RESUMEN
The results of 46 observational studies were analyzed to assess the strength of the association between depression and parenting behavior and to identify variables that moderated the effects. The association between depression and parenting was manifest most strongly for negative maternal behavior and was evident to a somewhat lesser degree in disengagement from the child. The association between depression and positive maternal behavior was relatively weak, albeit significant. Effects for negative maternal behavior were moderated by timing of the depression: Current depression was associated with the largest effects. However, residual effects of prior depression were apparent for all behaviors. Socioeconomic status, child age, and methodological variables moderated the effects for positive behavior: Effects were strongest for studies of disadvantaged women and mothers of infants. Studies using diagnostic interviews and self-report measures yielded similar effects, suggesting that deficits are not specific to depressive disorder. Research is needed to identify factors that affect the magnitude of parenting deficits among women who are experiencing depression and other psychological difficulties.
Asunto(s)
Hijo de Padres Discapacitados/psicología , Trastorno Depresivo/psicología , Madres/psicología , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Trastorno Depresivo/diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , LactanteRESUMEN
College students (n = 132) and mothers (n = 64) listened to simulated hotline calls and rated level of suicide risk and the helpfulness of interventions. Students also rated their intent to take action in a similar situation; mothers rated their child's intent to take action. Students, more than mothers, perceived emotional problems to be associated with risk; mothers, more than students, perceived changes in behavior to be associated with risk. Students and mothers generally agreed regarding the helpfulness of different interventions, rating talking as most helpful. However, students, more than mothers, perceived social distraction as helpful. Mothers were generally accurate in their perceptions of their children's intended actions. Results suggest the need for additional research on the skills adolescents bring to crisis situations.
Asunto(s)
Actitud Frente a la Salud , Intervención en la Crisis (Psiquiatría)/métodos , Madres , Estudiantes , Prevención del Suicidio , Adolescente , Adulto , Análisis de Varianza , Femenino , Líneas Directas , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Asunción de Riesgos , Percepción Social , Suicidio/psicologíaRESUMEN
Examined the convergent and discriminant validity of the Parent Attribution Test (PAT; Bugental, Blue, & Cruzcosa, 1989), the Parental Locus of Control Scale (PLOC; Campis, Lyman, & Prentice-Dunn, 1986), and the Parenting Sense of Competence-Efficacy Scale (PSOC-Efficacy; Johnston & Mash, 1989) in 3 samples of community mothers. In the 1st 2 samples, mothers also completed measures of negative affect and social desirability. In the 3rd sample, the PAT and PSOC-Efficacy scales were administered with measures of adult attachment style and child behavior problems. There was weak support for the convergent validity of the measures. Moreover, the discriminant validity of the measures was not adequately demonstrated. Our results suggest that PLOC and PSOC-Efficacy scores may reflect distress and response style as well as beliefs about parenting. Scores on the PAT, although less influenced by response style and distress, appear to reflect a different dimension of efficacy than that assessed by other self-report measures.
Asunto(s)
Salud de la Familia , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Psicometría/normas , Adolescente , Adulto , Afecto , Niño , Trastornos de la Conducta Infantil/psicología , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Análisis Factorial , Femenino , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Lactante , Control Interno-Externo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Apego a Objetos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Autoevaluación (Psicología) , Deseabilidad Social , Percepción SocialRESUMEN
The authors examined the mood patterns of young adults with cyclothymia, intermittent depression, or no affective disorder in a nonclinical population. In a conceptual replication and extension of R. A. Depue et al. (1981, Study 5), participants completed a trait measure of mood and then completed daily mood ratings for 28 days. Individuals in the intermittent depression and cyclothymia groups were characterized by high levels of negative affect on trait and daily ratings. Both groups were also characterized by high variability of negative affect across days. Individuals with cyclothymia reported higher levels of trait and daily positive affect than individuals with intermittent depression and also exhibited high between-day variability on positive affect. Similarities and differences with R. A. Depue et al. (1981) are described and the results are discussed in terms of the common and differentiating features of the subsyndromal affective disorders.
Asunto(s)
Afecto , Trastorno Bipolar/diagnóstico , Trastorno Depresivo/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Trastorno Bipolar/psicología , Trastorno Depresivo/psicología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos del Humor/psicologíaRESUMEN
In a conceptual replication of A. Biglan, J. Rothlind, H. Hops, and L. Sherman (1989), 288 subjects rated their emotional and behavioral responses to aggressive, distressed, and neutral behaviors. The stimulus behaviors occurred in the context of casual relationships and were portrayed by male and female actors. Consistent with Biglan et al., we found that aggressive behaviors evoked angry emotions and negative behavioral responses; distressed behaviors evoked both angry and concerned emotions and supportive behavioral responses. However, in contrast to the original results, we also found evidence of negative (primarily avoidant) behavioral responses to distressed behavior.
Asunto(s)
Emociones , Relaciones Interpersonales , Conducta Social , Adolescente , Adulto , Agresión/psicología , Depresión/psicología , Femenino , Identidad de Género , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The social interactions of depressed and nondepressed mothers and their preschool-age children were observed and mothers' perceptions of child behavior assessed. Depressed mothers, as a group, exhibited more negative behavior than controls; however, no differences were found for maternal positive behavior or contingent responding. There was a high degree of reciprocity between child and mother behavior in both groups and there was a trend for children of the depressed mothers to be more negative than the control children. The results with cognitive measures were consistent with depressive realism in perception of social interactions: Depressed mothers recalled more negative child behavior than nondepressed mothers; however, these perceptions paralleled the observed interactions. Overall, the results suggest that maternal depression is associated with negative parent-child interactions and more negative, albeit fairly accurate, perceptions of child behavior.
Asunto(s)
Hijo de Padres Discapacitados/psicología , Trastorno Depresivo/psicología , Relaciones Madre-Hijo , Socialización , Atención , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Determinación de la Personalidad , Desarrollo de la Personalidad , Solución de Problemas , Medio SocialRESUMEN
Designed study as a conceptual replication of Shaffer, Friedrich, Shurtleff, and Wolf (1985). Intelligence, school achievement, and perceptual motor skill data from 73 children with uncomplicated myelomeningocele were examined to determine their deviation from test norms. The respective impact of shunting and functional motor level was also assessed. The sample as a whole functioned below WISC-R and VMI norms. On the WRAT, deviation from the norms was evident only for the Arithmetic subtest. Partial replication of the Shunt X Motor level interaction reported by Shaffer et al. (1985) was obtained. Limitations of small-sample studies are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Escolaridad , Inteligencia , Meningomielocele/psicología , Desempeño Psicomotor , Adolescente , Derivaciones del Líquido Cefalorraquídeo/normas , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Pruebas de Inteligencia , Masculino , Meningomielocele/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
This study was conducted to evaluate the convergent and discriminant validity of vigilance measures of attention and impulsivity in children. One hundred children referred for evaluation of attention and learning problems were administered a battery of tests including two vigilance tasks, other laboratory measures of inattention and impulsivity, and parent and teacher ratings. It was predicted that vigilance task performance would correlate with teacher ratings and laboratory measures of inattention while correlations with ratings of aggressive behavior were predicted to be lower. Moderate correlations were obtained between the vigilance task scores and other laboratory measures of inattention and impulsivity. However, the vigilance scores did not correlate with teacher or parent ratings of behavior. A factor analysis, conducted to identify underlying dimensions of attention in the battery of tests, revealed strong source effects. The implications for use of vigilance measures in diagnosis are discussed.