RESUMEN
ABSTRACT Introduction: the assessment and proper management of lower extremity soft tissue injury is very important. Because the mechanism and clinical manifestations of lower extremity soft tissue injury are varied, it is necessary to make an accurate assessment based on the specific situation of the patient. Objective: To explore the mechanism and rehabilitation methods of lower limb soft tissue sports injury. Methods: In clinical practice, external application of Chinese herbal medicine combined with cold compresses, massage, pot dipping, hot immersion irradiation and other methods were used. Results: The self-made Chinese herbal medicine external ointment, swelling and pain relieving Chinese herbal medicine wine combined with electromagnetic wave therapy instrument is one of the commonly used and effective methods to treat sports injury of lower extremity soft tissue in health care experimental centers. It has the most remarkable effect on local burning, stasis, swelling and pain caused by the soft tissue injury of various lower limbs in various parts of the human body. Conclusions: Timely functional rehabilitation training after sports injury can promote the functional healing and rehabilitation of the body after injury, maintaining the good functional state of each organ system of the body. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
RESUMO Introdução: A avaliação e o manejo adequados de lesões do tecido mole dos membros inferiores é muito importante. Como o mecanismo e as manifestações clínicas das lesões do tecido mole dos membros inferiores são variados, é necessário fazer uma análise precisa, baseada na situação específica do paciente. Objetivo: Explorar os métodos mecânicos e de reabilitação de lesões do esporte no tecido mole de membros inferiores. Métodos: Na prática clínica, a aplicação de ervas medicinais chinesas de uso externo combinada com compressas frias, massagens, pot dipping, irradiação com imersões quentes e outros métodos foram usados. Resultados: A pomada artesanal de ervas médica de uso externo, o vinho de ervas médico chinês para o alívio de dores, combinado com a terapia de ondas eletromagnéticas é um dos métodos mais eficazes e comumente usados para tratar de lesões do esporte do tecido mole de membros inferiores em centros de saúde experimentais. Tem um efeito perceptível na queimação local, estase, inchaço e dor causados por lesões do tecido mole de vários membros inferiores em várias partes do corpo humano. Conclusões: O treinamento de reabilitação funcional adequado após lesões do esporte pode promover a recuperação e a reabilitação funcional do corpo após lesões, mantendo o estado funcional correto de cada sistema orgânico do corpo. Nível de evidência II; estudos terapêuticos - investigação de resultados de tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción: La evaluación y manejo adecuados de lesiones del tejido blando de los miembros inferiores es muy importante. Como el mecanismo y las manifestaciones clínicas de las lesiones del tejido mole de los miembros inferiores son variados, es necesario hacer un análisis preciso, basado en la situación específica del paciente. Objetivo: Explorar los métodos mecánicos y de rehabilitación de lesiones del deporte en el tejido blando de miembros inferiores. Métodos: En la práctica clínica, se utilizaron la aplicación de hierbas medicinales chinas de uso externo combinada con compresas frías, masajes, pot dipping, irradiación con inmersiones calientes y otros métodos. Resultados: La pomada artesanal de hierbas médicas de uso externo, el vino de hierbas médico chino para alivio de dolores, combinado con la terapia de ondas electromagnéticas, es uno de los métodos más eficaces y comúnmente usados para tratar lesiones del deporte en el tejido blando de miembros inferiores en centros de salud experimentales. Tiene un efecto perceptible en el ardor local, éxtasis, hinchazón y dolor causados por lesiones del tejido blando de varios miembros inferiores en varias partes del cuerpo humano. Conclusiones: El entrenamiento de rehabilitación funcional adecuado tras lesiones del deporte puede promover la recuperación y la rehabilitación funcional del cuerpo tras lesiones, manteniendo el estado funcional correcto de cada sistema orgánico del cuerpo. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de resultados de tratamiento.
