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Characterizing the effects of saturated fat intake on metabolic health and its changes remains a major challenge. Lipid diets, from different sources, vary widely in their physiological effects on health; therefore, it is important to consider the specific lipid source consumed. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the imposition of isocaloric diets with different lipid sources in zebrafish (fish oil/pork lard). Depicting how metabolic, morphological and behavioral parameters might express themselves in these fishes. Forty adult female fishes were used for the experiment. The animals were divided into a control group (C), fed with unsaturated fatty acid diet, and a saturated fatty acid group (Sat). They received food three times a day, during the 11-week period. The results showed that animals in the Sat group had increased body weight, with a difference relative to the C group, from the third week of diet until the end of the experiment. At the end of the last week, the Sat group had a body weight 32% higher (P=0.0182) than the body weight of the control group. The consumption of a diet rich in saturated fatty acids did not generate signs related to stress and anxiety in zebrafish. There was an increase in glycemia at T60 and T120, with a statistically significant difference between the two moments. Animals in the Sat group showed an increase (P=0.0086) in hepatic steatosis compared to animals in the control group. The results obtained on the relationship between diet and metabolic changes are fundamental to ensure the understanding and appropriate treatment of these problems.

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Recently, the development of coatings to protect biomedical alloys from oxidation, passivation and to reduce the ability for a bacterial biofilm to form after implantation has emerged. Diamond-like carbon films are commonly used for implanted medical due to their physical and chemical characteristics, showing good interactions with the biological environment. However, these properties can be significantly improved when titanium dioxide nanoparticles are included, especially to enhance the bactericidal properties of the films. So far, the deposition of hydroxyapatite on the film surface has been studied in order to improve biocompatibility and bioactive behavior. Herein, we developed a new route to obtain a homogeneous and crystalline apatite coating on diamond-like carbon films grown on 304 biomedical stainless steel and evaluated its antibacterial effect. For this purpose, films containing two different concentrations of titanium dioxide (0.1 and 0.3g/L) were obtained by chemical vapor deposition. To obtain the apatite layer, the samples were soaked in simulated body fluid solution for up to 21days. The antibacterial activity of the films was evaluated by bacterial eradication tests using Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering spectroscopy, and goniometry showed that homogeneous, crystalline, and hydrophilic apatite films were formed independently of the titanium dioxide concentration. Interestingly, the diamond-like films containing titanium dioxide and hydroxyapatite reduced the biofilm formation compared to controls. A synergism between hydroxyapatite and titanium dioxide that provided an antimicrobial effect against opportunistic pathogens was clearly observed.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate silica infiltration into dental zirconia (VITA In-Ceram 2000 YZ, Vita Zahnfabrik) and its effects on zirconia's surface characteristics, structural homogeneity and bonding to a resin cement. METHODS: Infiltration was performed by immersion of the pre-sintered zirconia specimens in silica sols for five days (ZIn). Negative (pure zirconia specimens, ZCon-) and positive controls (specimens kept in water for 5 days, ZCon+) were also performed. After sintering, the groups were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), grazing angle X-ray diffraction (DRXR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle measurements, optical profilometry, biaxial flexural test and shear bonding test. Weibull analysis was used to determine the Weibull modulus (m) and characteristic strength (σ0) of all groups. RESULTS: There were no major changes in strength for the infiltrated group, and homogeneity (m) was also increased. A layer of ZrSiO4 was formed on the surface. The bond strength to resin cement was improved after zirconia infiltration, acid conditioning and the use of an MDP primer. CONCLUSION: The sol-gel method is an efficient and simple method to increase the homogeneity of zirconia. Infiltration also improved bonding to resin cement. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The performance of a zirconia infiltrated by silica gel improved in at least two ways: structural homogeneity and bonding to resin cement. The infiltration is simple to perform and can be easily managed in a prosthesis laboratory.

