RESUMEN
We have investigated the effects of the central alpha 2 adrenoreceptor agonist, clonidine, given i.v. before induction of anaesthesia, on the haemodynamic and endocrine responses to pelvic surgery. Twenty patients were allocated randomly to receive either clonidine 3 micrograms kg-1 or an equivalent volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Arterial pressure, heart rate, and circulating concentrations of cortisol, growth hormone, glucose and lactate were measured during and in the 24 h after total abdominal hysterectomy. Arterial pressure and heart rate decreased significantly in the clonidine group during surgery and in the early postoperative period. There were no differences between groups in serum cortisol or growth hormone concentrations throughout the study. Despite an effective decrease in the cardiovascular response to surgery, clonidine 3 micrograms kg-1 i.v. had no significant effect on pituitary hormone secretion.
Asunto(s)
Agonistas alfa-Adrenérgicos/farmacología , Clonidina/farmacología , Hormona del Crecimiento/sangre , Hemodinámica/efectos de los fármacos , Histerectomía , Adulto , Glucemia/metabolismo , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Depresión Química , Femenino , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Ácido Láctico/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , PremedicaciónRESUMEN
Understanding the basic physiology of endocrinology and metabolism is important for the safe conduct of anesthesia of patients with endocrine disease. Full endocrine assessment and considered interpretation of the results is essential before anesthesia and surgery. In this chapter, we have covered the background physiology and the basic investigations that may be required to diagnose and direct treatment in order to optimize perioperative care.
Asunto(s)
Anestesia , Enfermedades del Sistema Endocrino/fisiopatología , Sistema Endocrino/fisiología , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Endocrinos , Enfermedades del Sistema Endocrino/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Sistema Endocrino/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Trained musicians able to transcribe music make fewer erros in recognition of conventional melodies when the melodies are presented in the right ear, but show more right ear than left ear errors in the recognition of random note sequences. Other subjects, even though able to read music and play instruments, make more errors across all types of stimuli when stimuli are presented in the right ear. The ability to transcribe music, but not the ability to read music or to play instruments is associated with a sharp reduction in errors for stimuli presented in either ear.