be important to identification of biomarker for therapeutic support in progression to AIDS and a molecular marker for analysis of evolutionary relationships among human populations.