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Resumen: Introducción: la sedación en pacientes críticos que requieren ventilación mecánica es un punto importante para brindarles seguridad y comodidad. En la actualidad el tratamiento del paciente crítico basado en la escala ABCDEF (A [assess]: valorar, prevenir y manejar el dolor. B [both]: protocolos de interrupción diaria de sedación y protocolo de respiración espontánea. C [choice]: elección de analgesia y sedación. D [delirium]: valorar, prevenir y manejar el delirio. E [early]: ejercicio y movilidad temprana. F [family]: inclusión y habilitación familiar) recomienda la interrupción diaria de la sedación y un protocolo diario de respiración espontánea, el cual ha demostrado mejoría en los resultados clínicos (días en ventilación mecánica, delirio). Éste contrasta con el manejo frecuente de sedación intravenosa continua, por lo que en este estudio se comparó la seguridad de estas dos formas de sedación (interrupción diaria versus intravenosa continua). Objetivo: comparar la incidencia de eventos cardiovasculares y desaturación entre un protocolo de interrupción diaria de sedación en pacientes con ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI) contra sedación intravenosa continua en pacientes con ventilación mecánica invasiva. Material y métodos: tipo de estudio descriptivo comparativo, retrospectivo. Resultados: no se demostró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en incidencia de eventos cardiacos y desaturación entre pacientes con sedación intravenosa continua y protocolo de interrupción diaria de sedación. Conclusión: la sedación intravenosa continua y el protocolo de interrupción diaria de sedación son igual de seguras en pacientes bajo VMI.

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Abstract: Introduction: sedation in the critically patient requiring mechanical ventilation is an important intervention used to provide safety and comfort to the patient. Currently, the management of critically ill patients is based on the ABCDEF bundle (A [assess]: prevent and manage pain. B [both]: protocols for daily interruption of sedation and spontaneous breathing protocol. C [choice]: of analgesia and sedation. D [delirium]: assess, prevent and manage delirium. E [early]: exercise and early mobility. F [family]: inclusion and empowerment) which recommends daily interruption of sedation and a daily spontaneous breathing protocol, it has shown improvement in clinical outcomes (days on mechanical ventilation, delirium). This contrasts with the frequent management of continuous intravenous sedation. Therefore, in this study the safety of these two forms of sedation (daily interruption vs continuous intravenous) will be compared. Objective: to compare the incidence of cardiovascular events and desaturation between a protocol of daily interruption of sedation in patients with invasive mechanical ventilation versus continuous intravenous sedation in patients with invasive mechanical ventilation. Material and methods: retrospective comparative descriptive study. Results: there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of cardiac events and desaturation between patients with continuous intravenous sedation and daily sedation interruption protocol. Conclusion: continuous intravenous sedation and daily interruption of sedation protocol are equally safe in critically ill patients.

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Resumo: Introdução: a sedação em pacientes críticos que necessitam de ventilação mecânica é um ponto importante para proporcionar segurança e conforto ao paciente. Atualmente, o tratamento de pacientes críticos é baseado na escala ABCDEF (A [assess]: avaliar, prevenir e controlar a dor. B [both]: protocolos de interrupção diária da sedação e protocolo de respiração espontânea. C [choice]: escolha da analgesia e sedação. D [delirium]: avaliar, prevenir e controlar delirium. E [early]: exercício e mobilidade precoce. F [family]: inclusão e qualificação da família) recomenda interrupção diária da sedação e protocolo diário de respiração espontânea, que tem mostrado melhora nos desfechos clínicos (dias em ventilação mecânica, delirium). Isso contrasta com o manejo frequente da sedação intravenosa contínua. Portanto, neste estudo foi comparada a segurança dessas duas formas de sedação (interrupção diária vs intravenosa contínua). Objetivo: comparar a incidência de eventos cardiovasculares e dessaturação entre um protocolo diário de interrupção da sedação em pacientes com ventilação mecânica invasiva versus sedação intravenosa contínua em pacientes com ventilação mecânica invasiva. Material e métodos: tipo de estudo comparativo descritivo, retrospectivo. Resultados: não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na incidência de eventos cardíacos e dessaturação entre pacientes com sedação intravenosa contínua e protocolo de interrupção diária da sedação. Conclusão: a sedação intravenosa contínua e o protocolo diário de interrupção da sedação são igualmente seguros em pacientes submetidos à ventilação mecânica invasiva.

