RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Omalizumab, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody specific for human IgE, has thus far been used as add-on therapy for moderate-to-severe allergic asthma in adults and children. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to test omalizumab efficacy in other conditions in which the IgE-mast cell axis is supposed to play a role. METHODS: Nine patients with dermatological manifestations possibly related to activation of the IgE-mast cell axis (six chronic spontaneous urticaria and three atopic dermatitis patients) were administered off-label omalizumab because of refractoriness to standard therapy. All patients were subjected to strict clinical, laboratoristic, and imaging follow-up to monitor for possible adverse effects. In addition, to further assess the role of omalizumab on T cells, mast cells, and eosinophils, T-cell immune polarisation as well as eosinophil cationic protein and tryptase serum levels were determined before and during omalizumab administration. RESULTS: Therapy was effective in seven out of nine patients (six complete responses, one partial response, and two no responses). Interestingly, omalizumab appeared to induce lymphocyte polarisation toward a type 2 immune response and to be able to quench eosinophil-mediated inflammation, particularly in atopic dermatitis patients. Tryptase serum levels were generally low and remained unchanged during omalizumab treatment. Despite treatment spanning over several years in most of the patients, no adverse effects nor new ensuing medical conditions have thus far been observed (median follow-up: 42 months). CONCLUSIONS: Off-label omalizumab was safe and effective in our patients. The novel immunologic features recorded in our patients add further complexity to the mechanism of action of omalizumab.
Asunto(s)
Dermatitis Atópica/tratamiento farmacológico , Omalizumab/uso terapéutico , Urticaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anciano , Dermatitis Atópica/inmunología , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Omalizumab/efectos adversos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Urticaria/inmunología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells are phenotypically identified by surface expression of CD5 and CD23 antigens. Infrequently, patients with a monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis clinically resembling classic B-CLL have been found to harbor leukemic B cells lacking expression of the CD5 antigen. Little information is available concerning such CLL-like lymphoproliferative syndromes. Here, we provide phenotypic and clinical characteristics of 13 patients with CD5-negative chronic lymphoproliferative disorders selected from among 400 B-CLL patients followed up at a single academic center. Phenotypic analysis was carried out by flow cytometry using a broad panel of monoclonal antibodies including activation, costimulatory, adhesion, and growth factor receptor molecules. Moreover, intracellular staining and stimulation experiments were performed to investigate whether CD5 antigen was either retained in the cytoplasm of clonal B cells or not expressed due to defective cellular activation, respectively. Overall, CD5-negative leukemic cells were found to express significantly different levels of several membrane molecules, including CD95, CD69, CD23, CD25, CD80, and CD20, compared to "classic" CLL B cells. CD5 antigen was not detected in the cytoplasm of CD5-negative clonal B cells, nor could it be induced following in vitro activation. CD3+ T cell proportions were found to be less affected in CD5-negative patients than in classic B-CLL. Although these data suggest that CD5-negative clonal B cells are phenotypically different from classic B-CLL, clinical outcomes were similar to those shown by B-CLL patients, with most of the patients experiencing a long-lasting disease requiring chemotherapeutic intervention at some time during the disease course.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos CD5/metabolismo , Inmunofenotipificación , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/diagnóstico , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/metabolismo , Trastornos Linfoproliferativos/diagnóstico , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antígenos de Superficie/metabolismo , Linfocitos B/metabolismo , Linfocitos B/patología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Trastornos Linfoproliferativos/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de NeoplasiasRESUMEN
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) specialize in suppressing immune responses. In this study, 47 consecutive colon cancer patients were subjected to circulating Treg frequency assessment by flow cytometry before and after cancer resection. Thirty-two healthy subjects served as controls. Circulating Treg frequencies were significantly higher in colon cancer patients with respect to healthy controls. When patients were subgrouped according to Dukes stages, a linear relationship was observed between Dukes stages and Treg frequencies. In radically resected patients, Treg frequencies were shown to have significantly dropped down. Patients with advanced colon cancer were more likely to have significantly higher proportions of circulating Treg frequencies than Dukes A and B patients when compared to healthy subjects. Of note, nonradically resected patients were found to display reductions in-but not normalization of-Treg frequencies. These results suggest that cancer itself may be able to drive Treg recruitment as a strategy of immunoevasion.