RESUMEN
Thermal, functional and nutritional properties of the main protein fractions and a protein isolate of chia seed from the state of Jalisco, Mexico, were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, gelling, foaming, water-holding capacity (WHC) and oil-holding capacity, amino acid profile, chemical score and in vitro digestibility tests. The protein isolate showed good WHC (4.06 g/g) and excellent oil-retention capacities (4.04 g/g), making it attractive as an additive in bakery products and food emulsions. It also contained high amounts of glutamic acid (123 g/kg raw protein), arginine (80.6 g/kg raw protein) and aspartic acid (61.3 g/kg raw protein). However, its essential amino acid profile showed deficiencies with respect to the 1985 standard of the FAO/WHO/UNU for pre-school children. Therefore, its use as a sole protein source is not recommended; supplementation with a lysine-rich source would be necessary, as this was the limiting amino acid.
Asunto(s)
Alimentos Fortificados/análisis , Preparaciones de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Salvia/química , Semillas/química , Arginina/análisis , Ácido Aspártico/análisis , Rastreo Diferencial de Calorimetría , Fenómenos Químicos , Aceite de Maíz/análisis , Aceite de Maíz/química , Digestión , Geles , Ácido Glutámico/análisis , Glútenes/química , México , Valor Nutritivo , Estabilidad Proteica , Temperatura , Agua/análisisRESUMEN
The study objective was to estimate the level of asthma knowledge and self-management skills among asthmatic patients who are not on inhaled corticosteroids and who present with acute asthma to the emergency department (ED). The design was to interview of patients by telephone at 90 to 100 days after enrollment in the Fourth Multicenter Airways Research Collaboration (MARC-4), a randomized trial comparing inhaled fluticasone versus placebo in addition to standard post-ED therapy. The setting was a multicenter trial involving 41 US urban EDs. Persons aged 12 to 54, not on inhaled steroids, who presented to the ED with acute asthma were studied. Of the 617 patients enrolled on MARC-4 405 (66%) were contacted. Mean (+/-SD) age was 30 (+/-11); 54% were women; acute asthma severity was 44% moderate and 56% severe; and 9% had prior intubation. Twenty percent (95% CI 16%-24%) responded that asthma could not be monitored and 40% (95% CI 35%-44%) scored low on a hypothetical acute asthma attack scenario. Predictors for lack of asthma knowledge and self-management skills were: less than a high school education; current smoking; lower median household income; and no history of steroid use. These data suggest that many ED patients with asthma have poor knowledge of asthma monitoring and poor self-management skills and that a "high risk" group is also identifiable. Efforts to design and implement an ED-based educational program should be tailored to better meet the needs of this high risk group.
Asunto(s)
Asma/terapia , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Educación del Paciente como Asunto , Autocuidado , Enfermedad Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Riesgo , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Agrin secreted by motor neurons is a critical signal for postsynaptic differentiation at the developing neuromuscular junction. We used cultures of chick ventral spinal cord neurons with rat myotubes and immunofluorescence with species-specific antibodies to determine the distribution of agrin secreted by neurons and compare it to the distribution of agrin secreted by myotubes. In addition, we determined the distribution of agrin secreted by isolated chick ventral spinal cord neurons and rat motor neurons grown on a substrate that binds agrin. In cocultures, neuronal agrin was concentrated along axons at sites of axon-induced acetylcholine receptor (AChR) aggregation and was found at every such synaptic site, consistent with its role in synaptogenesis. Smaller amounts of agrin were found on dendrites and cell bodies and rarely were associated with AChR aggregation. Muscle agrin, recognized by an antibody against rat agrin, was found at nonsynaptic sites of AChR aggregation but was not detected at synaptic sites, in contrast to neuronal agrin. In cultures of isolated chick neurons or rat motor neurons, agrin was deposited relatively uniformly around axons and dendrites during the first 2-3 days in culture. In older cultures, agrin immunoreactivity was markedly more intense around axons than dendrites, indicating that motor neurons possess an intrinsic, developmentally regulated program to target agrin secretion to axons.
Asunto(s)
Agrina/metabolismo , Axones/metabolismo , Neuronas/metabolismo , Médula Espinal/embriología , Sinapsis/metabolismo , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Embrión de Pollo , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Neuronas Motoras/metabolismo , Músculos/citología , Músculos/embriología , Músculos/metabolismo , Ratas , Médula Espinal/citología , Médula Espinal/metabolismo , Distribución TisularRESUMEN
Understanding of vertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ) development has been advanced by experimentation with cultures of dissociated embryonic nerve and skeletal muscle cells, particularly those derived from Xenopus and chick embryos. We previously developed a rodent (rat) nerve-muscle coculture system that is characterized by extensive induction of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) aggregation at sites of axonal contact with myotubes (Dutton et al., 1995). In this article, we report modifications of this culture system and examples of its application to the study of NMJ development: (1) We describe improved methods for the enrichment of myoblasts to give higher yields of myotubes with equal or greater purity. (2) We demonstrate lipophilic dye labeling of axons in cocultures by injection of dye into neuron aggregates and show the feasibility of studying the growth of living axons on myotubes during synapse formation. (3) We describe the preparation of a better-defined coculture system containing myotubes with purified rat motoneurons and characterize the system with respect to axon-induced AChR aggregation. (4) We demonstrate dependence of the pattern of axon-induced AChR aggregation on muscle cell species, by the use of chick-rat chimeric co-cultures. (5) We provide evidence for the role of alternatively-spliced agrin isoforms in synapse formation by using single cell RT-PCR with neurons collected from co-cultures after observation of axon-induced AChR aggregation. Microsc. Res. Tech. 49:26-37, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Asunto(s)
Músculo Esquelético/citología , Unión Neuromuscular/crecimiento & desarrollo , Neuronas/citología , Agrina/genética , Agrina/metabolismo , Empalme Alternativo , Animales , Axones/metabolismo , Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula/métodos , Células Cultivadas , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Expresión Génica , Neuronas Motoras/metabolismo , Unión Neuromuscular/metabolismo , Neuronas/metabolismo , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , Ratas , Agregación de Receptores , Receptores Colinérgicos/metabolismoRESUMEN
This is a prospective study of cardiac arrhythmias in patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) secondary to ruptured aneurysm. Twenty per cent of the patients had serious, life-threatening arrhythmias. However, 100% of the patients had some kind of cardiac arrhythmia. The arrhythmias occurred during the first 48 hours after SAH. Such arrhythmias occur in patients without overt, pre-existing heart disease, hypoxemia, or electrolyte imbalance. A prolonged Q-T interval is frequently observed in patients with SAH who develop serious ventricular arrhythmias. (Neurosurgery, 5: 675--680, 1979).
Asunto(s)
Arritmias Cardíacas/etiología , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/complicaciones , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Arritmias Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Bradicardia/etiología , Electrocardiografía , Bloqueo Cardíaco/etiología , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraneal/complicaciones , Presión Intracraneal , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Taquicardia/etiologíaRESUMEN
Case report of acute autonomic neuropathy. It is the twelfth case reported in literature and the second case associated to positive serological tests for infectious mononucleosis. We are reporting for the first time plasma renin activity, decrease response to repetitive pacing of the S-A node, insulin curve with radio-immunoassay and cardiac catheterization findings.