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Chondroitin and glucosamine sulfate nutraceuticals are commonly used in the management of degenerative articular disease in veterinary routine. However, there are controversies on the contribution of these substances to articular cartilage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a chondroitin and glucosamine sulfate-based veterinary nutraceutical on the repair of an induced osteochondral defect in a dog femoral condyle, by macroscopic, histological and histomorphometric analyses. The nutraceutical was orally administered the day following injury induction, every 24 hours (treated group, TG, n=24), compared with animals that did not receive the product (control group, CG, n=24). Six animals per group were anaesthetized for sample collection at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after surgery. At 15 days, defects were macroscopically filled with red-pinkish tissue. After 30 days, whitish color tissue was observed, both in TG and CG animals, with firmer consistency to touch at 60 and 90 postoperative days. Histological analysis demonstrated that, in both groups, there was initial blood clot formation, which was subsequently substituted by a fibrin net, with capillary proliferation from the adjacent bone marrow and infiltration of mesenchymal cells in clot periphery. As cellular differentiation developed, repair tissue presented a fibrocartilage aspect most of the time, and new subchondral bone formation occurred in the deepest area corresponding to the defect. Histomorphometry suggested that the nutraceutical did not favor the articular cartilage repair process. It was concluded that nutraceutical did not significantly influence chondrocytes proliferation or hyaline architecture restoration.(AU)

Os nutracêuticos compostos de sulfato de condroitina e glucosamina são comumente utilizados no manejo da doença articular degenerativa na rotina veterinária. Entretanto, existem controvérsias sobre a contribuição dessas substâncias à cartilagem articular. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de um nutracêutico veterinário à base de sulfato de condroitina e glucosamina na reparação de defeitos osteocondrais induzidos no côndilo femoral de cães, através de análises macroscópica, histológica e histomorfométrica. O nutracêutico foi administrado no dia seguinte à indução da lesão, pela via oral, a cada 24 horas (grupo tratado - GT, 24 animais), sendo comparado a animais que não receberam o produto (grupo controle - GC, de igual número de animais). Aos 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias após a cirurgia, seis animais por grupo foram anestesiados para ser realizada a coleta das amostras. Aos 15 dias, os defeitos eram macroscopicamente preenchidos por tecido de coloração rósea a avermelhada. Já a partir dos 30 dias, observou-se preenchimento por tecido de coloração esbranquiçada, tanto nos animais do GT quanto nos do GC, com consistência mais firme ao toque digital aos 60 e 90 dias de pós-operatório. A análise histológica revelou que, em ambos os grupos, houve inicialmente formação de coágulo sanguíneo que, posteriormente, foi substituído por uma rede de fibrina, com proliferação de capilares a partir da medula óssea adjacente e infiltração de células mesenquimais na periferia do coágulo. À medida que se processou a diferenciação celular, o tecido de reparação se apresentou na maioria das vezes com aspecto de fibrocartilagem e, na região mais profunda da área correspondente ao defeito, ocorreu formação de osso novo subcondral. A histomorfometria sugeriu que o nutracêutico não favoreceu o processo de reparação da cartilagem articular. Concluiu-se que o nutracêutico não influenciou consideravelmente na proliferação de condrócitos nem na restauração da arquitetura hialina.(AU)

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Chondroitin and glucosamine sulfate nutraceuticals are commonly used in the management of degenerative articular disease in veterinary routine. However, there are controversies on the contribution of these substances to articular cartilage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a chondroitin and glucosamine sulfate-based veterinary nutraceutical on the repair of an induced osteochondral defect in a dog femoral condyle, by macroscopic, histological and histomorphometric analyses. The nutraceutical was orally administered the day following injury induction, every 24 hours (treated group, TG, n=24), compared with animals that did not receive the product (control group, CG, n=24). Six animals per group were anaesthetized for sample collection at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after surgery. At 15 days, defects were macroscopically filled with red-pinkish tissue. After 30 days, whitish color tissue was observed, both in TG and CG animals, with firmer consistency to touch at 60 and 90 postoperative days. Histological analysis demonstrated that, in both groups, there was initial blood clot formation, which was subsequently substituted by a fibrin net, with capillary proliferation from the adjacent bone marrow and infiltration of mesenchymal cells in clot periphery. As cellular differentiation developed, repair tissue presented a fibrocartilage aspect most of the time, and new subchondral bone formation occurred in the deepest area corresponding to the defect. Histomorphometry suggested that the nutraceutical did not favor the articular cartilage repair process. It was concluded that nutraceutical did not significantly influence chondrocytes proliferation or hyaline architecture restoration.(AU)

