RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Fifteen to 20% of type 1 diabetic patients exhibit parietal cell antibodies (PCA), which are associated with autoimmune gastritis, hypochlorhydria, iron deficiency and pernicious anaemia. AIM: To examine whether Helicobacter pylori infection could explain the high prevalence of PCA and autoimmune gastropathy in diabetes. If so, H. pylori eradication could prevent autoimmune gastritis. METHODS: In 229 type 1 diabetics (M/F: 135/94; age: 41 +/- 12 years) PCA were measured. H. pylori infection was assessed by serology, urea breath test in all and by histology (updated Sydney system) in 88 subjects. Pentagastrin tests were performed in 42 patients. RESULTS: Sixty-nine patients were PCA-positive. H. pylori infection was present in 72 patients and was negatively associated with HLA-DQA1*0103-B1*0603 (OR=0.12, P=0.015) and positively with DQA1*0501-B1*0201 (OR=1.9, P=0.032). PCA-positivity was linked to HLA-DQA1*0501-B1*0301 (OR=3.9, P=0.017). A link between H. pylori and PCA was observed when PCA-positivity was defined as a titre > or = 1/20 (OR=2.0, P=0.03), but not if > or =1/40 was the cut-off point. PCA-positivity, but not H. pylori infection, was associated with iron deficiency anaemia (OR=2.7, P=0.008), pernicious anaemia (OR= 33.5, P < 0.0001), hypochlorhydria (OR=12.1, P=0.0008) and autoimmune gastritis (OR=12.5, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The HLA-bound susceptibility of H. pylori and PCA differed. PCA-positivity but not ongoing H. pylori infection is associated with autoimmune gastritis. Low titres of PCA might reflect H. pylori infection rather than autoimmune gastropathy.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/inmunología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/microbiología , Gastritis/complicaciones , Helicobacter pylori/inmunología , Células Parietales Gástricas/inmunología , Adulto , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/inmunología , Femenino , Ácido Gástrico/metabolismo , Gastritis/inmunología , Gastritis/patología , Humanos , Masculino , PentagastrinaRESUMEN
The active substances in chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) belong to chemically different structural types. The largest group of medically important compounds forming the essential oils are primarily chamazulene, (-)-alpha-bisabolol, bisabololoxides, bisabolonoxide A, trans-beta-farnesene, alpha-farnesene, spathulenol and the cis/trans-en-in-dicycloethers. Flavonoids, coumarins, mucilages, mono- and oligosaccharides also have pharmacological effects. We studied the production of essential oils in genetically transformed cultures. Sterile juvenile chamomile plants were infected with A4-Y strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. They are known plant pathogens and are capable of inducing so-called hairy roots. The transfer DNA segment of the Ri-virulence plasmid of A. rhizogenes becomes integrated in the genome of the plant cells. The isolated hairy roots grow rapidly on hormone-free media. In order to obtain bacteria-free media, we cultured the transformed roots on Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with carbenicillin (800 mg/l). To study the production of essential oils, the clones were propagated on liquid and solid MS and Gamborg (B5) media, respectively. According to gas chromatography, the composition of the essential oil of hairy root cultures on different media was found to be similar, but differing in proportion. The main component of the essential oil which was identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry was trans-beta-farnesene, as in the intact roots.