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Lymphoma infiltration to the pituitary is rare. It represents less than 0.5% of all reported pituitary metastases (PMs). Here we present a case series of 3 patients with PMs from a systemic lymphoma. Also, we performed a literature review of the cases reported. We identified additional 31 cases in which non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) was the most common (n = 28, 90%), with large B-cell NHL the most frequent histological subtype (n = 14, 45%). Central hypothyroidism (n = 21, 67%) was the most frequent pituitary deficiency followed by adrenal insufficiency (n = 19, 61%) and diabetes insipidus (DI; n = 18, 58%). Full endocrine recovery was found in only 12% (n = 4) of patients after treatment, and magnetic resonance imaging showed tumor regression in 22% of them. In our series, 2 patients were diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and 1 had mixed cellularity of classic Hodgkin lymphoma. The mean age was 54 ± 6.92 years. Hypopituitarism and DI were present in all of them, with 100% of mortality because of advanced systemic disease.

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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245772.].

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Tocante al artículo "Intoxicación humana intencional por rodenticida anticoagulante de acción prolongada", enviado a la Revista de la SPMI (febrero de 2021)1, manifiesto, que:

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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder for which Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes are well identified as risk factors. SLE patients present different clinical phenotypes, which are partly explained by admixture patterns variation among Mexicans. Population genetic has insight into the high genetic variability of Mexicans, mainly described through HLA gene studies with anthropological and biomedical importance. A prospective, case-control study was performed. In this study, we recruited 146 SLE patients, and 234 healthy individuals were included as a control group; both groups were admixed Mexicans from Mexico City. The HLA typing methods were based on Next Generation Sequencing and Sequence-Based Typing (SBT). The data analysis was performed with population genetic programs and statistical packages. The admixture estimations based on HLA-B and -DRB1 revealed that SLE patients have a higher Southwestern European ancestry proportion (48 ± 8%) than healthy individuals (30 ± 7%). In contrast, Mexican Native American components are diminished in SLE patients (44 ± 1%) and augmented in Healthy individuals (63 ± 4%). HLA alleles and haplotypes' frequency analysis found variants previously described in SLE patients from Mexico City. Moreover, a conserved extended haplotype that confers risk to develop SLE was found, the HLA-A∗29:02∼C∗16:01∼B∗44:03∼DRB1∗07:01∼DQB1∗02:02, pC = 0.02, OR = 1.41. Consistent with the admixture estimations, the origin of all risk alleles and haplotypes found in this study are European, while the protection alleles are Mexican Native American. The analysis of genetic distances supported that the SLE patient group is closer to the Southwestern European parental populace and farthest from Mexican Native Americans than healthy individuals. Heterogeneity of genetic admixture determines SLE susceptibility and protection in Mexicans. HLA sequencing is helpful to determine susceptibility alleles and haplotypes restricted to some populations.

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OBJECTIVE: Sarcopenia has been related to negative outcomes in different clinical scenarios from critical illness to chronic conditions. The aim of this study was to verify whether there was an association between low skeletal muscle index and in-hospital mortality, intensive care unit admission, and invasive mechanical ventilation need in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study of a referral center for COVID-19. We included all consecutive patients admitted to the hospital between February 26 and May 15, 2020, with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. Skeletal muscle index was assessed from a transverse computed tomography image at the level of twelfth thoracic vertebra with National Institutes of Health ImageJ software, and statistical analysis was performed to find an association between skeletal muscle index and in-hospital mortality, need of invasive mechanical ventilation, and intensive care unit admission. RESULTS: We included 519 patients, the median age was 51 (42-61) yrs, and 115 patients (22%) had low skeletal muscle index. On multivariable analysis, skeletal muscle index was not associated with mortality, intensive care unit admission, or invasive mechanical ventilation need nor in a subanalysis of patients 65 yrs or older. CONCLUSIONS: Skeletal muscle index determined by computed tomography at the level of twelfth thoracic vertebra was not associated with negative outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Asunto(s)

COVID-19/mortalidad , COVID-19/terapia , Sarcopenia/complicaciones , Adulto , Anciano , COVID-19/complicaciones , Cuidados Críticos , Femenino , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Hospitalización , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Músculo Esquelético , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud , Respiración Artificial , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico , Sarcopenia/mortalidad , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X

