RESUMEN

The effects of dietary fat supplementation on performance, fatty acid (FA) composition of tissues and antioxidant defence system of broilers were studied. Male broilers were placed in 20 floor pens (60 broilers per pen). The broilers were fed by diets with added different energy sources: lard (L); sunflower oil (SFO); soybean oil (SBO); and linseed oil (LSO). The treatments did not modify significantly growth performance and feed intake of the broilers. There was no effect of dietary FA pattern on reduced glutathione level and glutathione peroxidase activity of plasma, erythrocyte and liver samples. However, higher PUFA content of the diet resulted in a significant increase in malondialdehyde level of erythrocytes and liver. The broilers fed LSO diet more effectively maintained their antioxidant status with enhanced plasma radical scavenger capacity. FA composition in tissues reflected the FA pattern of the diets, although proportion of FAs with four or more double bonds was metabolic specific. LSO diet increased the level of C18:3, C20:5 and C22:6 in tissue lipids in relation to L, SFO and SBO diets. Significantly increased plasma radical scavenging capacity in concert with the enhanced C20:5 and C22:6 proportion in liver and muscle during LSO feeding indicate metabolic changes to counteract the oxidative injury. This may be related to the compounds produced after different biochemical pathways of n-6 and n-3 FAs.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Composición Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Pollos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Grasas Insaturadas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Grasas de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Alimentación Animal , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Animales , Composición Corporal/fisiología , Grasas de la Dieta/farmacología , Grasas Insaturadas en la Dieta/farmacología , Ingestión de Energía , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Aceite de Linaza/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Aceites de Plantas/administración & dosificación , Distribución Aleatoria , Aceite de Soja/administración & dosificación , Aceite de Girasol , Distribución Tisular

RESUMEN

Both chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and fatty liver may develop at the same time. Hesperidin and diosmin are used for the treatment CVI. There is no information, however, on the effect of these flavonoids in the redox state of fatty liver. In this study, male Wistar albino rats were fed a lipid-rich diet with or without 450 mg diosmin-50 mg hesperidin-containing drug (60 mg kg(-1) body weight/day, per os) for 9 days to determine the impact of treatment on antioxidant defence system of the fatty liver. We detected free SH-group concentration (SHC), hydrogen-donating ability (HDA), and natural scavenger capacity were decreased and hepatic malonaldehyde content and dien conjugate (DC) content in rats with fatty liver were increased compared to the control. After treatment in fatty liver, these parameters (except DC) significantly improved and approached the control value. Our results indicate that diosmin-hesperidin-containing drug may be a useful agent in improving the antioxidant defensive system in alimentary-induced fatty liver disease.

Asunto(s)

Citrus/química , Hígado Graso/inducido químicamente , Hígado Graso/metabolismo , Flavonoides/farmacología , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Fosfatasa Alcalina/metabolismo , Animales , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Colesterol/metabolismo , HDL-Colesterol/metabolismo , Dieta , Grasas de la Dieta , Hígado Graso/patología , Hepatocitos/patología , Homeostasis/efectos de los fármacos , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Pruebas de Función Hepática , Masculino , Oxidación-Reducción , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Triglicéridos/metabolismo