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma/inmunología , Carcinoma/cirugía , Neoplasias del Colon/inmunología , Neoplasias del Colon/cirugía , Linfocitos T Reguladores/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antígenos CD4/metabolismo , Carcinoma/patología , Carcinoma/fisiopatología , Proliferación Celular , Separación Celular , Células Cultivadas , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Neoplasias del Colon/fisiopatología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo , Humanos , Terapia de Inmunosupresión , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/patología , Escape del TumorAsunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales/administración & dosificación , Urticaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anticuerpos Antiidiotipos , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/efectos adversos , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados , Prueba de Desgranulación de los Basófilos , Enfermedad Crónica , Cálculo de Dosificación de Drogas , Resistencia a Medicamentos , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Omalizumab , Inducción de Remisión , Urticaria/sangre , Urticaria/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
A scleroderma-like cutaneous syndrome, occurring after implantation of a prosthetic knee joint in an elderly woman, is reported. This case did not seem to typically fit into any of the known scleroderma-like disorders of the skin described to date. The patient was shown to be sensitized to metals contained in the prosthesis and to mount a Th2-type immune response concomitantly with development of skin fibrosis. In particular, eosinophilia, markedly elevated serum IgE levels, in vitro spontaneous production of interleukin (IL)-4 by T lymphocytes, and elevated serum levels of Th2 cytokines (namely, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) were observed during the acute phase of illness. Since eosinophils and such Th2 cytokines as IL-13 also have recognized fibrogenic properties, it is speculated that the pathogenesis of skin fibrosis in this case could have been the direct and/or indirect consequence of the coexisting Th2-type immune response.
Asunto(s)
Cobalto/inmunología , Eritema/inmunología , Prótesis de la Rodilla/efectos adversos , Esclerodermia Limitada/inmunología , Anciano , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla/efectos adversos , Citocinas/sangre , Eosinofilia/tratamiento farmacológico , Eosinofilia/etiología , Eritema/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Inmunosupresores , Ácido Micofenólico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Micofenólico/uso terapéutico , Pregnenodionas/uso terapéutico , Esclerodermia Limitada/tratamiento farmacológico , Esclerodermia Limitada/patología , SíndromeRESUMEN
T-2 toxin belongs to a group of mycotoxins synthesized by Fusarium fungi that are widely encountered as natural contaminants in cereals. Human lymphoid cell lines of T (MOLT-4) or B (IM-9) lineage were used to characterize the cytotoxic effects mediated by T-2 at different concentrations (0.1 pg/ml to 1 microg/ml). After 24 h, membrane damage was observed by Trypan blue dye exclusion in IM-9 cells with a 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of 0.2 ng/ml, whereas CC50 for MOLT-4 cells was 0.6 microg/ml (gmicro). At a T-2 concentration of 0.01 microg/ml, apoptosis was seen in MOLT-4 cells by Annexin V binding as early as after 4 h. T-2 toxin determined sustained (48 h) immunosuppression on both cell lines, as evaluated by BrdU and MTT assays. Cytotoxicity appeared to be due to early apoptosis in MOLT-4 cells, as indicated by increased Annexin V binding and activation of caspase-3, and to direct cell membrane damage in IM-9 cells.
Asunto(s)
Linfocitos B/efectos de los fármacos , Contaminación de Alimentos , Toxina T-2/toxicidad , Linfocitos T/efectos de los fármacos , Anexina A5/metabolismo , Apoptosis , Bromodesoxiuridina , Caspasa 3 , Caspasas/metabolismo , Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Colorantes , Grano Comestible , Humanos , Sales de Tetrazolio , TiazolesRESUMEN
CD39/ATP diphosphohydrolase is expressed on B lymphocytes, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells, and it has a critical role in the inhibition of platelet responsiveness. To determine whether strenuous exercise could acutely change expression of CD39 in platelets and lymphocytes, eight healthy sedentary men, 34 yr old (SD 7), and eight physically active men, 34 yr old (SD 6), performed graded upright cycle ergometry to volitional exhaustion. Blood samples collected both at baseline and after exercise test were employed to measure CD39 expression in platelets and lymphocytes. The percentage of circulating platelet-platelet aggregates, the "in vitro" ADP and collagen-induced platelet aggregation, and the expression of both platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa (PAC-1) and P-selectin (CD62) were also considered markers of platelet activation. After strenuous exercise, all subjects demonstrated significant platelet activation as judged by the increased percentage of platelet-platelet aggregates. The in vitro ADP-induced platelet aggregation and the expression of CD62P on ADP-stimulated platelets significantly increased in sedentary but not in active subjects. After exercise, all of the subjects showed a significant reduction of CD39 expression in platelet [sedentary: from 2.2 (SD 0.8) to 1.1% (SD 0.8), P = 0.008; active: from 0.6 (SD 0.2) to 0.35% (SD 0.1), P = 0.009] and an increase of CD39 expression in B lymphocytes [sedentary: from 47 (SD 13) to 60% (SD 11), P = 0.0039; active: from 46 (SD 11) to 59% (SD 11), P = 0.0038]. Taken together, these findings confirm the critical role of this ADPase in inhibition of platelet responsiveness, also suggesting a possible role of B lymphocytes in thromboregulation mechanism.
Asunto(s)
Adenosina Trifosfatasas/sangre , Antígenos CD/sangre , Linfocitos B/metabolismo , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Resistencia Física/fisiología , Esfuerzo Físico/fisiología , Aptitud Física/fisiología , Adulto , Apirasa , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is characterized by a progressive accumulation of long-lived and well-differentiated clonal B-lymphocytes in peripheral blood, lymphoid tissue and bone marrow. Although B-CLL pathogenesis is not entirely understood, the progressive increase in lymphocyte counts coupled with the very low proportion of proliferating cells suggests that B-CLL may be primarily determined by defective apoptosis. Consistently, freshly analyzed CLL B-cells express very low levels of membrane CD95, one of the best-known receptors involved in triggering apoptosis. In this study, CD95 upregulation on CLL B-cells was induced by culturing clonal B-cells in the presence of supernatants from preactivated autologous T-lymphocytes. Intracellular cytokine staining of preactivated autologous T-lymphocytes using monoclonal antibodies (moAbs) specific for Th1 or Th2 cytokines, namely interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and interferon (IFN)-gamma, showed these cells to be positive for IL-2 and IFN-gamma. Blocking experiments using moAbs specific for IL-2 and/or IFN-gamma revealed that CD95 upregulation on CLL B-cells was mainly driven by IFN-gamma. However, CD95-expressing CLL B-cells were demonstrated to be resistant to CD95-mediated apoptosis, thus arguing against strategies aimed at exploiting CD95-mediated apoptosis for immunotherapy of B-CLL.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis/inmunología , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/inmunología , Regulación hacia Arriba/inmunología , Receptor fas/inmunología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Citocinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Interferón gamma/farmacología , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL), defined as a lymphoma clinically mimicking cardiac disease, with the bulk of the tumor located intrapericardially, is extremely rare in immunocompetent patients. Clinical manifestations vary depending on sites of involvement in the heart and include chest pain, arrhythmias, pericardial effusion, and heart failure. Diagnosis is often difficult and may require invasive procedures; in some cases, diagnosis is not made until autopsy. Histologically, nearly all cases of PCL reported thus far have been of B-cell origin. In this report, we describe a case of PCL of T-cell origin in an adult immunocompetent patient, the second reported in the literature to the best of our knowledge, and provide a brief overview of the features of previously published PCL cases.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Cardíacas/patología , Linfoma de Células T/patología , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Biopsia , Bleomicina/administración & dosificación , Ciclofosfamida/administración & dosificación , Errores Diagnósticos , Doxorrubicina/administración & dosificación , Disnea/etiología , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Neoplasias Cardíacas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cardíacas/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Inmunofenotipificación , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/sangre , Leucovorina/administración & dosificación , Linfoma de Células T/complicaciones , Linfoma de Células T/diagnóstico , Linfoma de Células T/tratamiento farmacológico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Metotrexato/administración & dosificación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas de Neoplasias/sangre , Células Madre Neoplásicas/química , Células Madre Neoplásicas/patología , Pericarditis/diagnóstico , Prednisona/administración & dosificación , Linfocitos T/química , Linfocitos T/patología , Taquicardia/etiología , Cirugía Torácica Asistida por Video , Vincristina/administración & dosificación , Virosis/diagnósticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Stress hyperglycemia has been associated with increased mortality in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). We examined the association between plasma glucose levels, circulating inflammatory markers, T-cell activation, and functional cardiac outcome in patients with first MI. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Echocardiographic parameters, circulating levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18), C-reactive protein (CPR), and the percent of CD16-CD56, CD4/CD8, CD152, and HLA-DR expression were investigated in 108 patients with acute MI on admission to the emergency ward. RESULTS: Our review found that 31 new hyperglycemic patients (glycemia >or=7 mmol/l) had higher infarct segment length (P < 0.05) and myocardial performance index (P < 0.02) and reduced transmitral Doppler flow (P < 0.05), pulmonary flow analysis (P < 0.02), and ejection fraction (P < 0.05) compared with 36 hyperglycemic diabetic patients and 41 normoglycemic patients. Plasma IL-18 and CRP were higher in the hyperglycemic than in the normoglycemic patients (P < 0.005), with the highest values in patients with new hyperglycemia (P < 0.05). Hyperglycemic patients had a higher percent of CD16+/CD56+ cells and CD4/CD8 ratio (P < 0.01), whereas they had lower CD152 expression (which has a negative regulatory function in T-cell activation) compared with normoglycemic patients (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: During MI, hyperglycemia is associated with increased levels of inflammatory markers, enhanced expression of cytotoxic T-cells, and reduced expression of T-cells, which are implicated in limiting the immune process. An increased inflammatory immune process seems a likely mechanism linking acute hyperglycemia to poor cardiac outcome in MI patients.
Asunto(s)
Hiperglucemia/inmunología , Infarto del Miocardio/complicaciones , Infarto del Miocardio/inmunología , Estrés Fisiológico/inmunología , Antígenos CD , Antígenos de Diferenciación/análisis , Biomarcadores , Glucemia , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Relación CD4-CD8 , Antígeno CD56/análisis , Antígeno CTLA-4 , Ecocardiografía , Femenino , Antígenos HLA-DR/análisis , Humanos , Hiperglucemia/etiología , Interleucina-18/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio/diagnóstico por imagen , Receptores de IgG/análisis , Estrés Fisiológico/complicaciones , Linfocitos T Citotóxicos/química , Linfocitos T Citotóxicos/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The case of a patient with an extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma and three M-components (IgGkappa + IgGlambda + IgMlambda) in the serum is described. Three separate populations of M-component producing cells have been identified. Since a kappa-->lambda chain switch is not demonstrated, the synthesis of IgGkappa and IgGlambda by two distinct clones is obvious. IgMlambda and IgGlambda M-components are synthesized by two different plasma cell populations that could represent two unrelated cell clones or, alternatively, two subclones originated by a common precursor. After chemotherapy the IgGlambda M-component is replaced by heavy gamma chains without evidence of lambda light chains.
Asunto(s)
Mieloma Múltiple/patología , Anciano , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Examen de la Médula Ósea , Células Clonales/inmunología , Células Clonales/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Fragmentos de Inmunoglobulinas/análisis , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Inmunoglobulina M/sangre , Linfoma no Hodgkin/diagnóstico , Linfoma no Hodgkin/inmunología , Linfoma no Hodgkin/patología , Mieloma Múltiple/diagnóstico , Mieloma Múltiple/inmunologíaRESUMEN
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is characterized by a sustained accumulation of long-lived and well-differentiated B lymphocytes in lymphoid tissues, peripheral blood and bone marrow. Although the pathogenesis of this disease is not entirely understood, altered apoptosis is believed to play a relevant role in B-CLL. In this study, we compared the expression of CD95, the best characterized surface molecule involved in triggering the apoptotic machinery, on normal and CLL B cells before and after in vitro activation with polyclonal stimulators. Cell activation was monitored by verifying the induced expression of the early activation antigen CD69. Freshly analyzed CLL B cells showed significantly lower levels of CD95 than normal B cells. Moreover, following in vitro culture with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) + ionomycin, phytohemagglutinin, or pokeweed mitogen, CLL B cells failed to upregulate CD95 expression as efficiently as normal B cells. Impairment of CD95 upregulation was mainly observed following PMA + ionomycin treatment. In contrast, CLL B cells were shown to express CD69 as well as normal B cells, regardless of the activator used, indicating that CLL B cells retain the ability to respond to activating stimuli but are unable to efficiently implement the CD95-mediated activation-induced cell death (AICD) program. In conclusion, these results suggest that prolonged survival of CLL B cells may be contributed to by alterations in AICD mechanisms.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Linfocitos B/metabolismo , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/metabolismo , Receptor fas/metabolismo , Anciano , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos B/metabolismo , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos B/patología , Carcinógenos/farmacología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunofenotipificación , Ionomicina/farmacología , Ionóforos/farmacología , Lectinas Tipo C , Activación de Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Fitohemaglutininas/farmacología , Mitógenos de Phytolacca americana/farmacología , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/farmacología , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