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BACKGROUND: As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has remained in Latin America, Mexico has become the third country with the highest death rate worldwide. Data regarding in-hospital mortality and its risk factors, as well as the impact of hospital overcrowding in Latin America has not been thoroughly explored. METHODS AND FINDINGS: In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled consecutive adult patients hospitalized with severe confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia at a SARS-CoV-2 referral center in Mexico City from February 26th, 2020, to June 5th, 2020. A total of 800 patients were admitted with confirmed diagnosis, mean age was 51.9 ± 13.9 years, 61% were males, 85% were either obese or overweight, 30% had hypertension and 26% type 2 diabetes. From those 800, 559 recovered (69.9%) and 241 died (30.1%). Among survivors, 101 (18%) received invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and 458 (82%) were managed outside the intensive care unit (ICU); mortality in the ICU was 49%. From the non-survivors, 45.6% (n = 110) did not receive full support due to lack of ICU bed availability. Within this subgroup the main cause of death was acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in 95% of the cases, whereas among the non-survivors who received full (n = 105) support the main cause of death was septic shock (45%) followed by ARDS (29%). The main risk factors associated with in-hospital death were male sex (RR 2.05, 95% CI 1.34-3.12), obesity (RR 1.62, 95% CI 1.14-2.32)-in particular morbid obesity (RR 3.38, 95%CI 1.63-7.00)-and oxygen saturation < 80% on admission (RR 4.8, 95%CI 3.26-7.31). CONCLUSIONS: In this study we found similar in-hospital and ICU mortality, as well as risk factors for mortality, compared to previous reports. However, 45% of the patients who did not survive justified admission to ICU but did not receive IMV / ICU care due to the unavailability of ICU beds. Furthermore, mortality rate over time was mainly due to the availability of ICU beds, indirectly suggesting that overcrowding was one of the main factors that contributed to hospital mortality.

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Ocupación de Camas/estadística & datos numéricos , COVID-19/patología , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Anciano , COVID-19/complicaciones , COVID-19/mortalidad , COVID-19/virología , Causas de Muerte , Femenino , Humanos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Masculino , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/patología , Estudios Prospectivos , Respiración Artificial , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria/etiología , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria/mortalidad , Factores de Riesgo , SARS-CoV-2/aislamiento & purificación , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Choque Séptico/diagnóstico , Choque Séptico/etiología , Choque Séptico/mortalidad , Centros de Atención Terciaria

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Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is an autoimmune disease with a higher prevalence in non-European populations. Because the Mexican population resulted from the admixture between mainly Native American and European populations, we used genome-wide microarray, HLA high-resolution typing and AQP4 gene sequencing data to analyze genetic ancestry and to seek genetic variants conferring NMO susceptibility in admixed Mexican patients. A total of 164 Mexican NMO patients and 1,208 controls were included. On average, NMO patients had a higher proportion of Native American ancestry than controls (68.1% vs 58.6%; p = 5 × 10-6). GWAS identified a HLA region associated with NMO, led by rs9272219 (OR = 2.48, P = 8 × 10-10). Class II HLA alleles HLA-DQB1*03:01, -DRB1*08:02, -DRB1*16:02, -DRB1*14:06 and -DQB1*04:02 showed the most significant associations with NMO risk. Local ancestry estimates suggest that all the NMO-associated alleles within the HLA region are of Native American origin. No novel or missense variants in the AQP4 gene were found in Mexican patients with NMO or multiple sclerosis. To our knowledge, this is the first study supporting the notion that Native American ancestry significantly contributes to NMO susceptibility in an admixed population, and is consistent with differences in NMO epidemiology in Mexico and Latin America.