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Conflicting results were reported about the efficacy of vitamin E (E) treatment in porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT). We conducted a study in PCT patients to investigate whether E treatment has any additional beneficial effects compared with phlebotomy (P) treatment alone on rheological and oxidative stress parameters. METHODS: Twenty three patients with sporadic PCT in clinical remission and 10 healthy control patients were studied. All patients were treated with P prior to the study until clinical remission was achieved. Baseline routine laboratory [blood glucose, serum lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP), iron metabolism indices, liver function tests], oxidative stress [serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), plasma H-donor activity, plasma free SH-groups, erythrocyte glutathion peroxidase activity] and rheological parameters (whole blood and plasma viscosity, cell transit time, clogging rate) were measured in both groups. Then all PCT patients received E (tocopherol acetate) 200 mg/day for 8 weeks and at the end of treatment measurements identical to those performed at baseline were repeated. RESULTS: Increased urine uroporphyrin, serum CRP, TBARS concentrations, whole blood and plasma viscosity and decreased plasma H-donor activity, free SH-group level, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity were detected in PCT patients treated with P alone compared with control group consistent with residual oxidative stress in PCT patients. E treatment decreased urine uroporphyrin and serum TBARS concentrations; increased plasma H-donor activity and did not influence whole blood and plasma viscosity compared with P treatment alone. CONCLUSIONS: E treatment reduced the residual oxidative stress and did not influence increased plasma and whole blood viscosity present in PCT patients receiving P treatment prior to clinical remission.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Hemorreología/efectos de los fármacos , Flebotomía , Porfiria Cutánea Tardía/terapia , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Glucemia/análisis , Viscosidad Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Deformación Eritrocítica/efectos de los fármacos , Heces/química , Femenino , Ferritinas/sangre , Glutatión Peroxidasa/sangre , Homeostasis/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Lípidos/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oxidación-Reducción/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Porfiria Cutánea Tardía/sangre , Porfiria Cutánea Tardía/tratamiento farmacológico , Porfiria Cutánea Tardía/orina , Porfirinas/sangre , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/análisis , Uroporfirinas/orina , Vitamina A/sangre , Vitamina E/administración & dosificación , Vitamina E/sangre , Vitamina E/farmacología , gamma-Glutamiltransferasa/sangre

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Chinese Beiqishen tea was studied in an in vitro test system. METHODS: Phytochemical screening, trace element analysis, and the analysis of antioxidant properties were carried out. Characteristic constituents were determined by chromatographic (capillary gas chromatography and GCQ Ion Trap mass spectrometry) and spectrometric (ultraviolet and UV-VIS) methods. Element concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Antioxidant capacity was studied by spectrophotometric and luminometric techniques using a Berthold Lumat 9501 luminometer. Hydrogen-donating activity, reducing power, and total scavenger capacity were measured. RESULTS: Total polyphenol content was 20.77 +/- 0.52 g/100 g of drug; total flavonoid content was 0.485 +/- 0.036 g/100 g of drug; and tannin content was 9.063 +/- 0.782 g/100 g of drug. Caffeine content was 1.08 mg/100 g of drug. Essential oils were identified by gas chromatography: (+)-limonene (21%), p-cymene (1.7%), estragol (3.2%), beta-ocimene (1.4%), and thymol (2.6%). Metallic ion analysis showed significantly high concentrations of Al, As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Ti in the drug. Antioxidant and scavenger properties were identified as a function of concentration. CONCLUSIONS: The tea infusion contained some non-desirable trace elements and caffeine in addition to polyphenols and tannins in high concentrations. Therefore, the consumption of this tea may involve risks.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes/análisis , Bebidas/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Oligoelementos/análisis , Alcaloides/análisis , Planta del Astrágalo/química , Cafeína/análisis , Flavonoides/análisis , Análisis de los Alimentos , Lycium/química , Aceites Volátiles/análisis , Fenoles/análisis , Polifenoles , Reishi/química , Taninos/análisis , Té/química

RESUMEN

The effect of black radish root (Raphanus sativus L. var niger) was studied on the structure and redox state of the colon mucosa in fat-rich diet fed rats. The epithelial lining disrupted, the number of enterocytes and the goblet cells reduced and inflammatory cells were observed in rats fed with a fat-rich diet. After treatment with granules from black radish root all of the histopathological changes and parameters of the redox state caused by the fat-rich diet were improved. The structure of the epithelial cells was similar to the controls, the number of goblet cells increased and no inflammation was observed.

Asunto(s)

Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Grasas de la Dieta , Hipolipemiantes/farmacología , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Raphanus , Animales , Colon/citología , Colon/ultraestructura , Hiperlipidemias/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipolipemiantes/administración & dosificación , Hipolipemiantes/uso terapéutico , Mucosa Intestinal/citología , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/ultraestructura , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Raíces de Plantas , Ratas , Ratas Wistar