Os nutracêuticos compostos de sulfato de condroitina e glucosamina são comumente utilizados no manejo da doença articular degenerativa na rotina veterinária. Entretanto, existem controvérsias sobre a contribuição dessas substâncias à cartilagem articular. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de um nutracêutico veterinário à base de sulfato de condroitina e glucosamina na reparação de defeitos osteocondrais induzidos no côndilo femoral de cães, através de análises macroscópica, histológica e histomorfométrica. O nutracêutico foi administrado no dia seguinte à indução da lesão, pela via oral, a cada 24 horas (grupo tratado - GT, 24 animais), sendo comparado a animais que não receberam o produto (grupo controle - GC, de igual número de animais). Aos 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias após a cirurgia, seis animais por grupo foram anestesiados para ser realizada a coleta das amostras. Aos 15 dias, os defeitos eram macroscopicamente preenchidos por tecido de coloração rósea a avermelhada. Já a partir dos 30 dias, observou-se preenchimento por tecido de coloração esbranquiçada, tanto nos animais do GT quanto nos do GC, com consistência mais firme ao toque digital aos 60 e 90 dias de pós-operatório. A análise histológica revelou que, em ambos os grupos, houve inicialmente formação de coágulo sanguíneo que, posteriormente, foi substituído por uma rede de fibrina, com proliferação de capilares a partir da medula óssea adjacente e infiltração de células mesenquimais na periferia do coágulo. À medida que se processou a diferenciação celular, o tecido de reparação se apresentou na maioria das vezes com aspecto de fibrocartilagem e, na região mais profunda da área correspondente ao defeito, ocorreu formação de osso novo subcondral. A histomorfometria sugeriu que o nutracêutico não favoreceu o processo de reparação da cartilagem articular. Concluiu-se que o nutracêutico não influenciou consideravelmente na proliferação de condrócitos nem na restauração da arquitetura hialina.(AU)

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo pesquisar a associação do PCV2 e M. Hyopneumoneae em amostras de pulmão de suínos. 32 fragmentos de pulmões, sendo 16 com lesões macroscópicas (CLM) e 16 sem lesões macroscópicas (SLM) foram analisados pela histopatologia, pelo teste de imuno-histoquímica (IHC) e pela reação de polimerase em cadeia em tempo real (qPCR). Não foi observada correlação positiva entre a histopatologia e a imuno-histoquímica. Não houve também, correlação positiva entre número de amostras com lesões características de pneumonia viral e a carga viral de PCV2 medida por qPCR. Analisando os dados obtidos da detecção dos agentes e lesões microscópicas associadas, constatou-se que em 4 amostras analisadas (12,5%) houve uma co-infecção entre o PCV2 e M. Hyopneumoneae. Este resultado demonstra uma possível associação deste dois agentes. Novos estudos deverão ser realizados para determinação de outros possíveis patógenos envolvidos na patogenia da PRDC na região da Zona da Mata Mineira.

The aim of this study was determine the association between PCV2 and M. Hyopneumoneae in pig lung samples. Thirty two lung fragments, from which 16 had macroscopic lesions (CLM) and the other 16 had no macroscopic lesions (SLM), were analyzed by histopathology, immunohistochemistry assays and polymerase chain reaction in real time (qPCR). No positive correlation was observed among the histology and the immunohistochemistry assay (IHC). There was also no positive correlation between the number of samples with viral pneumonia type of lesions and PCV2 viral load measured by qPCR. Analysis of the data obtained by detection of agents and associated microscopic findings showed that PCV2 and M. Hyopneumoneae co-infection was found in four samples (12,5%). This result reveals a possible association of these two agents. Further studies are required to determine additional potential pathogens involved in the pathogenesis of the PRDC in the Mata Mineira region, Brazil.

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo pesquisar a associação do PCV2 e M. Hyopneumoneae em amostras de pulmão de suínos. 32 fragmentos de pulmões, sendo 16 com lesões macroscópicas (CLM) e 16 sem lesões macroscópicas (SLM) foram analisados pela histopatologia, pelo teste de imuno-histoquímica (IHC) e pela reação de polimerase em cadeia em tempo real (qPCR). Não foi observada correlação positiva entre a histopatologia e a imuno-histoquímica. Não houve também, correlação positiva entre número de amostras com lesões características de pneumonia viral e a carga viral de PCV2 medida por qPCR. Analisando os dados obtidos da detecção dos agentes e lesões microscópicas associadas, constatou-se que em 4 amostras analisadas (12,5%) houve uma co-infecção entre o PCV2 e M. Hyopneumoneae. Este resultado demonstra uma possível associação deste dois agentes. Novos estudos deverão ser realizados para determinação de outros possíveis patógenos envolvidos na patogenia da PRDC na região da Z

