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Style penetration by pollen tubes is essential for reproductive success, a process requiring canonical Rab5s in Arabidopsis. However, functional loss of Arabidopsis Vps9a, the gene encoding for guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) of Rab5s, did not affect male transmission, implying the presence of a compensation program or redundancy. By combining genetic, cytological, and molecular approaches, we report that Arabidopsis Vps9b is a pollen-preferential gene, redundantly mediating pollen tube penetration of style with Vps9a. Vps9b is functionally interchangeable with Vps9a, whose functional distinction results from distinct expression profiles. Functional loss of Vps9a and Vps9b results in the mis-targeting of Rab5-dependent tonoplast proteins, defective vacuolar biogenesis, disturbed distribution of post-Golgi vesicles, increased cellular turgor, cytosolic acidification, and disrupted organization of actin microfilaments (MF) in pollen tubes, which collectively lead to the failure of pollen tubes to grow through style.

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Against the backdrop of escalating environmental pollution and resource depletion induced by traditional agricultural industry development, the imperative for agricultural efficiency and ecologically friendly practices has become pivotal for global agricultural sustainability. In the digital era, rural digitalization has substantially amplified agricultural production efficiency while notably reducing environmental pollution. This study is based on panel data from 1602 counties in China spanning from 2011 to 2020, measuring the levels of rural digitalization and agricultural green total factor productivity (AGTFP) across these counties, empirically examining their dynamic correlation. The research findings reveal: (1) A significant enhancement of AGTFP with the elevation of rural digitalization; for every 1 % increase in rural digitalization, AGTFP increases by 1.78 %. Robustness checks, including instrumental variables and quasi-natural experiments, affirm the validity of these conclusions. Furthermore, by comparing regional differences in China, it can be observed that the impact of rural digitalization on AGTFP varies across different areas: in the eastern, central, and western regions, for every 1 % increase in rural digitalization, the AGTFP increases by 2.65 %, 1.53 %, and 0.82 %, respectively. (2) Rural digitalization fosters an increase in AGTFP by stimulating rural entrepreneurial activity, with the mediation effect of rural entrepreneurial activity accounting for 3.34 % of the total effect. (3) Utilizing a threshold model, observations indicate that when rural digitalization surpasses the first threshold of 0.3200, the AGTFP coefficient escalates from 0.0462 to 0.7519. However, when rural digitalization exceeds the second threshold of 0.7118, this coefficient declines to 0.2429, signifying a nonlinear trend in the marginal effect of rural digitalization on AGTFP-initial enhancement followed by attenuation. (4) In the spatial model analysis, the study confirms spatial spillover effects of rural digitalization on AGTFP, indicating variations in spatial effects among different matrices. However, the indirect effects of rural digitalization on AGTFP, mainly influenced by the neighboring counties' digitalization levels, contribute more significantly than the direct effects. Based on these conclusions, this paper proposes augmenting investments in rural digitalization, implementing diversified rural digitalization schemes, invigorating rural entrepreneurial activity, and harmonizing regional digital development as novel approaches to enhance AGTFP, thereby fostering rural economic development.

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OBJECTIVE: We aimed to describe jaw function characteristics in patients with anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDWoR) using the jaw function limitation scale (JFLS), and to investigate the effects of biopsychosocial risk factors on limited jaw function. DESIGN: In this cross-sectional study of 636 patients with ADDWoR (females, 568; males, 68), we used the JFLS to assess jaw function. Behavioral, psychological, sociodemographic, and biomedical data were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors affecting limited jaw function. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the predictive effect of these risk factors. RESULTS: ADDWoR-associated limitations included restricted jaw mobility and mastication, which exceeded median global functional limitations scale scores, especially mouth opening to bite an apple and chewing tough food. Females had greater limitations in jaw mobility, verbal and emotional communication, and overall. Multivariate logistic regression analysis findings indicated that oral behaviors, anxiety, sex, pain intensity, and maximal mouth opening (MMO) were predictive of limited jaw function (area under the curve, 72 %). CONCLUSION: Patients with ADDWoR reported mastication and jaw mobility restrictions, with females having more pronounced limitations, and specific risk factors identified as significant predictors of jaw function limitations. Along with pain relief and improvement in MMO, appropriate psychological counseling and oral behavioral correction facilitates recovery of jaw function in such patients.