RESUMEN

The extensive role of the microsomal mixed-function oxidase (MFO) system in the oxidation of endo-and xenobiotics, in the detoxication, in the generation of reactive free radicals and in the decomposition of the end products of lipid peroxides is well documented in the literature. Steatotic liver is a very frequent damage with different etiology. Drug metabolising reactions are suppressed in fatty liver, in which pathologically increased production of reactive oxygen intermediates may lead to the peroxidation of microsomal membrane lipids and to the change of membrane bound enzyme activities because of overwhelmed protective mechanisms. The subnormal activity of the MFO system may diminish the non specific resistance of the organism. Therefore we have studied the effects of natural flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds on the mixed-function oxidases. Antioxidant, O(2)(-&z.rad;) and &z. rad;OH scavenger properties of Sempervivum tectorum extract (STF1) were proved by EPR spectroscopic and chemiluminometric techniques. Potential bioactive constituents were determined by chromatography (HPLC, TLC) and spectrometric (UV, UV-VIS) methods. In the present study we reflect on the membrane stabilising, antioxidant and lipid metabolism modifying effects of this extract. It was established that activities of NAD(P)H reductase and content of cytochrome P450 were normalised in liver microsomes of hyperlipidemic rats, if the animals were treated with STF1 (2 g/bwkg for 9 days in drinking water parallel with fat-rich diet feeding). Fatty acid composition, examined by HRGLC analysis, was changed beneficially. NADPH induced lipid peroxidation was also decreased in microsomes in in vivo and in vitro experiments. At the same time the STF1 had no significant influence on MFO system in normolipidemic animals and on cytochrome b5 concentration of microsome fractions of hyperlipidemic rats.

Asunto(s)

Flavonoides/farmacología , Hiperlipidemias/enzimología , Magnoliopsida/química , Microsomas Hepáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Oxigenasas de Función Mixta/metabolismo , Fenoles/farmacología , Polímeros/farmacología , Animales , Cromatografía de Gases , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Masculino , Microsomas Hepáticos/enzimología , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Polímeros/aislamiento & purificación , Ratas , Ratas Wistar

RESUMEN

The flavonoids similarly to the other phenolic substances are secondary products of the plant metabolism. Their basic role is the defence of the plant cell from different damaging agents such as UV light, fungus, insects, viruses and oxygen free radicals. Laboratory and epidemiological studies have proved their wide-range chemical, biological and biochemical effects. Their beneficial action is unquestionable in preservation of health and prevention of diseases. The author presents the chemical structure, biochemical effects of the most frequently studied flavonoids, their metabolism and bioavailability, the flavonoid intake of the population, and the possible side effect of the components.

Asunto(s)

Flavonoides/farmacología , Alimentos , Anticarcinógenos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Estudios Epidemiológicos , Conducta Alimentaria , Flavonoides/efectos adversos , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Humanos , Absorción Intestinal

RESUMEN

Standardised aqueous extracts of chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium L. Hoffm.) (Apiacae) were investigated for antioxidant effect. Numerous in vitro test methods were used to determine whether the extracts, from different vegetative parts (root, herb) had H-donor, metal binding, reductive, free radical scavenging and membrane protective activity. Apiin was used as a reference material. The herb extract showed better activity in all experiments than the root extract. The present results underline that the wateric chervil extracts have antioxidant and anti-lipoperoxidant activity.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes/farmacología , Apiaceae/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar

RESUMEN

Dandelions have long been used in herbal medicine for their choleretic, diuretic, antiinflammatory, appetite-stimulating and laxative properties. An antioxidant property can be supposed as a basis of their-therapeutic effects. To understand the mechanism of the drug's action, the effects of natural extracts on a microsomal fraction of rat liver were examined. The extracts diminished the enzymatically induced-lipid peroxidation and reduced the cytochrome c with and without NADPH in a concentration dependent manner.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes/farmacología , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Microsomas Hepáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Plantas Medicinales/química , Animales , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , Ratas

RESUMEN

In the present study the antioxidant activity of some selected Hungarian red wines produced in traditional wine-growing regions of the country was investigated in different chemical systems. All the samples exhibited strong hydrogen-donating ability, showed significant reducing power and copper-chelating ability. The samples could retard the autooxidation of linoleic acid during a 10-days incubation period at 40 degrees C. All the investigated properties depended on the total polyphenol content of the wines. The highest polyphenol content and antioxidant activity was in Pinot Noir and in Merlot from Villány. Results of this research and other literary data indicate that polyphenols in the concentrations in wines consumed frequently, and moderately together with meal can give an antioxidative contribution to the human health.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes/análisis , Flavonoides , Vino/análisis , Quelantes/análisis , Humanos , Hungría , Técnicas In Vitro , Fenoles/análisis , Polímeros/análisis , Polifenoles

