RESUMEN
As part of the clinical evaluation of gadoteridol injection, intravenous doses ranging from 0.05 to 0.3 mmol/kg were administered to 1,709 patients and volunteers. Safety monitoring included pre- and postdose physical examinations, vital signs, and clinical laboratory values. Adverse event recording included occurrence, duration, severity, relationship to injection, and clinical importance. No clinically important changes in physical examination results, electrocardiograms, or vital signs were attributed to gadoteridol injection except for one case of hypotension. Four clinically important changes in laboratory values possibly or definitely related to the contrast agent were noted in two patients (0.1%). Adverse events were recorded in 118 subjects (6.9%), including nausea in 24 subjects (1.4%) and taste perversion in 22 subjects (1.3%). All other adverse events occurred with a frequency of less than 1%. Adverse events related to contrast agent administration occurred in 79 subjects (4.6%). Gadoteridol injection demonstrated excellent clinical safety and patient tolerance at various doses and injection rates.
Asunto(s)
Medios de Contraste/efectos adversos , Compuestos Heterocíclicos/efectos adversos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Compuestos Organometálicos/efectos adversos , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Tolerancia a Medicamentos , Gadolinio , Humanos , Inyecciones Intravenosas , MasculinoRESUMEN
A straightforward method of solving vectorial wave equations in terms of electric fields for cylindrically symmetrical optical fibers is described. Input profiles are modeled by functions with continuous derivatives, so all fields are continuous. To iterate propagation constants, a generalized secant method is used. Numerical integrations are performed with a published FORTRAN code based on a fourth/fifth-order Runge-Kutta method. Techniques that help to make calculations efficient are presented. By using an IBM personal computer, propagation constants of actual single-mode fibers are found with 11-digit computational accuracy in 2 min each. Finally, the scalar wave equation is also solved efficiently.
RESUMEN
In previous studies from our laboratories, it was shown that metals and alloys which register negative potentials in blood vs the normal hydrogen electrode tend to be antithrombogenic while those with positive potentials are invariably thrombogenic. The present paper deals with a novel approach of maintaining an implanted metallic prosthesis at a negative potential. A copper vascular prosthesis in a dog was maintained at cathodic potentials by a small amplitude (+/- 10 mV) high-frequency ac (100 kHz) on the prosthesis. The prostheses were removed after 2 hours, 6 hours, 1 day, and 42 days, with subsequent visual and scanning electron microscopic examination of the prostheses completed. All tubes were free of thrombus deposits. Minimal junctional thrombi were found, probably due to differences in physicochemical characteristics of the vascular prostheses and recipient vessels. The results are compared with those in the control group (copper tubes with no current) and dc polarized copper tubes. While the control tubes occluded in 2 to 6 hours, the dc and ac polarized tubes remained patent. Of the ac and dc polarized tubes, the former tubes lasted up to 6 weeks with less thrombus deposit. The mechanism of operation of the ac polarized copper prosthesis is not fully understood.