Asunto(s)

Indio Americano o Nativo de Alaska/genética , Acuaporina 4/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Antígenos HLA/genética , Neuromielitis Óptica/epidemiología , Neuromielitis Óptica/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiología

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Here we studied HLA blocks and haplotypes in a group of 218 Lacandon Maya Native American using a high-resolution next generation sequencing (NGS) method. We assessed the genetic diversity of HLA class I and class II in this population, and determined the most probable ancestry of Lacandon Maya HLA class I and class II haplotypes. Importantly, this Native American group showed a high degree of both HLA homozygosity and linkage disequilibrium across the HLA region and also lower class II HLA allelic diversity than most previously reported populations (including other Native American groups). Distinctive alleles present in the Lacandon population include HLA-A*24:14 and HLA-B*40:08. Furthermore, in Lacandons we observed a high frequency of haplotypes containing the allele HLA-DRB1*04:11, a relatively frequent allele in comparison with other neighboring indigenous groups. The specific demographic history of the Lacandon population including inbreeding, as well as pathogen selection, may have elevated the frequencies of a small number of HLA class II alleles and DNA blocks. To assess the possible role of different selective pressures in determining Native American HLA diversity, we evaluated the relationship between genetic diversity at HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 and pathogen richness for a global dataset and for Native American populations alone. In keeping with previous studies of such relationships we included distance from Africa as a covariate. After correction for multiple comparisons we did not find any significant relationship between pathogen diversity and HLA genetic diversity (as measured by polymorphism information content) in either our global dataset or the Native American subset of the dataset. We found the expected negative relationship between genetic diversity and distance from Africa in the global dataset, but no relationship between HLA genetic diversity and distance from Africa when Native American populations were considered alone.

Asunto(s)

Variación Genética , Genética de Población , Haplotipos , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase II/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase I/genética , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , Adolescente , Adulto , África , Alelos , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genotipo , Geografía , Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Cadenas HLA-DRB1/genética , Homocigoto , Humanos , Masculino , México/etnología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis de Componente Principal , Adulto Joven , Indio Americano o Nativo de Alaska

RESUMEN

The procurement of high-quality lithic resources is amongst the most indicative processes of decision-making in the archaeology of early human groups peopling the Americas. Directly dated deposits from quarry workshops have been absent of the late Pleistocene record of South America. We present the results of the excavations of a high-quality translucent quartz crystal workshop that yielded radiocarbon-dated coherently layered stratigraphic deposits that shed light into the behavior of the initial stages of lithic procurement. Based on a detailed analysis of the context of the Valiente site (32° S, Chile, South America), we discuss the stages of bifacial production of point technology. The deposit produced evidence of cumulative occupations over the period between 12,630 and 11,320 calibrated years before present. This ~1,300-year span is coincidental with a major environmental step-wise drying trend as indicated by the local and regional pollen records. Furthermore, it is synchronous to the process in which natural landscapes became the earliest taskscapes in the region, thereby encompassing major cultural changes related to the organization of the land use. These results are discussed in the frame of contemporaneous archaeological data to discuss specific aspects of technology and decision-making of the earliest settlers of South America.

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Minería/historia , Cuarzo/historia , Arqueología/métodos , Chile , Evolución Cultural , Toma de Decisiones , Fósiles , Historia Antigua , Humanos , Minería/métodos , Paleontología , Tecnología

RESUMEN

Mujer de 55 años con dolor lumbar y dificultad para caminar desde hace 18 meses. En los últimos cuatro meses agrega hiporexia, dolor e inmovilidad de miembros inferiores. Internada en un hospital general (2009), recibe tratamiento antituberculoso: 2HRZE/4H2R2 (INH, RFP, PZN y ETH), al habérsele detectado M. tuberculosis en un frotis de sedimento urinario. Ante inefectividad del tratamiento es trasladada al Hospital General Dos de Mayo (HNDM), en 2010, donde mediante resonancia magnética, se demuestra colapso parcial del cuerpo vertebral de L3, tumor en área craneal parietal derecha (plasmocitoma óseo a cadenas ligeras lambda) y múltiples lesiones óseas circulares sistémicas (coin lesions), en tórax, arcos costales, escápula, húmero y ambos fémures. Proteinograma electroforético en suero y en orina de 24 h, con ausencia y presencia de pico monoclonal, respectivamente. Biopsia de hueso: hipoplasia celular con rango de células plasmáticas neoplásicas (3%-6%). Orina: hematíes, 18-20/campo; leucocitos aglutinados; cilindros hialinos y granulosos. Urea, 108 mg/dL; creatinina, 3,6 mg/dL. El paciente desarrolla infección urinaria, hipercalcemia e insuficiencia renal y fallece sin recibir tratamiento.