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Transcriptional reprogramming is critical for plant immunity. Several calmodulin (CaM)-binding protein 60 (CBP60) family transcription factors (TFs) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), including CBP60g, Systemic Acquired Resistance Deficient 1 (SARD1), CBP60a, and CBP60b, are critical for and show distinct roles in immunity. However, there are additional CBP60 members whose function is unclear. We report here that Arabidopsis CBP60c-f, four uncharacterized CBP60 members, play redundant roles with CBP60b in the transcriptional regulation of immunity responses, whose pCBP60b-driven expression compensates the loss of CBP60b. By contrast, neither CBP60g nor SARD1 is inter-changeable with CBP60b, suggesting clade-specific functionalization. We further show that function of CBP60b clade TFs relies on DNA-binding domains (DBDs) and CaM-binding domains, suggesting that they are downstream components of calcium signaling. Importantly, we demonstrate that CBP60s encoded in earliest land plant lineage Physcomitrium patens and Selaginella moellendorffii, are functionally homologous to Arabidopsis CBP60b, suggesting that the CBP60b clade contains the prototype TFs of the CBP60 family. Furthermore, tomato and cucumber CBP60b-like genes rescue the defects of Arabidopsis cbp60b and activate the expression of tomato and cucumber SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIIENT2 (SID2) and ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) genes, suggesting that immune response pathways centered on CBP60b are also evolutionarily conserved. Together, these findings suggest CBP60b clade transcription factors are functionally conserved in evolution and positively mediate immunity.

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To clarify the genetic role of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) genes in Parkinson's disease (PD), we performed a genetic association study in large Chinese population cohorts using next-generation sequencing. In this study, we analyzed both rare and common variants of 38 phospholipase A2 genes in two large cohorts. We detected 1558 and 1115 rare variants in these two cohorts, respectively. In both cohorts, we observed suggestive associations between specific subgroups and the risk of PD. At the single-gene level, several genes (PLA2G2D, PLA2G12A, PLA2G12B, PLA2G4F, PNPLA1, PNPLA3, PNPLA7, PLA2G7, PLA2G15, PLAAT5, and ABHD12) are suggestively associated with PD. Meanwhile, 364 and 2261 common variants were identified in two cohorts, respectively. Our study has expanded the genetic spectrum of the PLA2 family genes and suggested potential pathogenetic roles of PLA2 superfamily in PD.

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For accurate in vivo detection, nonspecific adsorption of biomacromolecules such as proteins and cells is a severe issue. The adsorption leads to electrode passivation, significantly compromising both the sensitivity and precision of sensing. Meanwhile, common antibiofouling modifications, such as polymer coatings, still grapple with issues related to biocompatibility, electrode passivation, and miniaturization. Herein, we propose a composite antibiofouling coating strategy based on zwitterionic metal-organic frameworks (Z-MOFs) and a combination of acrylamide hydrogels. On a well-designed TiO2/Z-MOF/hydrogel photoelectrode, we achieve highly sensitive and selective detection of dopamine in complex biological environments. The hydrogel's three-dimensional porous structure combined with unique microporous architecture of Z-MOF ensures effective sieving of interfering macromolecules while preserving efficient small molecules and electron transport. This innovative approach paves the way for constructing miniature, in vivo antibiofouling sensors for molecule monitoring in living organisms with complicated chemical environments.