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Colitis Ulcerosa/sangre , Enfermedad de Crohn/sangre , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Adulto , Colitis Ulcerosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Crohn/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/sangre , Humanos , Mediciones Luminiscentes , Masculino , Mesalamina/sangre , Mesalamina/uso terapéutico , Protones

RESUMEN

The in vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of the ethanol extract from Ginkgo biloba L. was examined in different systems. The extract showed hydrogen-donating ability, reducing power, copper-binding property, free radical scavenging activity in a H2O2/.OH-luminol system and it could prevent the autoxidation of linoleic acid. All these properties are involved in the overall antioxidant activity of Ginkgo biloba which makes it suitable for the prevention of human disease in which free radicals play an important role.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes/química , Ginkgo biloba/química , Plantas Medicinales , Radicales Libres/química , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Extractos Vegetales/química , Hojas de la Planta/química

RESUMEN

The biologically important components of Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench are the flavonoids, which may have choleretic, hepatoprotective and antimicrobial properties. During our study, we examined the flavonoids present in the lyophilizate of the inflorescence of Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench (Helichrysi flos, syn. Stoechados flos) and in the tea made from the inflorescence via qualitative and quantitative analysis, and determined the flavonoid content. We examined the properties of the lyophilizate antioxidant, and measured the H-donor activity, reducing power property and total scavenger capacity via spectrophotometric and chemiluminescent methods. We compared the results with those of the agent present in milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.), the silibinin flavonoid. Regarding the H-donor activity, our lyophilizate was determined to be more effective than the silibinin at the same amounts; on the other hand, its reducing power property and total scavenger capacity was lower than that of silibinin. The flavonoid content, which is responsible for the lyophilizate effect, was found to be 0.47% according to our measurements; it is, therefore, possible that an extract with such a concentration of flavonoids may be of therapeutic benefit.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes/análisis , Flavonoides/análisis , Plantas Medicinales/química , Mediciones Luminiscentes

RESUMEN

Free radical reactions have excited excessive research in the past two decades. Since then it has been proven that these mechanisms may be important in the pathogenesis of certain diseases and aging. Many synthetic antioxidant components have shown toxic and/or mutagenic effects, which have directed most of the attention on the naturally occurring antioxidants. Their use has mainly centered around prevention, and the maintenance of health. Parsley, Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym. ex A. W. Hill belonging to the Apiaceae family, is a well-known spice and vegetable. Its herb and root are widely known for their effects on digestion, stomach, kidney, blood, and liver. The essential oil obtained from the fruit has also strong action on the central nervous system. Characteristic constituents are: flavonoids (apiin, luteolin-, apigenin-glycosides), essential oil (apiol, miriszticin), cumarines, (bergapten, imperatorin) and vitamin C. In our experimental work, various extracts prepared from different vegetative organs of parsley have been investigated. The chemical composition of the extracts and fractions were analyzed by chromatographic (GC, HPLC) and spectroscopic (UV, UV-VIS) techniques. We intended to provide evidence for the antioxidant activity of vegetable drugs and also studied the free radical scavenger activities by means of spectrophotometry (H-donor activity, reducing capability, chelat formation) and chemiluminometry. To prove the free radical scavenging effect of the extracts, the reduced intensity of the H2O2/.OH-isoluminol, microperoxidase system was studied in vitro. The highest correlation was found between the chemical property and the antioxidant effect of the flavonoid rich samples. At the same time it was also observed that the essential oil plays a significant role in the scavenging effect as well. More experiments are in progress to study the most promising compounds in the vegetative and generative organs of parsley.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes/química , Apiaceae , Depuradores de Radicales Libres , Extractos Vegetales/química , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Ácido Ascórbico/química , Ácido Ascórbico/aislamiento & purificación , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites Volátiles/aislamiento & purificación , Plantas Medicinales