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A 55 year old woman with back pain and difficulty walking for 11/2 year. In the last four months she added hyporexia, lumbar pain and immobility of lower limbs. Admitted to a General Hospital (2009), she received treatment for tuberculosis: 2HRZE/4H2R2 (INH, RFP, PZN and ETH), having been detected M. tuberculosis in a smear of urinary sediment. Before ineffectiveness of treatment she was taken to the General Hospital Dos de Mayo (HNDM), in 2010, where magnetic resonance, showed partial collapse of L3 vertebral body, cranial tumor in right parietal area (lambda light chain bone plasmacytoma) and systemic circular bone injuries (coin lesions) on chest, ribs, scapula, humerus and both femurs. Protein electrophoresis in serum and urine of 24 hours, showed absence and presence of monoclonal spike, respectively. Bone marrow biopsy showed general cell hypoplasia and range of neoplastic plasma cells of 3%-6%. Urine: red blood cell, 18-20 per field, agglutinated leukocytes, hyaline and granular casts. Urea, 108 mg/dL; creatinine, 3,6 mg/dL. The patient develops urinary tract infection, hypercalcemia and renal failure, dying without treatment.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Huesos , Mieloma Múltiple , Neoplasias Óseas , Plasmacitoma

RESUMEN

Varón de 24 años, natural de Lima, que desde hace tres años padece de limitación funcional de los miembros inferiores a predominio izquierdo, dolor abdómino-pélvico crónico, incremento del número y tamaño de manchas dérmicas y nódulos subcutáneos. Al examen físico: presencia de manchas café con leche, nódulos subcutáneos generalizados, pecas en ambas axilas e ingles y nódulos de Lisch en ambos iris. La resonancia magnética nuclear descubrió un incremento del volumen de las raíces y trayectos de los nervios D12-S2, un tumor hipodenso que desplazaba la cola del páncreas hacia adelante, infiltración tumoral del músculo psoas y hueso iliaco izquierdo; además, un tumor multinodular presacro-coccígeo. La biopsia de un nódulo cervical subcutáneo demostró neurofibromatosis plexiforme benigna. La biopsia del tumor presacro-coccígeo reveló la existencia de un tumor maligno de las vainas de los nervios periféricos (MPNST). Mientras se planeaba una resección quirúrgica tumoral y radioquimioterapia, el paciente falleció.

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Limitation of lower limbs since 3 years ago, chronic abdominopelvic pain, increase in number and size of dark skin spots and subcutaneous nodules. The physical examination discovered widespread café-au-lait skin spots and subcutaneous nodules, freckles in armpits and inguinal areas, and Lisch nodules in both irises. Magnetic resonance images discovered enlargement of roots and shafts of D12-S2 nerves, an hypodense tumor that displaced forward the pancreas tail, a tumoral infiltration of psoas muscle and left iliac bone; besides, a multinodular tumor in the pre sacrumcoccyx area. The biopsy of a subcutaneous cervical nodule revealed a benign plexiform neurofibromatosis. A biopsy of the pre sacrum-coccyx tumor disclosed a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST). While planning surgical resection and radio-chemotherapy, the patient died.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Manchas Café con Leche , Neoplasias de la Vaina del Nervio , Neurofibromatosis 1

RESUMEN

Agricultor de 20 años, procedente de San Miguel de Callería (Ucayali- Perú: selva nor-oriental a 842 km de Lima), mordido por una serpiente Bothrops spp, en el tobillo izquierdo, quien pese a recibir 18 horas después una única infusión de 25 mg de suero antiofídico polivalente desarrolla desde las primeras horas dolor, edema, equimosis de pierna izquierda, gingivorragia, hematuria, oliguria, cefalea, alteraciones de la conciencia, afasia, disartria, signos meníngeos, amaurosis, hemiparesia del hemicuerpo derecho, paresia de músculos oculomotores a predominio izquierdo y midriasis paralítica bilateral. Retinografía bilateral: discos retinales ópticos pálidos y vasos sanguíneos adelgazados. Respuestas visuales evocadas: ausentes, bilateral. Tomografía (TEM), cerebral: hemorragia intracerebral parieto-occipital izquierda. Resonancia magnética (RM) de vías ópticas: inflamación y tortuosidad del trayecto de ambos nervios ópticos, a predominio derecho. 50 días después del accidente botrópico, aunque el paciente camina solo, no ve nada con el ojo derecho, mientras que con el ojo izquierdo ve personas como sombras.