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Background and aim: Rivaroxaban is an emerging oral anticoagulant for postoperative anticoagulation after percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC). Because a once-daily dosing regimen of rivaroxaban causes fluctuations in the drug plasma concentration, we studied the feasibility and safety of twice-daily rivaroxaban as a postoperative anticoagulation regimen for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing LAAC. Methods: This study involved patients with AF who underwent LAAC and took rivaroxaban postoperatively. A total of 326 patients who received a standard total dose (15 or 20 mg) of rivaroxaban based on their creatinine clearance rate were divided into the twice-daily (BID) rivaroxaban group (n = 208) and once-daily (QD) rivaroxaban group (n = 118) according to their anticoagulation strategy. Transesophageal echocardiography was recommended at 3-6 months postoperatively to check for device-related thrombosis (DRT). Clinical outcomes were evaluated during postoperative anticoagulation. Results: The median CHA2DS2-VASc score (4 [3, 5] vs. 4 [3, 5], p = 0.28) and HAS-BLED score (2 [2, 3] vs. 2 [2, 3], p = 0.48) were not significantly different between the groups. During the anticoagulation period (4.1 ± 0.7 vs. 4.1 ± 0.9 months, p = 0.58), 148 (71.2%) patients in the BID group and 75 (63.6%) in the QD group underwent follow-up transesophageal echocardiography. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of DRT (1.4% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.60), minor bleeding (8.2% vs. 11.0%, p = 0.39), thromboembolic events (1.0% vs. 0.8%, p = 1.00), major bleeding (0.5% vs. 0.8%, p = 1.00), or death. Conclusion: A short course of twice-daily rivaroxaban following LAAC is a feasible alternative regimen with a low rate of major bleeding events, DRT, and thromboembolic events for patients with AF.

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BACKGROUND: Risk factors for temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify risk factors for TMD pain using a biopsychosocial model and to investigate interactions between potential risk factors-oral behaviours (OBs), psychological factors and sleep quality-and their direct and indirect effects on TMD pain. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 488 patients with TMDs (422 women; 30.8 ± 9.4 years). Pain was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale. Demographic, behavioural, psychological and biomedical data were collected through clinical examination, face-to-face interviews and questionnaires. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with TMD pain. Mediation and moderation analysis were used to evaluate interactions between variables. Significant mediation ('0' not included in the 95% confidence interval (CI)) and moderation (p < .05) effects on TMD pain were identified. RESULTS: Marital status, diagnosis subgroup, previous medication use, depression and sleep quality were significant risk factors for TMD pain (p < .05). Significant mediation effects were observed as follows: depression and sleep quality mediated the association between OBs and pain; sleep quality mediated the association between somatization, depression, anxiety and pain; and depression mediated the association between sleep quality and pain (all 95% CI did not contain '0'). CONCLUSIONS: (1) Marital status, diagnosis subgroup, previous medication use, depression and sleep quality were associated with TMD pain. (2) OBs can exacerbate pain by promoting depression and reducing sleep quality. Psychological factors and sleep quality can interact to exacerbate pain.

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AIM: To investigate the differences in varying stages of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).METHODS: Cross-sectional study. A total of 77 cases(77 eyes)of diabetic patients were included, and they were divided into non-diabetic retinopathy(NDR; 23 eyes)and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR; 54 eyes)groups, further subdivided into mild NPDR(20 eyes), moderate NPDR(20 eyes), and severe NPDR(14 eyes). Foveal avascular zone(FAZ)area, superficial and deep capillary plexus densities(SSP and DSP), and visual acuity(LogMAR)were compared between NDR and NPDR groups. Furthermore, the visual acuity, FAZ area and levels of SSP and DSP were compared in different degrees of NPDR. Correlation analysis were conducted to elucidate relationships between FAZ area, visual acuity, SSP, DSP, and severity of the disease.RESULTS: Compared with the NDR group, the visual acuity(LogMAR)and macular FAZ area increased, while SSP and DSP were decreased in the NPDR group(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05); there were significant differences in visual acuity, FAZ area and SSP and DSP levels in different degrees of NPDR(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05). Visual acuity(LogMAR)and FAZ area displayed a positive correlation with the severity of disease, while SSP and DSP showed a negative correlation.CONCLUSION: With the progression of NPDR, the visual acuity(LogMAR)and FAZ area increased, and the SSP and DSP decreased.

