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Breast malignancy in men is an exceedingly rare condition, representing a small fraction of all diagnosed breast cancer cases. The most common histological subtype is invasive ductal carcinoma, while the mucinous type is extremely rare. This pathology has a high mortality rate due to its poor prognosis and diagnosis in advanced stages, often initially overlooked with limited screening. Surprisingly, more men have died from breast cancer than from testicular cancer. This report details a case of invasive mucinous carcinoma in a 75-year-old male who presented with a five-week history of chronic non-productive cough and signs of pleural effusion. A breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a retroareolar breast tumor, and a second-look ultrasound confirmed the presence of a BI-RADS 4C solid nodule. Histopathological and immunohistochemical results were confirmed by ultrasound-guided tru-cut biopsy, identifying invasive mucinous carcinoma and luminal B (HER2+) subtype. Staging studies were negative for metastasis, and a modified radical mastectomy was performed, yielding favorable intraoperative findings. The incidental diagnosis in this patient highlights the necessity of comprehensive imaging in atypical presentations. Despite its rarity, awareness and early detection of mucinous carcinoma are essential for optimizing patient outcomes. This case also underscores the disparity in breast cancer outcomes between low gross domestic product (GDP) and high-GDP countries, emphasizing the need for improved access to diagnostic and therapeutic resources. Enhanced clinical awareness and early detection are crucial for improving outcomes in patients with rare histological subtypes, particularly in underserved regions.

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Recent research on the use of physical mixtures In2O3-ZrO2 has raised interesting questions as to how their combination enhances catalytic activity and selectivity. Specifically, the relationship between oxygen diffusion and defect formation and the epitaxial tension in the mixture should be further investigated. In this study, we aim to clarify some of these relationships through a molecular dynamics approach. Various potentials for the two oxides are compared and selected to describe the physical mixture of In2O3 and ZrO2. Different configurations of each single crystal and their physical mixture are simulated, and oxygen defect formation and diffusion are measured and compared. Significant oxygen defect formation is found in both crystals. In2O3 seems to be stabilized by the mixture, while ZrO2 is destabilized. Similar results were found for the ZrO2 doping with In and ln2O3 doping with Zr. The results explain the high activity and selectivity catalyst activity of the mixture for the production of isobutylene from ethanol.

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Mitochondria are vital organelles in eukaryotic cells that control diverse physiological processes related to energy production, calcium homeostasis, the generation of reactive oxygen species, and cell death. Several studies have demonstrated that structural and functional mitochondrial disturbances are involved in the development of different neuroinflammatory (NI) and neurodegenerative (ND) diseases (NI&NDDs) such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Remarkably, counteracting mitochondrial impairment by genetic or pharmacologic treatment ameliorates neurodegeneration and clinical disability in animal models of these diseases. Therefore, the development of nanosystems enabling the sustained and selective delivery of mitochondria-targeted drugs is a novel and effective strategy to tackle NI&NDDs. In this review, we outline the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction associated with unbalanced mitochondrial dynamics, altered mitophagy, oxidative stress, energy deficit, and proteinopathies in NI&NDDs. In addition, we review different strategies for selective mitochondria-specific ligand targeting and discuss novel nanomaterials, nanozymes, and drug-loaded nanosystems developed to repair mitochondrial function and their therapeutic benefits protecting against oxidative stress, restoring cell energy production, preventing cell death, inhibiting protein aggregates, and improving motor and cognitive disability in cellular and animal models of different NI&NDDs.

