RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The incidence of many serious infectious diseases fundamentally decline as a success of consequent vaccination regimens. However, it is a matter of discussion if vaccination might cause unspecific negative side effects on the immune system. To answer this, we performed a clinical study on children with the question as to whether there is an enhanced frequency of infection diseases after vaccination or not. METHODS: The study population (n=496) was randomized to a group of vaccinated children (first vaccination on the 60th day of life, n=201) and a group of unvaccinated children (first vaccination on the 90th day of life, n=295). Frequencies of unspecific, morbidity-related signs were recorded by the mothers with a diary card. These data were taken for further statistical analysis to determine if the factor "vaccination" does have a significant effect on the variable "morbidity". RESULTS: Various infectious disease-associated symptoms (vomiting, coughing, signs of rhinitis, restlessness, rash and pain) were significantly less often seen in vaccinated than in non-vaccinated children. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that children who received vaccination against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, HiB and poliomyelitis simultaneously within the third month of life do not exhibit enhanced frequencies of infectious disease-associated symptoms. In contrary, the frequencies of infection-associated symptoms were found to be significantly reduced. This might be caused by a vaccination-associated unspecific enhancement of immunological activity (e.g. mediated by interleukin 2) or by other presently still unknown factors.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Transmisibles/etiología , Vacunación , Factores de Edad , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles , Enfermedades Transmisibles/epidemiología , Ética Médica , Humanos , Sistema Inmunológico/fisiología , Programas de Inmunización , Lactante , Vacunación/efectos adversosAsunto(s)
Impedancia Eléctrica , Canales Iónicos/fisiología , Potenciales de la Membrana/fisiología , Análisis Espectral/instrumentación , Células Cultivadas , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Mesilatos Ergoloides/farmacología , Deformación Eritrocítica/efectos de los fármacos , Deformación Eritrocítica/fisiología , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Eritrocitos/fisiología , Humanos , Canales Iónicos/efectos de los fármacos , Lidocaína/farmacología , Potenciales de la Membrana/efectos de los fármacos , Procaína/farmacología , Procesamiento de Señales Asistido por Computador/instrumentaciónAsunto(s)
Técnicas Biosensibles , Supervivencia Celular/fisiología , Membrana Eritrocítica/fisiología , Procesamiento de Señales Asistido por Computador/instrumentación , Análisis Espectral/instrumentación , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Mesilatos Ergoloides/farmacocinética , Mesilatos Ergoloides/farmacología , Membrana Eritrocítica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Lidocaína/farmacocinética , Lidocaína/farmacología , Potenciales de la Membrana/efectos de los fármacos , Potenciales de la Membrana/fisiología , Modelos Biológicos , Sistemas en Línea/instrumentación , Procaína/farmacocinética , Procaína/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The mucosa of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract produces an active transepithelial (or transmural) electric potential difference (tpd), which can be measured (in millivolts, mV). In CF-children receiving oral N-acetyl-cysteine treatment, the tpd of the buccal mucosa is largely the same as that in non-CF-children; the tpd of the nasal mucosa is significantly higher in CF-children. Given orally, N-acetyl-cysteine also provokes a significant decrease in the rectal mucosa tpd in CF-children. We suggest the effect is caused either by an osmotic effect of N-acetyl-cysteine (local), and/or by alteration of the factors regulating basal electrolyte transport/conductance of epithelia (chloride secretion? leaky junction?).
Asunto(s)
Acetilcisteína/uso terapéutico , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Fibrosis Quística/tratamiento farmacológico , Potenciales de la Membrana/efectos de los fármacos , Membrana Mucosa/efectos de los fármacos , Administración Oral , Administración Rectal , Asma/fisiopatología , Niño , Fibrosis Quística/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/fisiopatología , Masculino , Potenciales de la Membrana/fisiología , Mucosa Bucal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Bucal/fisiopatología , Membrana Mucosa/fisiopatología , Mucosa Nasal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Nasal/fisiopatología , Valores de ReferenciaRESUMEN
Pharmaco-kinetic studies of the cholecystographic contrast medium iodoxaminic acid (Diglumin-Iodaxamate) which is characterised by low toxicity, revealed a half-value period of 93 minutes in the serum and a urinary excretion rate of 12.5% in 24 hours. This indicated the probability that this medium would be suitable for the radiological demonstration of the biliary tract when compared with known and tried contrast media.