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Purpose@#Molecular residual disease (MRD) is the main cause of postoperative recurrence of breast cancer. However, the baseline tumor genomic characteristics and therapeutic implications of breast cancer patients with detectable MRD after surgery are still unknown. @*Materials and Methods@#In this study, we enrolled 80 patients with breast cancer who underwent next-generation sequencing-based genetic testing of 1,021 cancer-related genes performed on baseline tumor and postoperative plasma, among which 18 patients had detectable MRD after surgery. @*Results@#Baseline clinical characteristics found that patients with higher clinical stages were more likely to have detectable MRD. Analysis of single nucleotide variations and small insertions/deletions in baseline tumors showed that somatic mutations in MAP3K1, ATM, FLT1, GNAS, POLD1, SPEN, and WWP2 were significantly enriched in patients with detectable MRD. Oncogenic signaling pathway analysis revealed that alteration of the Cell cycle pathway was more likely to occur in patients with detectable MRD (p=0.012). Mutational signature analysis showed that defective DNA mismatch repair and activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) mediated somatic hypermutation (SHM) were associated with detectable MRD. According to the OncoKB database, 77.8% (14/18) of patients with detectable MRD had U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved mutational biomarkers and targeted therapy. @*Conclusion@#Our study reports genomic characteristics of breast cancer patients with detectable MRD. The cell cycle pathway, defective DNA mismatch repair, and AID-mediated SHM were found to be the possible causes of detectable MRD. We also found the vast majority of patients with detectable MRD have the opportunity to access targeted therapy.

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BACKGROUND: Progress in malaria control has stalled in recent years and innovative surveillance and response approaches are needed to accelerate malaria control and elimination efforts in endemic areas of Africa. Building on a previous China-UK-Tanzania pilot study on malaria control, this study aimed to assess the impact of the 1,7-malaria Reactive Community-Based Testing and Response (1,7-mRCTR) approach implemented over two years in three districts of Tanzania. METHODS: The 1,7-mRCTR approach provides community-based malaria testing via rapid diagnostic tests and treatment in villages with the highest burden of malaria incidence based on surveillance data from health facilities. We used a difference-in-differences quasi-experimental design with linear probability models and two waves of cross-sectional household surveys to assess the impact of 1,7-mRCTR on malaria prevalence. We conducted sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of our results, examined how intervention effects varied in subgroups, and explored alternative explanations for the observed results. RESULTS: Between October 2019 and September 2021, 244,771 community-based malaria rapid tests were completed in intervention areas, and each intervention village received an average of 3.85 rounds of 1-7mRCTR. Malaria prevalence declined from 27.4% at baseline to 11.7% at endline in the intervention areas and from 26.0% to 16.0% in the control areas. 1,7-mRCTR was associated with a 4.5-percentage-point decrease in malaria prevalence (95% confidence interval: - 0.067, - 0.023), equivalent to a 17% reduction from the baseline. In Rufiji, a district characterized by lower prevalence and where larviciding was additionally provided, 1,7-mRCTR was associated with a 63.9% decline in malaria prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: The 1,7-mRCTR approach reduced malaria prevalence. Despite implementation interruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic and supply chain challenges, the study provided novel evidence on the effectiveness of community-based reactive approaches in moderate- to high-endemicity areas and demonstrated the potential of South-South cooperation in tackling global health challenges.

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The study aimed to compare the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections for the treatment of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) with hyaluronic acid (HA) therapy. This randomized controlled trial included 70 patients with TMJ-OA, randomly divided into either a PRP or HA group. The pain intensity, maximum mouth opening (MMO), TMJ sound score, and proportion of crepitus were recorded and compared at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months. Both groups showed statistically significant improvements in pain intensity, MMO, TMJ sound, and scale scores during the 6-month follow-up period. The improvements in pain intensity during mouth opening at 1 month, MMO at 1, 3, and 6 months, TMJ sound score at 1 and 3 months, and GAD-7 score at 6 months in the PRP group were greater than in the HA group (p < 0.05). Compared with the HA group, imaging improvement in the PRP group was also higher (p < 0.05). Within the limitations of the study it seems that the application of PRP therapy in TMJ-OA is should be considered whenever possible.

