RESUMEN
PURPOSE: During glutaminolysis, glutamine is catabolized to glutamate and incorporated into citric acid cycle and lipogenesis. Serum glutamate levels were measured in patients with primary prostate cancer or metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPCa) to establish clinical relevance. The effect of glutamate deprivation or blockade by metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (GRM1) antagonists was investigated on prostate cancer cells' growth, migration, and invasion to establish biologic relevance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Serum glutamate levels were measured in normal men (n = 60) and patients with primary prostate cancer (n = 197) or mCRPCa (n = 109). GRM1 expression in prostatic tissues was examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cell growth, migration, and invasion were determined using cell cytotoxicity and modified Boyden chamber assays, respectively. Apoptosis was detected using immunoblotting against cleaved caspases, PARP, and γ-H2AX. RESULTS: Univariate and multivariate analyses showed significantly higher serum glutamate levels in Gleason score ≥ 8 than in the Gleason score ≤ 7 and in African Americans than in the Caucasian Americans. African Americans with mCRPCa had significantly higher serum glutamate levels than those with primary prostate cancer or benign prostate. However, in Caucasian Americans, serum glutamate levels were similar in normal research subjects and patients with mCRPC. IHC showed weak or no expression of GRM1 in luminal acinar epithelial cells of normal or hyperplastic glands but high expression in primary or metastatic prostate cancer tissues. Glutamate deprivation or blockade decreased prostate cancer cells' proliferation, migration, and invasion and led to apoptotic cell death. CONCLUSIONS: Glutamate expression is mechanistically associated with and may provide a biomarker of prostate cancer aggressiveness.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Glutámico/sangre , Neoplasias de la Próstata/sangre , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Adulto , Negro o Afroamericano , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Clasificación del Tumor , Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Receptores de Glutamato Metabotrópico/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores de Glutamato Metabotrópico/metabolismo , Riluzol/farmacología , Población BlancaRESUMEN
Excisional or incisional biopsies of melanoma are used to determine depth of tumor invasion and to plan subsequent treatment. Accurate determination of depth of melanoma invasion is critical for treatment decisions and prognosis. Incisional or punch biopsies can be perilous for histopathologic determination of invasion, and both over- and underestimation of invasion can occur when using incisional methods. Likewise, histologic factors can lead to over- and underestimation of invasion. Prognosis and treatment of melanoma are primarily determined by depth of tumor invasion. We discuss several scenarios that can lead to over- and underestimation of depth of invasion in incisional biopsy specimens. We therefore discourage incisional or punch biopsies of suspected melanoma and recommend that depth of invasion not be reported on these types of specimens.
Asunto(s)
Biopsia con Aguja/métodos , Melanoma/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Errores Diagnósticos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Hemangiopericytomas are rare soft-tissue neoplastic lesions that can arise in any part of the body. They are mesenchymal tumors that account for 3 to 5% of all soft-tissue sarcomas and 1% of all vascular tumors. They originate in extravascular cells (pericytes). Some 15 to 30% of all hemangiopericytomas occur in the head and neck; of these, approximately 5% occur in the sinonasal area. We describe our brief retrospective review of 7 histologically proven cases of sinonasal hemangiopericytoma, and we discuss the imaging characteristics and clinical and pathologic findings in these patients.
Asunto(s)
Hemangiopericitoma/patología , Neoplasias Nasales/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Epistaxis/cirugía , Femenino , Hemangiopericitoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Hemangiopericitoma/cirugía , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Nasales/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Nasales/cirugía , Neoplasias de los Senos Paranasales/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de los Senos Paranasales/patología , Neoplasias de los Senos Paranasales/cirugía , Radiografía , Estudios RetrospectivosAsunto(s)
Condrosarcoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Laríngeas/diagnóstico , Laringoscopía , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biopsia con Aguja , Condrosarcoma/epidemiología , Condrosarcoma/cirugía , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Incidencia , Neoplasias Laríngeas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Laríngeas/cirugía , Laringectomía/métodos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Enfermedades Raras , Distribución por Sexo , Tasa de Supervivencia , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XAsunto(s)
Calcinosis/etiología , Condromatosis Sinovial/diagnóstico , Hombro/patología , Adulto , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
Peri-renal fat necrosis is rarely encountered, especially in the absence of previous surgery, trauma, or pancreatic disease. We report a patient being followed for chronic renal insufficiency by renal ultrasound in whom a renal mass was detected. Imaging studies were suggestive of renal cell carcinoma with extra-capsular extension. Histologic study confirmed renal cell carcinoma but the radiographic impression of tumor extension into surrounding adipose tissue was explained by peri-renal fat necrosis and fibrosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second reported case of peri-renal fat necrosis associated with renal cell carcinoma. We propose a possible mechanism for the association.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Renales/complicaciones , Necrosis Grasa/etiología , Neoplasias Renales/complicaciones , Carcinoma de Células Renales/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Renales/cirugía , Humanos , Riñón/diagnóstico por imagen , Riñón/patología , Neoplasias Renales/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Renales/cirugía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
Traditional methods to identify dimorphic fungi dictate that the mold be converted to the yeast phase at 35 to 37 degrees C. We present a time- and cost-saving method of confirming the identification of a dimorph by using special stains to demonstrate the yeast phase directly growing in the original clinical specimens.
Asunto(s)
Hongos/clasificación , Histoplasmosis/diagnóstico , Candida/aislamiento & purificación , Hongos/aislamiento & purificación , Histoplasma/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
An unusual case of a cutaneous collision tumor comprised of a squamous cell carcinoma and an apocrine carcinoma occurring in the auricle of an 82-year-old man is presented. Microscopic study confirmed 2 distinct tumors: a squamous cell carcinoma arising in the epidermis and an adjacent apocrine carcinoma. We discuss the diagnostic criteria and review pertinent recent literature. To our knowledge, this is the first English language report of such a collision tumor.
Asunto(s)
Glándulas Apocrinas , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Neoplasias del Oído/patología , Neoplasias Primarias Múltiples/patología , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Sudoríparas/patología , Anciano , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Neoplasias del Oído/cirugía , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Primarias Múltiples/cirugía , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Sudoríparas/cirugíaRESUMEN
Workup of a patient with lung cancer involves adrenal imaging for evaluation of metastatic disease. When nodules are detected, biopsy is often attempted to differentiate a primary neoplasm from metastatic carcinoma or other lesions, such as granuloma. CT-guided biopsy of the deep seated adrenal glands is technically difficult and material is often scanty. We present a case and review histologic features enabling the diagnosis of adrenal cortical carcinoma.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Corteza Suprarrenal/secundario , Carcinoma Adenoescamoso/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias de la Corteza Suprarrenal/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Corteza Suprarrenal/patología , Anciano , Biopsia , Carcinoma Adenoescamoso/diagnóstico , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Masculino , Metástasis de la NeoplasiaAsunto(s)
Hueso Nasal/diagnóstico por imagen , Hueso Nasal/patología , Neoplasias de Tejido Vascular/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de Tejido Vascular/patología , Neoplasias Nasales/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Nasales/patología , Anciano , Humanos , Masculino , Hueso Nasal/cirugía , Neoplasias de Tejido Vascular/cirugía , Neoplasias Nasales/cirugía , RadiografíaRESUMEN
Prostatic epithelial polyps, also known as adenomatous polyps or papillary adenomas with prostatic type epithelium, are uncommon lesions. These lesions typically involve the adult male urethra, trigone, or bladder dome. Diagnosis is usually made by biopsy. Presence of clusters of benign columnar cells in urine cytologic material can suggest the presence of such polyps and must be included in the differential diagnosis.