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OBJECTIVE: The advancement of molecular techniques in an era in which high-throughput sequencing has revolutionized biology renders old-fashioned alternatives to high-throughput methods obsolete. Such advanced molecular techniques, however, are not yet accessible to economically disadvantaged region-based laboratories that still obtain DNA profiles using gel-based techniques. To explore whether cost-efficient techniques can produce results that are as robust as those obtained using high-throughput methods, we compared the performance of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)- and capillary electrophoresis (CE)-derived genomic data in estimating genetic diversity and inferring relatedness using 70 individuals of fine flounder (Paralichthys adspersus) selected from a hatchery population and genotyped for five microsatellite loci. RESULTS: Here, we show that PAGE- and CE-derived genomic datasets yield comparable genetic diversity levels regarding allelic diversity measures and heterozygosity. However, relatedness inferred from each dataset showed that the categorization of dyads in the different relationship categories strongly differed. This suggests that while scientists can reliably use PAGE-derived genomic data to estimate genetic diversity, they cannot use the same for parentage testing. The findings could help laboratories committed to population research not be discouraged from using the PAGE system if high-throughput technologies are unavailable and the method is adequate to address the biological question.

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The complete mitochondrial genome of the fine flounder Paralichthys adspersus, was determined for the first time through Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach. The mitogenome (GenBank accession no. MW288827) has 17,060 bp in length and consisted of the well-known 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and the control region. The overall nucleotide composition of the whole mitogenome was A: 27.5%, C: 29.5%, G: 17.1%, and T: 25.9%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 12 protein-coding genes clustered P. adspersus in the monophyletic Paralichthyidae clade, showing the closest phylogenetic relationship with its congeneric species P. olivaceus.

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Peru is one of the world's leading fishing nations and its seafood industry relies on the trade of a vast variety of aquatic resources, playing a key role in the country's socio-economic development. DNA barcoding has become of paramount importance for systematics, conservation, and seafood traceability, complementing or even surpassing conventional identification methods when target organisms show similar morphology during the early life stages, have recently diverged, or have undergone processing. Aiming to increase our knowledge of the species diversity available across the Peruvian supply chain (from fish landing sites to markets and restaurants), we applied full and mini-barcoding approaches targeting three mitochondrial genes (COI, 16S, and 12S) and the control region to identify samples purchased at retailers from six departments along the north-central Peruvian coast. DNA barcodes from 131 samples were assigned to 55 species (plus five genus-level taxa) comprising 47 families, 24 orders, and six classes including Actinopterygii (45.03%), Chondrichthyes (36.64%), Bivalvia (6.87%), Cephalopoda (6.11%), Malacostraca (3.82%), and Gastropoda (1.53%). The identified samples included commercially important pelagic (anchovy, bonito, dolphinfish) and demersal (hake, smooth-hound, Peruvian rock seabass, croaker) fish species. Our results unveiled the marketing of protected and threatened species such as whale shark, Atlantic white marlin, smooth hammerhead (some specimens collected during closed season), shortfin mako, and pelagic thresher sharks. A total of 35 samples (26.72%) were mislabeled, including tilapia labeled as wild marine fish, dolphinfish and hake labeled as grouper, and different shark species sold as "smooth-hounds". The present study highlights the necessity of implementing traceability and monitoring programs along the entire seafood supply chain using molecular tools to enhance sustainability efforts and ensure consumer choice.

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Salmonella enterica serotype Gallinarum is the causative agent of fowl typhoid, a disease characterized by high morbidity and mortality that causes major economic losses in poultry production. We have reported that S. Gallinarum harbors a type VI secretion system (T6SS) encoded in Salmonella pathogenicity island 19 (SPI-19) that is required for efficient colonization of chicks. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the SPI-19 T6SS functionality and to investigate the mechanisms behind the phenotypes previously observed in vivo. Expression analyses revealed that SPI-19 T6SS core components are expressed and produced under in vitro bacterial growth conditions. However, secretion of the structural/secreted components Hcp1, Hcp2, and VgrG to the culture medium could not be determined, suggesting that additional signals are required for T6SS-dependent secretion of these proteins. In vitro bacterial competition assays failed to demonstrate a role for SPI-19 T6SS in interbacterial killing. In contrast, cell culture experiments with murine and avian macrophages (RAW264.7 and HD11, respectively) revealed production of a green fluorescent protein-tagged version of VgrG soon after Salmonella uptake. Furthermore, infection of RAW264.7 and HD11 macrophages with deletion mutants of SPI-19 or strains with genes encoding specific T6SS core components (clpV and vgrG) revealed that SPI-19 T6SS contributes to S. Gallinarum survival within macrophages at 20 h postuptake. SPI-19 T6SS function was not linked to Salmonella-induced cytotoxicity or cell death of infected macrophages, as has been described for other T6SS. Our data indicate that SPI-19 T6SS corresponds to a novel tool used by Salmonella to survive within host cells.