RESUMEN
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease associated with metabolic syndrome and can lead to life-threatening complications like hepatic carcinoma and cirrhosis. Exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist antidiabetic drug, has the capacity to overcome insulin resistance and attenuate hepatic steatosis but the specific underlying mechanism is unclear. This study was designed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of exenatide therapy on NAFLD. We used in vivo and in vitro techniques to investigate the protective effects of exenatide on fatty liver via fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) in a high-fat (HF) diet-induced NAFLD animal model and related cell culture model. Exenatide significantly decreased body weight, serum glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, serum free fatty acid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels in HF-induced obese rabbits. Histological analysis showed that exenatide significantly reversed HF-induced lipid accumulation and inflammatory changes accompanied by decreased FTO mRNA and protein expression, which were abrogated by PI3K inhibitor LY294002. This study indicated that pharmacological interventions with GLP-1 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for NAFLD.
Asunto(s)
Dioxigenasa FTO Dependiente de Alfa-Cetoglutarato/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado Graso/metabolismo , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/tratamiento farmacológico , Péptidos/farmacología , Sustancias Protectoras/farmacología , Ponzoñas/farmacología , Dioxigenasa FTO Dependiente de Alfa-Cetoglutarato/genética , Animales , Glucemia/análisis , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Cromonas/metabolismo , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Exenatida , Hígado Graso/patología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Técnicas In Vitro , Insulina/sangre , Masculino , Malondialdehído/análisis , Morfolinas/metabolismo , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/metabolismo , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/patología , Obesidad/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Conejos , Superóxido Dismutasa/análisisRESUMEN
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease associated with metabolic syndrome and can lead to life-threatening complications like hepatic carcinoma and cirrhosis. Exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist antidiabetic drug, has the capacity to overcome insulin resistance and attenuate hepatic steatosis but the specific underlying mechanism is unclear. This study was designed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of exenatide therapy on NAFLD. We used in vivo and in vitro techniques to investigate the protective effects of exenatide on fatty liver via fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) in a high-fat (HF) diet-induced NAFLD animal model and related cell culture model. Exenatide significantly decreased body weight, serum glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, serum free fatty acid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels in HF-induced obese rabbits. Histological analysis showed that exenatide significantly reversed HF-induced lipid accumulation and inflammatory changes accompanied by decreased FTO mRNA and protein expression, which were abrogated by PI3K inhibitor LY294002. This study indicated that pharmacological interventions with GLP-1 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for NAFLD.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Conejos , Péptidos/farmacología , Ponzoñas/farmacología , Sustancias Protectoras/farmacología , Hígado Graso/metabolismo , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/tratamiento farmacológico , Dioxigenasa FTO Dependiente de Alfa-Cetoglutarato/efectos de los fármacos , Glucemia/análisis , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Técnicas In Vitro , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Morfolinas/metabolismo , Cromonas/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Hígado Graso/patología , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Dioxigenasa FTO Dependiente de Alfa-Cetoglutarato/genética , Exenatida , Insulina/sangre , Malondialdehído/análisis , Obesidad/metabolismoRESUMEN
The changes of cell ultra structure as well as Ca2+ homeostasis involved in the drought-induced maize leaf senescence was investigated. Meanwhile, many indicatives of leaf senescence including thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), and chlorophyll along with soluble proteins were also detected during the process. The Polyethylene glycol6000(PEG6000)-incubated detached leaves showed a slight increase in the MDA content and electrolyte leakage during the first 30 min of our detection, which was corresponded to an unobvious alteration of the cell ultrastructure. Other typical senescence parameters measured in whole leaf exhibited a moderate elevation as well. Thereafter, however, the EL and MDA rose to a large extent, which was correlated with a dramatic damage to the cell ultrastructure with concomitant sharp decrease in the chlorophyll and soluble proteins content. The deposits of calcium antimonite, being an indicator for Ca2+ localization, were observed in the vacuoles as well as intercellular spaces in the leaves grown under normal condition. Nevertheless, after PEG treatment, it was revealed a distinct increment of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm as well as chloroplasts and nuclei. Moreover, with long-lasting treatment of PEG to the detached leaves, the concentration of Ca2+ as described above showed a continuous increment which was consist with the remarked alteration of physiological parameters and severe damage to the ultrastructure of cells, all of which indicated the leaf senescence. Such drought-induced leaf senescence might result from a loss of the cell's capability to extrude Ca2+. All above findings give us a good insight into the important role of Ca2+ homeostasis in the process of leaf senescence accelerated by the drought stress.