RESUMEN

Many scientific studies have been searching for the reason of so-called Paradox, the anomaly which means that in several parts of France and other Mediterranean countries the morbidity and mortality of coronary heart diseases in absolute value and in consideration of its rate to other manner of death is significantly lower than that is in other developed countries, despite of the high consumption of fat and saturated fatty acids. The reason of this cardioprotective effect might be among others the typical Mediterranean diet and the regularly consumption of red wine. This conception may be proved since the polyphenolic compounds present in red wine in concentration of 1800-3000 mg/l are antioxidants, free radical scavengers and inhibit the lipid peroxidation processes in vitro and in vivo, as well. Beside dietary antioxidants such as tocopherols, ascorbic acid and carotenoids, the polyphenolic compounds of plant origin exert favourable effects on cardioprotective mechanisms. Phenolic compounds of red win (flavonoids and non-flavonoid components) inhibit the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins, the eicosanoid synthesis and platelet aggregation and promote the formation of endothel-dependent relaxation factor (nitrogen oxide). According to scientific results of the last decade it seems to be proved that moderate consumption of red wine - 2-3 unit/day for healthy men, and 1-2 unit/day for healthy women (1 unit = 12 g alcohol) -, cannot be criticised either medically nor socially and have a beneficial effect on reducing coronary heart diseases.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedad Coronaria/prevención & control , Flavonoides , Fenoles/farmacología , Polímeros/farmacología , Vino , Anciano , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Enfermedad Coronaria/mortalidad , Femenino , Francia/epidemiología , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/farmacología , Humanos , Italia/epidemiología , Lipoproteínas LDL/farmacología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polifenoles , España/epidemiología , Vino/análisis

RESUMEN

In blood samples of 54 obese persons (13 men, 41 women) some lipid components, malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activities of free radical protecting enzymes superoxide-dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-peroxidase (GSHpx), were determined before and after a seven-day slimming diet of 2.1 MJ/day. Body weight, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and HDL-3-cholesterol all decreased, total cholesterol increased after the seven days hospitalization. After continuing the slimming diet (5.0-6.3 MJ/day) at home, HDL-2-cholesterol increased and total cholesterol returned to the initial value after three months. MDA decreased in the groups of hyperlipoproteinemia II/a and II/b and also in the group with high cholesterol and triglyceride levels (above 5.7 and 2.7 mmol/l). Correlation coefficients refer to the dominant role of high TG in the intensity of lipid peroxidation. The activity of SOD fell after the slimming, independent of lipid parameters. GSHpx activity remained unchanged except a drop in the male participants having high cholesterol levels. The behavior of the free radical protecting enzymes needs further examination.

Asunto(s)

Dieta Reductora , Ingestión de Energía , Peróxidos Lipídicos/sangre , Lípidos/sangre , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Adulto , Colesterol/sangre , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , Femenino , Glutatión Peroxidasa/sangre , Humanos , Peroxidación de Lípido , Masculino , Malondialdehído/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/enzimología , Superóxido Dismutasa/sangre , Triglicéridos/sangre

RESUMEN

In the blood sera of 70 obese persons (26 men, 44 women) some lipid components and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were determined before slimming. The people were classified into groups of hyperlipoproteinaemia on the basis of laboratory results, according to Fredrickson and Lees. In 32 people with high blood cholesterol level (above 5.7 mmol) there were negative correlations between MDA and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fractions. Correlation coefficients were the greatest in the group IIa of hyperlipoproteinaemia (HDL-C. r = -0.74; HDL-2-C. r = -0.54; HDL-3-C. r = -0.78). Correlations were not found in subjects with a normal cholesterol level. The results were attributed to the formation of oxidized cholesterol products, caused by lipid peroxidation, which may decrease the HDL synthesis. It seems that in hypercholesterolaemia coupled with obesity, lipid peroxidation can contribute to the reduction in HDL levels, which is an important protective factor against cardiovascular diseases.

Asunto(s)

Lípidos/sangre , Malonatos/sangre , Malondialdehído/sangre , Obesidad/sangre , Adulto , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Hipercolesterolemia/sangre , Hiperlipoproteinemias/sangre , Peróxidos Lipídicos/sangre , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad