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Upcoming Earth Exploration Satellite Services (EESS) missions, especially to monitor Brazilian diversified biomes, will require progressively higher data rates for downlink transmissions, besides the ability to share its frequency spectrum with cellular base stations. Both impact issues on spectral efficiency (in bps/Hz) and coexistence in frequency, time, location, etc. This paper proposes a technique suitable for LEO Earth Observation Satellites (EOS) by combining two strategies. We initially present the Cognitive Radio (CR) spectrum awareness and exploitation approaches to propose techniques for improving their uses. Next, we detail the Adaptive MODulation and CODing (MODCOD) techniques (ACM) based on DVB-S2X systems to increase RF power and spectral efficiencies. Finally, we evaluate our solution by monitoring the Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) and combining CR/MODCOD techniques. Two case studies are presented that demonstrate the proposed approach on Brazilian satellites developed by the National Institute for Space Research (INPE). A real in-situ characterization of the interfering scenarios was performed during the passes of the two EESS satellites that proves the effectiveness of spectral efficiency and coexistence.

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Gentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid) is primarily found naturally in plants and has demonstrated a significant range of biological activities; however, its efficacy and safety as a topical application ingredient are not yet well established. Thus, the compound's potential antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were evaluated for efficacy, while the cytotoxicity was evaluated for safety. The antioxidant activity, measured by the DPPH kinetic method, showed an Efficiency Concentration (EC50) of 0.09 with an antioxidant reducing power (ARP) of 11.1. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus was 4.15 mg/mL, Escherichia coli was 4.00 mg/mL, Candida albicans was 3.00 mg/mL, and Cutibacterium acnes was 3.60 mg/mL, and the MIC for C. acnes has remained unpublished until now. The substance showed low cytotoxicity by the neutral red uptake (NRU) methodology against HaCat, HDFa, and HepG2 cells at concentrations of up to 10.0, 7.3, and 4.0 mM, respectively, also representing unpublished data. This evidence demonstrates gentisic acid as a promising active substance for skin topical application in the cosmetic or pharmaceutical industry.

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We estimated heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic correlation estimates for maintenance energy requirements (NEmR), residual feed intake (RFI), growth, carcass and reproductive indicator traits, using data from 41 feed efficiency trials in Brazil, comprising 4381 males and females. Continuous traits were analysed using a linear animal model and threshold traits were analysed using a threshold animal model. The heritability estimates were low for RFI (0.190) and NEmR (0.193); other heritabilities were mainly moderate (growth and carcass traits) or high (sexual precocity traits). The genetic correlation of RFI with NEmR was high (0.701). The genetic correlations of NEmR were low with carcass and reproductive traits, and moderate with growth traits. Thus, selection to improve weaning weight and female sexual precocity indicator traits would not affect maintenance energy requirement. Genetic selection to reduce maintenance energy requirements is feasible and would also reduce DMI and RFI. Selection to improve RFI can be used to identify animals with lower maintenance energy requirements. Long-term selection to reduce RFI and NEmR would have favourable effects on yearling weight, carcass muscle indicator traits and female sexual precocity. Genetic (co)variance component estimates for NEmR, in conjunction with economic values of selection criteria, may be used to develop novel approaches for genetic selection to improve efficiency of beef production.

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Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by right ventricular failure and diminished cardiac output, potentially leading to renal and bone impairments. In contrast, resistance exercise training (RT) offers cardiovascular and bone health benefits. This study aimed to assess the impacts of stable PAH induced by monocrotaline (MCT) and RT on renal morphometry, as well as bone morphometry and biomechanical properties in male Wistar rats. Four experimental groups, untrained control (UC, n=7), trained control (TC, n=7), untrained hypertensive (UH, n=7), trained hypertensive (TH, n=7), were defined. After the first MCT or saline injection (20 mg/kg), trained rats were submitted to a RT program (i.e., Ladder climbing), 5 times/week. Seven days later the rats received the second MCT or saline dose. After euthanasia, renal and femoral histomorphometry and femoral biomechanical properties were assessed. PAH reduced renal glomerular area and volume, which was prevented by the RT. While PAH did not harm the femoral morphometry, structural and mechanical properties, RT improved the femoral parameters (e.g., length, percentage of trabeculae and bone marrow, ultimte and yield loads). Experimental stable PAH promotes renal but not bone damages, whereas RT prevents renal deteriorations and improves the femoral morphological and biomechanical properties.

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Reproduction is one of the most important biological aspects for the maintenance of viable populations, and understanding the spatial and seasonal patterns in the reproduction of Neotropical fish is a point that still needs considerable investigation. In this study, the main aim was to reduce knowledge gaps concerning fish eggs and larvae distribution patterns. Therefore, the River Araguaia basin, one of the main hydrographic basins of the Neotropical savanna, was used as the focal point of study. Samplings of fish eggs and larvae were carried across the hydrological regime during flooding and drought events between December 2018 and July 2020 at 15 sites distributed along a 350 km stretch of the River Araguaia basin. Fish eggs and larvae were found in all sampling sites, with the highest number of catches in the flood season. The fish larvae were represented by 5 orders, 22 families and 22 at the genus or species level. Both environments, tributary and main channel of the River Araguaia, are important for fish reproduction, and no difference was found in the use between the main channel and the tributaries. The results showed that spatial factors are important to explain the change in larval composition, which may have a wide or restricted distribution related to specific habitats. The main factors related to the reproductive activity of fish in this region are the physical and chemical changes in the water that occur in the flood season. These results indicate that the River Araguaia basin has environmental integrity and provides favourable conditions for the reproductive activity of fish, including long-distance migratory species. Considering this, mitigate measures that guarantee the preservation of the natural flow are crucial for the maintenance of fish biodiversity.

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Syntheses of knowledge are important to reveal trends, biases and gaps in the scientific literature, indicating main data shortfalls and research needs. In this regard, the authors conducted a broad systematic review on the literature about freshwater fish eggs and larvae to investigate (a) temporal trends in the global scientific production, (b) the scope and habitat types, (c) the spatial distribution of studies, (d) the fish species contemplated and their respective conservation status and (e) the factors associated with the spatial distribution of studies. They analysed 654 studies published between 1950 and 2020. The number of studies has increased over time, but with a weak trend. Most studies investigated basic questions about biology and ecology and were carried out chiefly in rivers and lakes. These studies covered 95 freshwater ecoregions (22.3% of all ecoregions) and recorded 871 fish species (4.8% of all freshwater fish currently described). Most species were assessed by the IUCN and classified into six threat categories, but approximately 35% were not evaluated. The main drivers affecting the spatial distribution of studies were ecoregion area, road density, river volume and the number of hydroelectric plants. Results point to significant biases and gaps in the global scientific literature on fish eggs and larvae, especially associated with habitat type, spatial distribution and target species, emphasizing the need to address specific topics. Such biases and gaps indicate the existence of important data shortfalls, which compromise management and conservation planning, as information on fish eggs and larvae is basic and critical for the assessment of fish recruitment and population dynamics.

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BACKGROUND: Pay-for-performance (P4P) programmes to incentivise health providers to improve quality of care have been widely implemented globally. Despite intuitive appeal, evidence on the effectiveness of P4P is mixed, potentially due to differences in how schemes are designed. We exploited municipality variation in the design features of Brazil's National Programme for Improving Primary Care Access and Quality (PMAQ) to examine whether performance bonuses given to family health team workers were associated with changes in the quality of care and whether the size of bonus mattered. METHODS AND FINDINGS: For this quasi-experimental study, we used a difference-in-differences approach combined with matching. We compared changes over time in the quality of care delivered by family health teams between (bonus) municipalities that chose to use some or all of the PMAQ money to provide performance-related bonuses to team workers with (nonbonus) municipalities that invested the funds using traditional input-based budgets. The primary outcome was the PMAQ score, a quality of care index on a scale of 0 to 100, based on several hundred indicators (ranging from 598 to 660) of health care delivery. We did one-to-one matching of bonus municipalities to nonbonus municipalities based on baseline demographic and economic characteristics. On the matched sample, we used ordinary least squares regression to estimate the association of any bonus and size of bonus with the prepost change over time (between November 2011 and October 2015) in the PMAQ score. We performed subgroup analyses with respect to the local area income of the family health team. The matched analytical sample comprised 2,346 municipalities (1,173 nonbonus municipalities; 1,173 bonus municipalities), containing 10,275 family health teams that participated in PMAQ from the outset. Bonus municipalities were associated with a 4.6 (95% CI: 2.7 to 6.4; p < 0.001) percentage point increase in the PMAQ score compared with nonbonus municipalities. The association with quality of care increased with the size of bonus: the largest bonus group saw an improvement of 8.2 percentage points (95% CI: 6.2 to 10.2; p < 0.001) compared with the control. The subgroup analysis showed that the observed improvement in performance was most pronounced in the poorest two-fifths of localities. The limitations of the study include the potential for bias from unmeasured time-varying confounding and the fact that the PMAQ score has not been validated as a measure of quality of care. CONCLUSIONS: Performance bonuses to family health team workers compared with traditional input-based budgets were associated with an improvement in the quality of care.

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In the present study, water physicochemical and microbiological parameters, as well as bioassays using Allium cepa L. seeds and the fish species Astyanax jacuhiensis were used to assess the water quality of two rivers - Ilha River and Paranhana River -, located in southern Brazil. Water samples were collected at the source and mouth of the rivers and then, laboratory experiments were performed. The results evidenced high levels of aluminum and iron in water samples collected at the four sampling sites. The micronucleus (MN) test in fish showed significant difference in the frequencies of nuclear abnormalities (NA) in the mouth of the Paranhana River in comparison to control group in one sampling period, whereas the A. cepa test evidenced significant spatial differences in cytotoxicity between the source and mouth of both rivers. Therefore, these data evidence the poor water quality of the rivers studied as well as the potential toxicity to the aquatic organisms.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic and molecular patterns of biofilm formation in infection and colonization isolates of Acinetobacter spp. from patients who were admitted in a public hospital of Recife-PE-Brazil in 2018-2019. For the biofilm phenotypic analysis, Acinetobacter spp. isolates were evaluated by the crystal violet staining method; the search of virulence genes (bap, ompA, epsA, csuE and bfmS) was performed by PCR; and the ERIC-PCR was performed for molecular typing. Amongst the 38 Acinetobacter spp. isolates, 20 were isolated from infections and 18 from colonization. The resistance profile pointed that 86.85% (33/38) of the isolates were multidrug-resistant, being three infection isolates, and two colonization isolates resistant to polymyxin B. All the isolates were able to produce biofilm and they had at least one of the investigated virulence genes on their molecular profile, but the bap gene was found in 100% of them. No clones were detected by ERIC-PCR. There was no correlation between biofilm formation and the resistance profile of the bacteria, neither to the molecular profile of the virulence genes. Thus, the ability of Acinetobacter spp. to form biofilm is probably related to the high frequency of virulence genes.

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Explaining why some species are widespread, while others are not, is fundamental to biogeography, ecology, and evolutionary biology. A unique way to study evolutionary and ecological mechanisms that either limit species' spread or facilitate range expansions is to conduct research on species that have restricted distributions. Nonindigenous species, particularly those that are highly invasive but have not yet spread beyond the introduced site, represent ideal systems to study range size changes. Here, we used species distribution modeling and genomic data to study the restricted range of a highly invasive Australian marine species, the ascidian Pyura praeputialis This species is an aggressive space occupier in its introduced range (Chile), where it has fundamentally altered the coastal community. We found high genomic diversity in Chile, indicating high adaptive potential. In addition, genomic data clearly showed that a single region from Australia was the only donor of genotypes to the introduced range. We identified over 3,500 km of suitable habitat adjacent to its current introduced range that has so far not been occupied, and importantly species distribution models were only accurate when genomic data were considered. Our results suggest that a slight change in currents, or a change in shipping routes, may lead to an expansion of the species' introduced range that will encompass a vast portion of the South American coast. Our study shows how the use of population genomics and species distribution modeling in combination can unravel mechanisms shaping range sizes and forecast future range shifts of invasive species.

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The Araguaia River basin has the highest fish biodiversity within the Cerrado biome (Brazilian savannah), with many endemic and threatened species by human activities. Despite growing efforts to catalog Neotropical freshwater fish biodiversity, many regions are still undersampled. Our objective is to complement the information about stream fish in two hydrographic basins in the Cerrado. We sampled 72 streams with 50 m stretch in the Upper Araguaia (n = 32) and Middle Rio das Mortes (n = 40) basins. We collected 14,887 individuals distributed in 137 species, 81 genera, 30 families, and six orders. Characidae, Loricariidae, and Cichlidae were the families richer in species. We found a high diversity of rare fish species in the streams sampled, ca. 71.5% of the species had at least five individuals collected, and 18 species had only one collected specimen. The most frequent species were Astyanax cf. goyacensis, Knodus cf. breviceps, and Characidium cf. zebra. Both basins shared around 43% of the species. We caught 76 species in Upper Araguaia and 120 species in Middle Rio das Mortes. Seventeen exclusive fish species occurred in Upper Araguaia, whereas 61 were found in the Middle Rio das Mortes basin. Our analysis showed lower diversity of fish in Upper Araguaia than in the Middle Rio das Mortes basin. Considering the exclusive fish species of both basins, the human threats in those regions, and the few existent protected areas, we need a better look at the aquatic biodiversity conservation of this ecosystem.

A bacia do rio Araguaia apresenta a maior diversidade de peixes no bioma Cerrado, muitas dessas são endêmicas e ameaçadas pelas atividades antropogênicas. Apesar dos crescentes esforços para catalogar a diversidade de peixes neotropicais muitas regiões ainda permanecem subamostradas. O objetivo do nosso estudo é complementar a informação sobre peixes de riachos para duas importantes bacias hidrográficas no Cerrado. Amostramos um total de 72 trechos de 50 metros em riachos nas bacias alto rio Araguaia (n = 32) e médio Rio das Mortes (n = 40). Coletamos um total de 14.887 indivíduos distribuídos em 137 espécies, 81 gêneros, 30 famílias e seis ordens. As famílias Characidae, Loricariidae e Cichlidae foram as tiveram maior número de espécies. Encontramos uma grande raridade de espécies de peixes nos riachos amostrados, cerca de 71,5% das espécies apresentaram ao menos até cinco indivíduos coletados e 18 espécies tiveram apenas um único exemplar. As espécies com maior ocorrência nos riachos foram, Astyanax cf. goyacensis Knodus cf. breviceps e Characidium cf. zebra. As duas bacias compartilham aproximadamente 43% das espécies de peixes coletadas. Encontramos 76 espécies para o alto rio Araguaia e 120 espécies para médio Rio das Mortes. Observamos 17 espécies exclusivas para a bacia do alto rio Araguaia e 61 espécies exclusivas para bacia do Médio Rio das Mortes. Nossas análises mostraram que a diversidade de peixes é menor na bacia do alto rio Araguaia quando comparada a bacia do médio Rio das Mortes. Considerando as ameaças antrópicas, o baixo número unidades de conservação e o elevado número de espécies exclusivas presentes em ambas as bacias, existe uma necessidade urgente concentrar esforços na conservação desses ecossistemas

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Stent infection is extremely rare, especially in stents placed in the internal carotid artery (ICA). Treatment in these cases remains controversial and no consensus has been reached, resulting in high mortality in all cases. We report the case of a 78-year-old man undergoing stent placement in the left ICA who, 20 days later, presented with infection at the stent site and a large pseudoaneurysm. The primary infectious focus was the teeth. The patient was treated with antibiotics and placement of a Casper stent, a dual layer braided metal stent with micro-mesh, intended to determine flow diversion and arterial wall reconstruction. Although the procedure was able to reduce the pseudoaneurysm, the patient eventually died of sepsis. We believe that the use of dual layer stents, with a flow-diverting effect, may be a treatment option in selected cases. However, further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.

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Agroforestry systems can minimize heat stress and improve cattle welfare, but the influence of the forest component in microclimatic changes in the southern Amazon remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the thermal comfort indices in grass monoculture and integrated systems. The three systems were pasture under full sunlight (PFS), integrated (triple-row) livestock-forestry (ILFT), and integrated (single-row) livestock-forestry (ILFs), across four seasons, for two years, from June 2017 to June 2019. We assessed photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air temperature, relative humidity, black globe temperature, and wind speed. Thermal comfort indices such as temperature-humidity index (THI), black globe temperature-humidity index (BGHI), and radiant thermal load (RTL) were calculated based on microclimate data daily-collected from 8:00 to 16:00. The ILFT mean THI (76.8) was slightly lower than ILFS and PFS. The BGHI and RTL values decreased as shading increased (PFS > ILFs > ILFT). The most challenging heat stress conditions for grazing animals occurred predominately during winter and autumn. In conclusion, the presence of trees in pastures of the southern Amazon improved the microclimate and, consequently, the thermal comfort indices. Agroforestry systems can foster an environment with a more suitable thermal comfort or less restrictive to animal performance, which contribute to mitigating global climate change for forage-livestock systems in Brazilian Amazon.

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Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disease characterized by an increase in intracranial pressure, without presence of parenchymal lesions or hydrocephalus that justify it. Over 90% of cases there is association with stenosis of the dural venous sinuses. It is characterized by headache, tinidus, nausea, vomiting and visual disturbances. Initial treatment is clinical and when it fails there is indication of invasive procedures, among them shunts and fenestration of the optic nerve sheath. Angioplasty of dural venous sinuses, when indicated, has shown an alternative with better results and less complications. We report a case of a female patient, with 27 years old, diagnosed with IIH and bilateral transverse sinus stenosis, which was treated by bilateral stenting and total resolution of symptoms. Besides describing the case we review the literature about the subject.

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Streblidae flies are found exclusively on bats and are distributed throughout the world, with a high richness of flies and host in Brazil. However, knowledge about the ecological aspects of these relationships is limited to descriptions of the associations. The aim of this work was to characterize the community of ectoparasites flies and their possible association patterns in a peri-urban area of Cerrado. Bats were captured between February and July 2011, with a sample effort of 9 504 h.m2. Ectoparasites were collected and identified. The parasite-host relationship was determined using index such as prevalence, average infestation intensity, and specificity. We captured 161 bats of seven species, with 29.81% (n = 48) that were infested. We found 83 flies of six species of Streblidae, with two accidental associations and eight non-accidental associations. The highest prevalence and intensity of infestation were found for the association between Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) and Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966. Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823) also presented high prevalence rates, while Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) and Sturnira lilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810) had low infestation prevalence. Four species of Streblidae were considered monoxenic and two oligoxenic, which is indicated by the analysis of specificity, which demonstrates the predominance of monoxenic species already reported in other works.

Moscas Streblidae ocorrem exclusivamente em morcegos e estão mundialmente distribuídas, com uma alta riqueza de moscas e hospedeiros no Brasil. Entretanto, o conhecimento dos aspectos ecológicos dessa relação é limitado à descrição das associações. O objetivo nesse trabalho foi caracterizar a comunidade de moscas ectoparasitas e de seus possíveis padrões de associação em uma área periurbana de Cerrado. Os morcegos foram capturados entre fevereiro e julho de 2011, com um esforço amostral de 9.504 h.m2. Os ectoparasitas foram coletados e identificados. A relação parasito-hospedeiro foi determinada usando índices como prevalência, intensidade média de infestação e especificidade. Capturamos 161 morcegos de sete espécies, dos quais 29,81% (n = 48) apresentaram-se infestados. Encontramos 83 moscas de seis espécies de Streblidae, com duas associações acidentais e oito associações não acidentais. A maior prevalência e intensidade de infestação foram verificadas na associação entre Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) e Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966. Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823) também apresentou elevadas taxas de prevalência, enquanto Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) e Sturnira lilium (E, Geoffroy, 1810) revelaram baixas prevalências de infestação. Quatro espécies de Streblidae foram consideradas monoxênicas e duas oligoxênicas, o que é indicado pela análise de especificidade, o que demonstra o predomínio de espécies monoxênicas já relatado em outros trabalhos.

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ABSTRACT Streblidae flies are found exclusively on bats and are distributed throughout the world, with a high richness of flies and host in Brazil. However, knowledge about the ecological aspects of these relationships is limited to descriptions of the associations. The aim of this work was to characterize the community of ectoparasites flies and their possible association patterns in a peri-urban area of Cerrado. Bats were captured between February and July 2011, with a sample effort of 9 504 h.m2. Ectoparasites were collected and identified. The parasite-host relationship was determined using index such as prevalence, average infestation intensity, and specificity. We captured 161 bats of seven species, with 29.81% (n = 48) that were infested. We found 83 flies of six species of Streblidae, with two accidental associations and eight non-accidental associations. The highest prevalence and intensity of infestation were found for the association between Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) and Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966. Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823) also presented high prevalence rates, while Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) and Sturnira lilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810) had low infestation prevalence. Four species of Streblidae were considered monoxenic and two oligoxenic, which is indicated by the analysis of specificity, which demonstrates the predominance of monoxenic species already reported in other works.

RESUMO Moscas Streblidae ocorrem exclusivamente em morcegos e estão mundialmente distribuídas, com uma alta riqueza de moscas e hospedeiros no Brasil. Entretanto, o conhecimento dos aspectos ecológicos dessa relação é limitado à descrição das associações. O objetivo nesse trabalho foi caracterizar a comunidade de moscas ectoparasitas e de seus possíveis padrões de associação em uma área periurbana de Cerrado. Os morcegos foram capturados entre fevereiro e julho de 2011, com um esforço amostral de 9.504 h.m2. Os ectoparasitas foram coletados e identificados. A relação parasito-hospedeiro foi determinada usando índices como prevalência, intensidade média de infestação e especificidade. Capturamos 161 morcegos de sete espécies, dos quais 29,81% (n = 48) apresentaram-se infestados. Encontramos 83 moscas de seis espécies de Streblidae, com duas associações acidentais e oito associações não acidentais. A maior prevalência e intensidade de infestação foram verificadas na associação entre Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) e Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966. Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823) também apresentou elevadas taxas de prevalência, enquanto Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) e Sturnira lilium (E, Geoffroy, 1810) revelaram baixas prevalências de infestação. Quatro espécies de Streblidae foram consideradas monoxênicas e duas oligoxênicas, o que é indicado pela análise de especificidade, o que demonstra o predomínio de espécies monoxênicas já relatado em outros trabalhos.

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Streblidae flies are found exclusively on bats and are distributed throughout the world, with a high richness of flies and host in Brazil. However, knowledge about the ecological aspects of these relationships is limited to descriptions of the associations. The aim of this work was to characterize the community of ectoparasites flies and their possible association patterns in a peri-urban area of Cerrado. Bats were captured between February and July 2011, with a sample effort of 9 504 h.m2. Ectoparasites were collected and identified. The parasite-host relationship was determined using index such as prevalence, average infestation intensity, and specificity. We captured 161 bats of seven species, with 29.81% (n = 48) that were infested. We found 83 flies of six species of Streblidae, with two accidental associations and eight non-accidental associations. The highest prevalence and intensity of infestation were found for the association between Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) and Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966. Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823) also presented high prevalence rates, while Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) and Sturnira lilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810) had low infestation prevalence. Four species of Streblidae were considered monoxenic and two oligoxenic, which is indicated by the analysis of specificity, which demonstrates the predominance of monoxenic species already reported in other works.(AU)

Moscas Streblidae ocorrem exclusivamente em morcegos e estão mundialmente distribuídas, com uma alta riqueza de moscas e hospedeiros no Brasil. Entretanto, o conhecimento dos aspectos ecológicos dessa relação é limitado à descrição das associações. O objetivo nesse trabalho foi caracterizar a comunidade de moscas ectoparasitas e de seus possíveis padrões de associação em uma área periurbana de Cerrado. Os morcegos foram capturados entre fevereiro e julho de 2011, com um esforço amostral de 9.504 h.m2. Os ectoparasitas foram coletados e identificados. A relação parasito-hospedeiro foi determinada usando índices como prevalência, intensidade média de infestação e especificidade. Capturamos 161 morcegos de sete espécies, dos quais 29,81% (n = 48) apresentaram-se infestados. Encontramos 83 moscas de seis espécies de Streblidae, com duas associações acidentais e oito associações não acidentais. A maior prevalência e intensidade de infestação foram verificadas na associação entre Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) e Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966. Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823) também apresentou elevadas taxas de prevalência, enquanto Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) e Sturnira lilium (E, Geoffroy, 1810) revelaram baixas prevalências de infestação. Quatro espécies de Streblidae foram consideradas monoxênicas e duas oligoxênicas, o que é indicado pela análise de especificidade, o que demonstra o predomínio de espécies monoxênicas já relatado em outros trabalhos.(AU)

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Spatial and temporal scales at which processes modulate genetic diversity over the landscape are usually overlooked, impacting the design of conservation management practices for widely distributed species. We examine processes shaping population divergence in highly mobile species by re-assessing the case of panmixia in the iconic olive ridley turtle from the eastern Pacific. We implemented a biophysical model of connectivity and a seascape genetic analysis based on nuclear DNA variation of 634 samples collected from 27 nesting areas. Two genetically distinct populations largely isolated during reproductive migrations and mating were detected, each composed of multiple nesting sites linked by high connectivity. This pattern was strongly associated with a steep environmental gradient and also influenced by ocean currents. These findings relate to meso-scale features of a dynamic oceanographic interface in the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) region, a scenario that possibly provides different cost-benefit solutions and selective pressures for sea turtles during both the mating and migration periods. We reject panmixia and propose a new paradigm for olive ridley turtles where reproductive isolation due to assortative mating is linked to its environment. Our study demonstrates the relevance of integrative approaches for assessing the role of environmental gradients and oceanographic currents as drivers of genetic differentiation in widely distributed marine species. This is relevant for the conservation management of species of highly mobile behaviour, and assists the planning and development of large-scale conservation strategies for the threatened olive ridley turtles in the ETP.

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In this study, hydrogen and methane production from co-digestion of food waste (FW), sewage sludge (SS) and raw glycerol (GL) was evaluated in a two-stage acidogenesis-methanogenesis anaerobic system under mesophilic conditions (35 °C). The effect of glycerol addition (1 and 3% v/v) as co-substrate was assessed in ternary mixtures (FW + SS + GL), with the concentration of all substrates kept at 10 g VS/L. Besides contributing to reduce the lag phase of the acidogenic bacterial culture, the presence of GL increased the hydrogen production in all tested conditions and the maximum hydrogen yield was obtained for the FW + SS + 3%GL mixture (179.3 mL H2/g VS). On the other hand, the highest methane production (342 mL CH4/g VS) was achieved in the test supplemented with 1% GL. At 3% GL, abrupt reductions in the biogas CH4 content and pH values resulting from instability in methanogenesis process were noticed over the experiment. By taking into account the hydrogen and methane production stages, the highest energy yield (i.e., 15.5 kJ/g VS) was obtained with the ternary mixture containing 1% GL. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of using glycerol as co-substrate to increase the H2 and CH4 production efficiency in a two-stage anaerobic co-digestion process, allowing simultaneous treatment of three residues (FW, SS and GL) and energy production.

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