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Growth arrest-specific gene 7 (Gas7) was involved in various cellular functions, although its specific roles and molecular mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remained unclear. So the current study was to investigate the role of Gas7 in HCC. Our findings revealed that Gas7 was downregulated in various HCC cell lines and low Gas7 expression was associated with decreased overall survival in patients with HCC. Additionally, our functional assays showed that Gas7 inhibited cell proliferation and migration, induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy, and enhanced oxaliplatin sensitivity by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. We also observed that transcription factorSp1 was responsible for inhibiting Gas7. These findings provide insights into the role and elucidated a potential mechanism of Gas7 in HCC progression and metastasis. It was also observed that the Sp1/Gas7/PI3K/Akt axis was critical for malignant phenotype and oxaliplatin sensitivity in HCC. Therefore, Gas7 can be considered as a prognostic predictor and therapeutic target for HCC.

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BACKGROUND: Children under five are the vulnerable population most at risk of being infected with Plasmodium parasites, especially in the Sahel region. Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), has proven to be a highly effective intervention to prevent malaria. Given more deaths reported during the COVID-19 pandemic than in previous years due to the disruptions to essential medical services, it is, therefore, necessary to seek a more coordinated and integrated approach to increasing the pace, coverage and resilience of SMC. Towards this end, fully leverage the resources of major players in the global fight against malaria, such as China could accelerate the SMC process in Africa. METHODS: We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase for research articles and the Institutional Repository for Information Sharing of WHO for reports on SMC. We used gap analysis to investigate the challenges and gaps of SMC since COVID-19. Through the above methods to explore China's prospective contribution to SMC. RESULTS: A total of 68 research articles and reports were found. Through gap analysis, we found that despite the delays in the SMC campaign, 11.8 million children received SMC in 2020. However, there remained some challenges: (1) a shortage of fully covered monthly courses; (2) lack of adherence to the second and third doses of amodiaquine; (3) four courses of SMC are not sufficient to cover the entire malaria transmission season in areas where the peak transmission lasts longer; (4) additional interventions are needed to consolidate SMC efforts. China was certified malaria-free by WHO in 2021, and its experience and expertise in malaria elimination can be shared with high-burden countries. With the potential to join the multilateral cooperation in SMC, including the supply of quality-assured health commodities, know-how transfer and experience sharing, China is expected to contribute to the ongoing scale-up of SMC. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of necessary preventive and curative activities may prove beneficial both for targeted populations and for health system strengthening in the long run. More actions are entailed to promote the partnership and China can be one of the main contributors with various roles.

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Pollen tubes have dynamic tubular vacuoles. Functional loss of AP-3, a regulator of one vacuolar trafficking route, reduces pollen tube growth. However, the role of canonical Rab5 GTPases that are responsible for two other vacuolar trafficking routes in Arabidopsis pollen tubes is obscure. By using genomic editing, confocal microscopy, pollen tube growth assays, and transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrate that functional loss of canonical Rab5s in Arabidopsis, RHA1 and ARA7, causes the failure of pollen tubes to grow through style and thus impairs male transmission. Functional loss of canonical Rab5s compromises vacuolar trafficking of tonoplast proteins, vacuolar biogenesis, and turgor regulation. However, rha1;ara7 pollen tubes are comparable to those of wild-type in growing through narrow passages by microfluidic assays. We demonstrate that functional loss of canonical Rab5s compromises endocytic and secretory trafficking at the plasma membrane (PM), whereas the targeting of PM-associated ATPases is largely unaffected. Despite that, rha1;ara7 pollen tubes contain a reduced cytosolic pH and disrupted actin microfilaments, correlating with the mis-targeting of vacuolar ATPases (VHA). These results imply a key role of vacuoles in maintaining cytoplasmic proton homeostasis and in pollen tube penetrative growth through style.