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In Mexico City, drinking water is mainly produced from groundwater (70%). This practice has caused collateral problems such as Mexico City's soil sinking (5-30 cm/year). One of the most viable alternatives to palliate this problem is the treatment of wastewater for reuse in either irrigation or for groundwater artificial recharge. This paper presents the evaluation of two physicochemical pretreatment systems to treat the wastewater from the metropolitan area of the Mexican Valley that are conducted by two main sewage systems called Great Canal and Churubusco River. In this research two treatment processes were studied: 1) coagulation-flocculation and, 2) Fenton's reagent. For each one of these processes suggested, tests were performed with wastewater samples of the Great Canal and the Churubusco River mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1. In the case of the coagulation-flocculation process, additional experiments were performed to determine the optimal conditions by applying an experimental design technique. In this experimental design, six coagulant agents were considered (alum, ferric chloride, three coagulant reagents of polymeric kind with aluminium and a coagulant reagent of natural origin), and three flocculant agents (an anionic, a cationic, and a non ionic polymers). Concerning the application of the Fenton's reagent (Fe2+:H2O2), the experimental variables were the weight ratio of the ferrous iron and the hydrogen peroxide and the concentrations of these reagents. The pH value was controlled to be near to 4. For the best experimental conditions, the effluent of the Fenton's method showed similar physicochemical characteristics to the wastewater treated by coagulation-flocculation. Nevertheless, Fenton's reagent showed two very important advantages compared to the coagulation-flocculation process: a disinfecting effect and a lower production of residual sludges.

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Flower buds of peach (Prunus persica L.) trees, cv Novedad de Cordoba (Argentina), were collected near the end of the dormant period and immediately before anthesis. After removal of scale leaves, morphological observations of representative buds, made on transverse and longitudinal microtome sections, showed that all verticils making up the flower are present in an undifferentiated form during the dormant period (June). Flower buds collected at the end of dormant period (August) showed additional growth and differentiation, at which time formation of two ovules was beginning in the unicarpelar gynoecium. Dehiscence of anthers had not yet occurred 10 days before full bloom, and the ovules were still developing. Free endogenous gibberellin (GA)-like substances were quantified by bioassay (Tan-ginbozu dwarf rice microdrop) after SiO(2) partition column chromatography, reversed phase C18-high performance liquid chromatography, and finally Nucleosil [N(CH(3))(2)]high performance liquid chromatography. Bioactive fractions were then subjected to capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring (GC-MS-SIM). Gibberellins A(1), A(3), and A(8) were tentatively identified in peach flower buds using GC-SIM and Kovat's retention indices, and relative amounts approximated by GC-SIM (2:8:6 for GA(1), GA(3), and GA(8), respectively). The highest concentration (330 nanograms per gram dry weight) of free GA(1)/GA(3) was found in dormant buds (June) and diminished thereafter. The concentration free of GA(1)/GA(3) did not increase immediately prior to bud break. However, high GA(1)/GA(3) concentrations occurred during stages where rate of growth and cellular differentiation of (mainly fertile) verticils can be influenced.

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Se realiza un estudio de un caso de Acantosis Nigricans, con manifestaciones fundamentalmente bucales, consistentes en papilomatosis e hiperpigmentación. Se realiza una amplia revisión bibliográfica a la vez que se presenta un estudio de estas lesiones atendiendo a su clasificación. Las lesiones se confirman histopatológicamente(AU)

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