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20 years old farmer, coming from San Miguel of Calleria (Ucayali, Perú: north-eastern jungle 842 km from Lima), bitten by a Bothrops spp snake in his left ankle, who in spite of receiving 18 hours later a unique infusion of 25 mg of antisnake polyvalent serum, develops from the first hours pain, edema and swelling of his left ankle, upward bruising of his left leg, oral bleeding, hematuria, oliguria, headache, altered consciousness, aphasia, dysarthria, meningeal signs, amaurosis, hemiparesis of his right body, ocular muscle paresis to left predominance and bilateral paralytic mydriasis. Bilateral Retinography: pale optic disc and thinned retinal blood vessels. Visual evoked response: absent waves, bilaterally. Brain Tomography (TEM): left parieto-occipital intrabrain hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), of optic pathways: inflammation and pathÆs tortuosity of both optic nerves, to right predominance. 50 days after the bothropic accident, although the patient walk alone, he does not see anything with the right eye while with the left eye sees people as shadows.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Bothrops , Antivenenos , Ceguera , Hemorragias Intracraneales , Mordeduras de Serpientes

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Adulto , Endosonografía , Neoplasias Gástricas

RESUMEN

Mujer de 58 años de edad, natural y procedente de Cerro de Pasco, agricultora y ganadera que presentó dolor torácico persistente por dos luego de un traumatismo; además, disnea progresiva, tos, vómica, hemoptisis.Las radiografías de tórax y TAC mostraron hidroneumotórax y quistes en la cavidad pleural derecho; y, quistehidatídico único no complicado localizado en el lóbulo inferior izquierdo; hígado normal. Inmunoblot parahidatidosis: positivo. Fue sometida a neumonectomía derecha y se encontró múltiples quistes pleuroparenquimalescolapsados y adheridos a pulmón, pleura, pericardio y diafragma. Desarrolló un empiema posquirúrgico.Recibió tratamiento con albendazol oral en el pre y poscirugía.

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A 58 year-old woman that was born and was coming from Cerro de Pasco and farmer referred persistent thoracic painafter a trauma; and progressive dyspnea, cough, vomica and hemoptysis. X-ray and CAT chest films showed hydropneumothorax and multiple cysts in the right pleural cavity; and, a unique uncomplicated hydatid cyst localized in the left lower lobe. The liver was normal. Immunoblot for hydatid diseasewas positive. A right thoracotomy and pneumonectomy was performed. It was found multiple pleural, pericardial andright diaphragm cysts. A post-surgical empyema of the right lung was developed. Oral treatment with albendazole was administeredpre and post surgery.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Echinococcus granulosus , Equinococosis , Equinococosis Pulmonar

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the periodontal conditions of patients with von Willebrand's Disease (vWD who went for dental examination in the "Area of attention to patients with systemic disease" of the University Hospital in Maracaibo, Venezuela. DESIGN OF THE STUDY: 40 patients (28 female and 12 male), with ages ranging from 10 to 72 years, who regularly attended dental control, were evaluated along with a control group of patients with no hemorrhagic alterations. Periodontal conditions were evaluated using the Löe and Silness Gingival Index (GI) and Greene and Vermillon's Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (SOHI). The results were analyzed using averages, Standard Deviation, Student's T-test and the Chi(2) test, with P<0.0005. RESULTS: 92.5% of the patients had Type 1 vWD and 7.5% had Type 2 or 3. Periodontal Indices: GI (0.70+/-0.40, slight) and SOHI (1,70+/-0,80, acceptable). Comparison with the control group showed that there were statistically significant differences in the SOHI (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Periodontal conditions in patients with vWD regularly attending for dental control were within acceptable parameters. Education of the patient with regard to prevention and opportune treatment is of utmost importance, thereby avoiding the oral hemorrhagic complications produced by the periodontal disease. Of equal importance is multidisciplinary teamwork.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades Periodontales/etiología , Enfermedades de von Willebrand/complicaciones , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Femenino , Estado de Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Higiene Bucal , Venezuela