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The patents of acupuncture and moxibustion in China and abroad was analyzed, aiming to provide support for the innovative development of acupuncture industry. With the China Think Tank of Patent of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the PatSnap database as data sources, based on the mathematical statistics method, the application trend, legal status, patent types, transformation and distribution of major technical fields of acupuncture patents in China and abroad were analyzed. As a result, a total of 53,422 acupuncture patents were screened, involving 49 countries and 4 organizations. The patent types were mainly utility model patents. Although the application number of acupuncture patent had increased rapidly, the average patent conversion rate was generally low, approximately 4%. In the context of global economic integration, the acupuncture industry is developing at a high speed. It is suggested to take advantage of the "Belt and Road Initiative" to improve the international acceptance of acupuncture and moxibustion, adhere to the principle of attaching equal importance to the number and quality of patents, promote the in-depth cooperation of industry-university-research, and promote high-quality development of acupuncture and moxibustion.

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Introduction: Entrepreneurs' attitudes toward risk is one of the most critical factors influencing business growth and economic development. Therefore, addressing the influencing factors and formation mechanisms of entrepreneurs' risk attitudes has become a crucial research endeavor. In this paper, we examine how contract performance rates affect entrepreneurs' risk attitudes through the mediating effect of subjective well-being as well as assess the moderating effect of the regional business environment on this relationship. Methods: The ordered probit regression technique was employed to analyze the data obtained from 3,660 sampled respondents from the 2019 China Household Finance Survey. All analysis was performed using Stata 15.0. Results: The empirical results show that contract performance rates have a substantial positive indirect effect on entrepreneurs' degree of risk aversion through improved subjective well-being. The regional business environment plays a negative regulatory role in the relationship between contract performance rates and entrepreneurs' risk aversion. Furthermore, urban-rural heterogeneity appears to consistently determine the extent of the influence of contract performance rates on entrepreneurs' risk attitudes. Conclusion: To reduce entrepreneurs' risk aversion and enhance social and economic activity, the government should improve regional business environments by taking specific measures. Our study contributes to the empirical understanding of entrepreneurs' investment decisions in the context of urban and rural environments.

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The inflammasome is a protein complex composed of a variety of proteins in cells and which participates in the innate immune response of the body. It can be activated by upstream signal regulation and plays an important role in pyroptosis, apoptosis, inflammation, tumor regulation, etc. In recent years, the number of metabolic syndrome patients with insulin resistance (IR) has increased year by year, and the inflammasome is closely related to the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases. The inflammasome can directly or indirectly affect conduction of the insulin signaling pathway, involvement the occurrence of IR and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Moreover, various therapeutic agents also work through the inflammasome to treat with diabetes. This review focuses on the role of inflammasome on IR and T2DM, pointing out the association and utility value. Briefly, we have discussed the main inflammasomes, including NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, NLRP6 and AIM2, as well as their structure, activation and regulation in IR were described in detail. Finally, we discussed the current therapeutic options-associated with inflammasome for the treatment of T2DM. Specially, the NLRP3-related therapeutic agents and options are widely developed. In summary, this article reviews the role of and research progress on the inflammasome in IR and T2DM.

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BACKGROUND: Mass screening and treatment (MSAT) for malaria elimination lacks an ideal diagnostic tool to allow sensitive and affordable test of the target population in the field. This study evaluated whether Capture and Ligation Probe-PCR (CLIP-PCR) could be used in a field MSAT in Laiza City, Myanmar. METHODS: On day 0, two dried blood spots were collected from each participant. On day 1, all samples were screened for Plasmodium in a 20 m2 laboratory with workbench, a biosafety cabinet, a refrigerator, a benchtop shaking incubator and a qPCR machine, by four technicians using CLIP-PCR with sample pooling, at a health clinic of the Chinese bordering town of Nabang. On day 2, all positives were followed up and treated. RESULTS: Of 15,038 persons (65% of the total population) screened, 204 (1.36%) were CLIP-PCR positives. Among them, 188, 14, and 2 were infected with Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, and P. vivax/P. falciparum mix, respectively. The testing capacity was 538 persons/day, with a cost of US$0.92 /person. The proportion of submicroscopic infection was 64.7%. All positive individuals received treatment within 72 h after blood collection. CONCLUSION: Using CLIP-PCR in MSAT in low transmission settings can support the malaria elimination efforts in the China-Myanmar border region.

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