Profound immune dysfunction is a constant feature in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patients. Immunological abnormalities include hypogammaglobulinemia, impaired immunoglobulin class switching and diminished germinal center formation. This state of immune suppression renders B-CLL patients highly susceptible to infections, which contribute greatly to morbidity and mortality in this disease. Impaired T cell function in B-CLL is well-documented and has been suggested to result from inhibitory effects exerted by malignant B lymphocytes. Because the presence of leukemic cells may represent a major obstacle to efficient T cell activation, T lymphocytes were separated from CLL B cells, stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin for 4h, and then cocultured with autologous leukemic B cells both at a 1:1 ratio or at the same ratio as in vivo for 24-40 h. CLL B cell expression of CD86 and CD95 was markedly upregulated using this approach, whereas CD80 expression was augmented only in a minority of patients; these effects were partially preserved even when preactivated T cells were rechallenged with CLL B cells at the same low T/B cell ratio as that observed in vivo. Finally, CD80 upregulation on CLL B cells appeared to be mainly dependent on CD40L-mediated stimulation, whereas CD86 and CD95 expression was efficiently augmented by soluble factors released by preactivated T lymphocytes. In conclusion, efficient activation of T lymphocytes in B-CLL may be achieved which, in turn, may result in enhanced antigen-presenting capacity and susceptibility to apoptosis of leukemic cells via CD86 and CD95 upregulation, respectively.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Antígeno B7-1/metabolismo , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/metabolismo , Activación de Linfocitos , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Receptor fas/metabolismo , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos B/metabolismo , Linfocitos B/patología , Antígeno B7-2 , Ligando de CD40/metabolismo , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunofenotipificación , Ionomicina/farmacología , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/inmunología , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Linfocitos T/patología , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/farmacología , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
Pfeifer-Weber-Christian's panniculitis is a rare syndrome characterized by fever, arthralgias, fatigue and recurrent nodular panniculitis. It has been associated with pancreatic diseases, trauma, connective tissue diseases, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, systemic lupus erythematosus, infections, lymphoproliferative diseases and neoplasias. We report the case of a 43-year-old obese male patient who presented with asthenia, arthralgias, intermittent fever, skin erythema and a large hard-elastic tumor of the right calf. Laboratory analysis revealed increased values of the immunophlogosis parameters and positivity for serum antinuclear antibodies. Surgical drainage of the abscess-like tumor mass, revealed leakage of a sterile, subflavious, oily and thick liquid; a skin biopsy showed intra and perivascular infiltration by neutrophils, diagnostic for leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Treatment with prednisone induced clinical improvement and normalization of the laboratory data. The clinical picture, laboratory data and efficacy of prednisone therapy confirmed that the patient developed Pfeifer-Weber-Christian's panniculitis in the clinical setting of an antinuclear antibody-positive leukocytoclastic vasculitis.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antinucleares/análisis , Paniculitis Nodular no Supurativa/etiología , Vasculitis Leucocitoclástica Cutánea/complicaciones , Adulto , Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidad/complicaciones , Paniculitis Nodular no Supurativa/diagnóstico , Prednisona/administración & dosificación , Prednisona/uso terapéutico , Factores de Tiempo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Vasculitis Leucocitoclástica Cutánea/diagnóstico , Vasculitis Leucocitoclástica Cutánea/tratamiento farmacológico , Vasculitis Leucocitoclástica Cutánea/etiología , Vasculitis Leucocitoclástica Cutánea/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Expression of CD95, a molecule involved in activation-induced cell death (AICD), might contribute to explain accumulation of leukemic B-cells and functional impairment of T-cells in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). There-fore, we compared constitutive and activation-induced expression of CD95 and CD69 by B- and T-cells in CLL patients and in healthy donors.