RESUMEN
The paper sums up molecular epidemiological data on all variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolated in the Perm region in August 1988-March 1998. A total of 24 foci (40 cases) of HIV infection were detected; 20 of these were imported from other regions (Russian Federation, Ukraine, Belarus, Bulgaria, Poland, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia). In August 1988-September 1996 viruses of 3 env subtypes (B, D, and G) were isolated in the region, and the virus was mainly sexually transmitted. All cases of HIV infection recorded in September 1996-March 1998 were detected in intravenous drug users and subjects who had sexual intercourse with HIV-infected drug users. The same 3 variants of HIV-1 with genotypes gagAenvA, gagBenvB, and gagAenvB were isolated in the Perm region during this period as in other regions of Russia.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , VIH-1/genética , Femenino , Variación Genética , Genoma Viral , Infecciones por VIH/transmisión , Infecciones por VIH/virología , VIH-1/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Masculino , Siberia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The necessity of monitoring the spread of drug addiction in the system of epidemiological surveillance on HIV infection and parenteral virus hepatitides is shown. The results of the epidemiological diagnostics of registered drug addiction are presented. The criteria for the assessment of the epidemiological effectiveness of epidemiological surveillance on drug addiction are determined. As revealed in this study, during the period of 1991-1998 morbidity in drug addiction rose 57-fold in Perm Province, while the number of HIV-infected persons increased 75-fold. Pronounced direct relationship between the number of drug addicts, as well as persons belonging to groups of high risk of developing drug addiction, and the dynamics of morbidity in HIV infection and parenteral virus hepatitides B and C was established.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , VIH-1 , Hepatitis B/epidemiología , Hepatitis C/epidemiología , Vigilancia de la Población , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Sífilis/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , Incidencia , Morbilidad/tendencias , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Federación de Rusia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
To give a rationale for using homologous gamma globulin with antihemagglutinin titers of 1 : 20 to 1 : 80 for the prophylaxis of tick-borne encephalitis, 5-year observations covering all persons attacked by ticks in one of the intensive natural foci of the disease in the Western Urals have been made. The threefold statistically significant difference in the morbidity rate of tick-borne encephalitis between groups of persons immunized and not immunized with gamma globulin has been shown.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antiidiotipos/análisis , Encefalitis Transmitida por Garrapatas/prevención & control , Inmunización Pasiva , gammaglobulinas/inmunología , Reservorios de Enfermedades , Evaluación de Medicamentos , Encefalitis Transmitida por Garrapatas/epidemiología , Encefalitis Transmitida por Garrapatas/inmunología , Humanos , Población Rural , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
The study of 449 family foci of salmonellosis demonstrated the possibility of detecting cases of salmonellosis, not diagnosed by clinical and bacteriological methods, in the passive hemagglutination test. Such undetected Salmonella carriers, not observing the rules of personal hygiene, contributed to the contamination of household articles, foodstuffs and the environment. The formation of the family foci of salmonellosis was facilitated by the belated detection and hospitalization of salmonelloses cases, as well as by the inadequate observance of the rules for infant care and feeding.
Asunto(s)
Reservorios de Enfermedades , Infecciones por Salmonella/epidemiología , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/análisis , Portador Sano/epidemiología , Portador Sano/microbiología , Microbiología Ambiental , Pruebas de Hemaglutinación , Humanos , Federación de Rusia , Infecciones por Salmonella/genética , Infecciones por Salmonella/microbiología , Infecciones por Salmonella/transmisión , Salmonella typhimurium/inmunología , Salmonella typhimurium/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
The authors describe an outbreak of alimentary angina occurring at one of the large enterprises of Perm in April, 1975--185 persons fell ill in the course of 3 days. The diagnosis of follicular angina was made in 61.6, of lacunar--in 38.4% of cases. Mild course was noted in 63.9, moderately severe--in 31.4, and severe--in 4.7% of cases. All these patients catered at the same place and ate sour cream. Hemolytic streptococcus was isolated in bacteriological examination of the nasopharyngeal mucus in 39 to 51 patients examined, as well as of the cook and confectioner of the catering establishment.