RESUMEN

El cáncer de recto localmente avanzado sigue presentando el desafío de la recidiva local. La radioquimioterapia preoperatoria ha demostrado disminución del tamaño tumoral y a veces desaparición de éste, sumada a menor recidiva local. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar el uso de radioquimioterapia preoperatoria para pacientes con cáncer de recto localmente avanzados en nuestro medio. Se estableció un protocolo prospectivo para pacientes con cáncer de recto etapas II y III. Se administró FU 600 mg/m² la 1ª y 5ª semanas y 300 mg/m² la 2ª, 3ª y 4ª semanas, asociada a radioterapia de 4.500 cGy por 5 semanas. Después de 6 semanas se realizó la cirugía resectiva, completándose en el postoperatorio 6 ciclos de 5FU con Leucovorina. Entre abril de 1999 y agosto de 2001 se trataron 20 pacientes. Complicaciones graves de la radioquimioterapia ocurrieron en dos pacientes (10 por ciento). NO hubo complicaciones intraoperatorias, las postoperatorias ocurrieron en 7 casos y falleció un paciente por una bronconeumonía. En el estudio histológico de la pieza operatoria se comprobó desaparición del tumor en tres pacientes (15,7 por cientos). En una mediana de seguimiento de 15 meses no se ha detectado recidiva local

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adenocarcinoma , Cuidados Preoperatorios , Neoplasias del Recto , Adenocarcinoma , Bronconeumonía/etiología , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Leucovorina , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Estudios Prospectivos , Neoplasias del Recto

RESUMEN

Lichens are increasingly used worldwide as air quality biomonitors because they are efficient, easy and cheap, but validation studies of the methodology are scarce. Three foliose lichen biomonitoring methods were compared by field tests (in the tropical urban habitat of San José, Costa Rica) and laboratory simulations: (1) the 100 uniform squares template traditionally used in North America, (2) the European 200 uniform points template and (3) a new computer-generated random points template (10 x 20 cm) in two versions: 100 points and 50 points. Repeated measurement by the same observer causes a variation of 2-14% and the templates' error is 0.2-11%. We recommend the 100 random point template (applied to four sides of trunk) for ecological studies and the 50 random points template (applied to side with greatest lichen cover) for biomonitoring because it reduces time and costs by nearly 50% but still has acceptable reliability values.

Asunto(s)

Contaminación del Aire/análisis , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Líquenes , Análisis de Varianza , Monitoreo del Ambiente/economía , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados

RESUMEN

Lichens are increasingly used worldwide as air quality biomonitors because they are efficient, easy and cheap, but validation studies of the methodology are scarce. Three foliose lichen biomonitoring methods were compared by field tests (in the tropical urban habitat of San JosÚ, Costa Rica) and laboratory simulations: (1) the 100 uniform squares template traditionally used in North America, (2) the European 200 uniform points template and (3) a new computer-generated random points template (10 x 20 cm) in two versions: 100 points and 50 points. Repeated measurement by the same observer causes a variation of 2-14 and the templates' error is 0.2-11. We recommend the 100 random point template (applied to four sides of trunk) for ecological studies and the 50 random points template (applied to side with greatest lichen cover) for biomonitoring because it reduces time and costs by nearly 50 but still has acceptable reliability values.

Asunto(s)

Monitoreo del Ambiente , Líquenes , Contaminación del Aire/análisis , Análisis de Varianza , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados

RESUMEN

Se presenta la experiencia en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de una paciente portadora de úlcera rectal solitaria, que fue tratada en forma quirúrgica. Mujer de 49 años presenta cuadro de un año de evolución de: rectorragia, dolor anal asociado a esfuerzo defecatorio y tenesmo. Se realizó dos colonoscopias que demuestran úlcera de 3,5 cm de diámetro en cara anterior del recto, a 10 cm del margen anal. Biopsia: infiltrado inflamatorio y displasia leve. TAC abdominopélvico y CEA normales. Por sospecha de intususcepción rectal se practica defecografía, la que al momento del examen ya demuestra prolapso completo rectal, dólico sigmoides y úlcera rectal. Se decide resolución quirúrgica, practicándose resección anterior de recto, incluyendo la úlcera y fijando, con puntos, el colon descendido al promontorio. Evoluciona sin incidentes, encontrándose asintomática y obrando diariamente en control a los 2 meses

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades del Recto/cirugía , Úlcera/cirugía , Biopsia/estadística & datos numéricos , Estreñimiento/complicaciones , Defecografía/estadística & datos numéricos , Prolapso Rectal/cirugía