RESUMEN
We examined the effects of long-term no-tillage sowing with crop stubbles on seedling emergence quality and yield of spring wheat under the three typical spring wheat planting modes of single wheat, wheat-corn intercropping and wheat-soybean intercropping in a long-term field experiment in Hexi oasis irrigated area, aiming to provide theoretical support for the efficient and sustai-nable production of spring wheat. The results showed that, compared with traditional tillage, no-tillage sowing with crop stubbles significantly decreased seedling emergence rate and emergence evenness of spring wheat in wheat-corn intercropping and wheat-soybean intercropping by 3.3%-8.6%, 9.6%-20.5%, 2.9%-8.8%, and 10.7%-61.7%, respectively. Emergence evenness was significantly increased by 14.9% in 2019, while seedling emergence rate was significantly decreased by 4.2% in 2020 under the mode of single wheat compared with traditional tillage. Seedling uniformity of spring wheat seedling stage were reduced under the three typical planting modes, including single wheat, wheat-corn intercropping and wheat-soybean intercropping. Spike number of spring wheat were equal to that of traditional tillage at harvest under the three planting modes of no-tillage sowing with crop stubbles, and the differences were not significant. Effects of seedling emergence rate of spring wheat on yield was weakened by increasing grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight of spring wheat under the three planting modes. Grain yield was significantly increased by 10.3%-12.9% (single wheat), 10.5%-11.9% (wheat-corn intercropping), and 10.3%-22.5% (wheat-soybean intercropping) at harvest, respectively. Our results indicated that no-tillage sowing with crop stubbles was the feasible tillage mode in the production process of spring wheat in Hexi oasis irrigation area with extremely serious farmland wind erosion degradation.
Asunto(s)
Agricultura , Triticum , Agricultura/métodos , China , Grano Comestible , Zea maysRESUMEN
By using Ultraviolet-visible Spectrometry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer and Elemental Analyzer, spectrum and chemical characteristics of soil DOM affected by long-term different fertilizations were investigated in irrigation-desert soil in North-western China based on an experiment started from 1988. Four different fertilization treatments were included, i. e., organic fertilizer (OF), green manure (GM), chemical fertilizer (CF) and a control of no fertilization (CK). The results showed that fertilization could increase the contents of DOM. Compared to CK, the treatments of OF, GM, CF increased the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by 37%, 29%, 16%; increased the dissolved nitrogen (DON) by 334%, 257%, 182%; increased the total carbohydrate (TCs) by 90%, 25%, 2%; and increased the total organic acids (TOAs) by 195%, 116%, 58%; respectively. Furthermore, DOC, DON, TCs, and TOAs in the OF treatment were significantly higher than those in CK, they were also significantly higher in the GM and CF treatments except for TCs. The ultraviolet-visible analysis showed that fertilizations enhanced the SUVA(254), SUVA(260), SUVA(272) and SUVA(280) of DOM, indicating that fertilizations increased the aromatic and hydrophobic percentage, humification degree, and average molecular weight, and thus resulting in more stability of DOM. Same trends were showed for all the 4 ultraviolet spectrum absorption values in different fertilizations, i. e., the strongest effect was found in the OF treatment, and then was the GM treatment and CF treatment successively. From the results by the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry, the characteristic peak of aromatic in the OF treatment was observed shifting from 1 625 to 1 649 cm(-1), which was close to the characteristic peak of humin, suggesting that the aromaticity of DOM in the OF treatment was higher than the other treatments. The characteristic peaks of C-O at 1 260-1 000 cm(-1) belonging to sugar, alcohol, and carboxylic acid were highest in the GM treatment, showing that the green manure could increase rich oxygen radicals. The highest characteristic peaks of N-H at 3 559, 3 419 and 1 456 cm(-1) were observed in the CF treatment, indicating that the chemical fertilizer could increase amine substances. The contents of C, O and N in the OF, GM, CF treatments were also increased respectively according to the elemental analysis.