RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Perinatal period begins at 22 gestational weeks and ends seven days after birth. Perinatal mortality is an important quality indicator of the obstetric and pediatric care available, and representative of the population's health service. OBJECTIVE: To know fetal, early neonatal, and perinatal dead rates, and them main mortality causes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Descriptive and retrospective study at IMSS's no. 32 UMAE (Monterrey, Nuevo León, México), from January 2002 to December 2006. Mortality rates during fetal and perinatal, or neonatal periods, were estimated per 1,000 births or 1,000 live born, respectively. RESULTS: There were 1,681 deaths: 747 stillbirths and 934 neonatal. Two hundred and nineteen (29.3%) stillbirths had 22 to 27 gestational weeks, and 528 (70.6%) had 28. Three hundred and sixty neonatal deaths (38.5%) occurred before 27th gestational week, 320 (34.2%) between weeks 28th and 35th, and 254 (27.1%) after 36 weeks of pregnancy. Seven hundred and sixty four neonates died within 0 to 6 days of life, and 170 (18%) between seventh to 28th days of life. Fetal, neonatal, early neonatal, and late neonatal mortality rates were 7.2 in 1,000 births, 9.08 in 1,000 live born, 7.42 in 1,000 live born, and 1.65 in 1,000 births, respectively, and overall perinatal mortality rate was 14.58 in 1,000 births. CONCLUSIONS: Stillbirth, early neonatal, and perinatal mortality rates of this study were under national mean. Main mortality causes (70%) were congenital defects and prematurity.
Asunto(s)
Mortalidad Perinatal/tendencias , Femenino , Hospitales Especializados , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , México , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: pregnant women with Rh alloimmunization (RhA) are submitted to invasive procedures to assess fetal anemia (FA). Recently a non-invasive approach to FA diagnosis has been proposed using Doppler ultrasound (DU) to identify increased peak velocity of systolic blood flow (Vm) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA). METHODOLOGY: eleven Rh alloimmunized pregnant women with serum red-cell antibody titers > 1:16 were included. Twenty-four procedures were done measuring the VmMCA followed by cordocentesis and fetal hemoglobin (FH) analysis. Pearson's linear correlation was calculated between the multiples of the median (MoM) of the VmMCA and the MoM of the FH, as well as the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) for FA prediction. RESULTS: we found FA (FH mean = 6 g/dL) in 12 of 24 evaluations with a VmMCA mean of 1.5 MoM and a range from 1.22 to 1.68 MoM; in the remaining 12 cases the FH was normal (FH mean = 13.1 g/dL) with a VmMCA mean of 0.97 MoM and a range from 0.35-1.17 MoM (p < 0.001). Eleven fetuses with anemia had a MoM of the VmMCA above 1.29, except one with 1.22 MoM. The linear correlation between the MoM of the VmMCA and the MoM of FH was 0.83. The sensitivity of the MoM of the VmMCA to detect FA was 91%, specificity of 100% and PPV of 100%. CONCLUSIONS: DU measurement of the VmMCA was a useful non-invasive technique to evaluate FA. The sensitivity and PPV for FA diagnosis in RhA was above 90%.
Asunto(s)
Anemia/sangre , Anemia/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Fetales/sangre , Enfermedades Fetales/diagnóstico por imagen , Isoinmunización Rh , Ultrasonografía Doppler , Ultrasonografía Prenatal , Femenino , Humanos , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Embarazo , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of congenital cardiac defects is 8 per 1000 neonates, and it's different if high or low risk populations are studied. The fetal ultrasonographic increase prenatal detection but varies from 7 to 90%. OBJECTIVES: To know the prevalence of fetal cardiopathy and detection in high risk pregnancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A observational study was made in pregnancies women with 16 old week of gestation. RESULTS: We received a total of 3500 high-risk pregnancies and were detected 112 cases with fetal cardiopathy (3.2%). The 30% of them had a risk factor of cardiopathy. The most frequent fetal cardiac defect detected were arrhythmia in 34 fetus, septal defects in 30, valvular defects in 17, hypoplasic or absence of cardiac cavities 16, tronco-conus defects 8, and other 7 included ectopia cordis 3, cardiac tumor 2, abnormal drainage of pulmonary veins 2. The diagnosis increased every year since started study. The prenatal diagnoses suspected in fetal echocardiography were confirmed in 80% of the cases in neonatal period. CONCLUSION: The detection rate of fetal cardiac defect was 3.2% in high-risk pregnancies, four times higher than general population prevalence of congenital heart disease. We found a 30% overall perinatal mortality in fetal cardiac defect. The most frequent fetal cardiac defects found in this screening were arrhythmias and septal ventricular defects in almost 50% of patients.
Asunto(s)
Cardiopatías Congénitas/diagnóstico por imagen , Cardiopatías Congénitas/epidemiología , Ultrasonografía Prenatal , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
The pentalogy of Cantrell is a rare congenital syndrome characterized by deficiency of the anterior diaphragm and defects of abdominal wall, the pericardium, the lower sternum, as well as congenital intracardiac abnormalities. It has usually a poor prognosis, but most cases have had incomplete variants of this syndrome, so it is important to make a prenatal diagnosis to determine the size of the wall defect and to establish a multidisciplinary management. Less than 90 cases have been reported in the world literature. There are no casuistic or even treatment criteria in Latin America. A case of a newborn in whom was suspected this pentalogy associated to bilateral cleft lip by an ultrasound examination at 25 week of gestation is described. We also comment on diagnostic aspects, as well as anatomopathological, therapeutic, and prognostic characteristics.
Asunto(s)
Labio Leporino/diagnóstico por imagen , Pentalogía de Cantrell/diagnóstico por imagen , Ultrasonografía Prenatal , Adulto , Labio Leporino/embriología , Ectopía Cordis/diagnóstico por imagen , Ectopía Cordis/embriología , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Edad Gestacional , Hernia Umbilical/diagnóstico por imagen , Hernia Umbilical/embriología , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Pentalogía de Cantrell/embriología , Embarazo , PronósticoRESUMEN
Se llevó a cabo un estudio doblemente ciego prospectivo (placebo-testigo), para evaluar las modificaciones cervicales y la seguridad de una sola aplicación intracervical de 0.5mg de PGE2. Se estudiaron 60 pacientes en las cuales había indicación médica y obstétrica de interrupción del embarazo. En el grupo PGE2 se encontraron mayores tasas de inducciones existosas, progresión en los índices de Bishop, reducción en el trabajo de parto y en el tiempo e inducción, todo lo anterior con significado estadístico. De esta misma manera, en el grupo PGE2 hubo menor número de casos que requirieron oxitocina y cuando ésta se utilizó las dosis fueron menores. No hubo diferencia en las tasas de operación cesárea, pero se observó que en el grupo testigo la principal indicación de la operación fue cervix desfavorable; en contraste, en el grupo de estudio se encontraron otras indicaciones distintas a las de cervix desfavorable o sufrimiento fetal. Un amplio margen de seguridad se observó en madre y feto, ya que no hubo casos de sufrimiento fetal, ni diferencias en la evaluación neonatal (calificación de Apgar). Los efectos maternos fueron similares en ambos grupos, a excepción de un aumento significativo en el ácido úrico y frecuencia de polisistolia en el grupo de prostaglandina, pero sin traducción clínica. En conclusión, la prostaglandina E2 es una droga efectiva y segura para la inducción del trabajo de parto, usada a la dosis y por la vía antes mencionada