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo pesquisar a associação do PCV2 e M. Hyopneumoneae em amostras de pulmão de suínos. 32 fragmentos de pulmões, sendo 16 com lesões macroscópicas (CLM) e 16 sem lesões macroscópicas (SLM) foram analisados pela histopatologia, pelo teste de imuno-histoquímica (IHC) e pela reação de polimerase em cadeia em tempo real (qPCR). Não foi observada correlação positiva entre a histopatologia e a imuno-histoquímica. Não houve também, correlação positiva entre número de amostras com lesões características de pneumonia viral e a carga viral de PCV2 medida por qPCR. Analisando os dados obtidos da detecção dos agentes e lesões microscópicas associadas, constatou-se que em 4 amostras analisadas (12,5%) houve uma co-infecção entre o PCV2 e M. Hyopneumoneae. Este resultado demonstra uma possível associação deste dois agentes. Novos estudos deverão ser realizados para determinação de outros possíveis patógenos envolvidos na patogenia da PRDC na região da Zona da Mata Mineira.(AU)

The aim of this study was determine the association between PCV2 and M. Hyopneumoneae in pig lung samples. Thirty two lung fragments, from which 16 had macroscopic lesions (CLM) and the other 16 had no macroscopic lesions (SLM), were analyzed by histopathology, immunohistochemistry assays and polymerase chain reaction in real time (qPCR). No positive correlation was observed among the histology and the immunohistochemistry assay (IHC). There was also no positive correlation between the number of samples with viral pneumonia type of lesions and PCV2 viral load measured by qPCR. Analysis of the data obtained by detection of agents and associated microscopic findings showed that PCV2 and M. Hyopneumoneae co-infection was found in four samples (12,5%). This result reveals a possible association of these two agents. Further studies are required to determine additional potential pathogens involved in the pathogenesis of the PRDC in the Mata Mineira region, Brazil.(AU)

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo pesquisar a associação do PCV2 e M. Hyopneumoneae em amostras de pulmão de suínos. 32 fragmentos de pulmões, sendo 16 com lesões macroscópicas (CLM) e 16 sem lesões macroscópicas (SLM) foram analisados pela histopatologia, pelo teste de imuno-histoquímica (IHC) e pela reação de polimerase em cadeia em tempo real (qPCR). Não foi observada correlação positiva entre a histopatologia e a imuno-histoquímica. Não houve também, correlação positiva entre número de amostras com lesões características de pneumonia viral e a carga viral de PCV2 medida por qPCR. Analisando os dados obtidos da detecção dos agentes e lesões microscópicas associadas, constatou-se que em 4 amostras analisadas (12,5%) houve uma co-infecção entre o PCV2 e M. Hyopneumoneae. Este resultado demonstra uma possível associação deste dois agentes. Novos estudos deverão ser realizados para determinação de outros possíveis patógenos envolvidos na patogenia da PRDC na região da Z

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Titanium and its alloys have been used as bone-replacement implants due to their excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. However, a titanium coating is a bioinert material and cannot bond chemically to bone tissue. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of alkaline treatment and heat treatment on the formation of calcium phosphate layer on the surface of a Ti-7.5Mo alloy after soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF). Thirty six titanium alloy plates were assigned into two groups. For group I, samples were immersed in a 5.0-M NaOH aqueous solution at 80°C for 72 h, washed with distilled water and dried at 40°C for 24 h. For group II, after the alkaline treatment, samples were heat-treated at 600°C for 1 h in an electrical furnace in air. Then, all samples were immersed in SBF for 7 or 14 days to allow the formation of a calcium phosphate coating on the surface. The surfaces were characterized using SEM, EDS, AFM and contact angle measurements.

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Eggs of Culex (Melanoconion) Grupo Pilosus were found in three oviposition traps set in the toilet of a Bus Station in Joinville city, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, during a surveillance study of Aedes aegypti. The intrinsic characteristic of group oviposition not directly on the water was confirmed.

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