RESUMEN

Trichinella spiralis was long considered the sole Trichinella species in Argentina. However, since 2004, various Trichinella species, including the encapsulated Trichinella patagoniensis and Trichinella britovi, as well as the unencapsulated Trichinella pseudospiralis, have been detected in the country. The present study aimed to identify Trichinella ML at the species level from cougars naturally infected from Argentina. To this end, muscle tissue samples from one cougar each from Córdoba, Neuquén, and Santa Cruz Provinces were individually analysed using the artificial digestion technique. DNA extraction and molecular identification of Trichinella species were conducted on individual muscle larvae by PCR amplification of the ESV region and subsequent PCR amplification and sequencing of the COI gene. Morphological analysis revealed muscle larvae with characteristics consistent with Trichinella genus. PCR revealed a single band of approximately 127 bp for each individual muscle larva. PCR amplification of the COI gene from each isolate generated a 309 bp band. Sequencing of the mitochondrial COI gene confirmed the identity of the parasite as T. patagoniensis. The present study documents new occurrences of T. patagoniensis in Puma concolor from Argentina, including the first detection of T. patagoniensis in Puma concolor from Córdoba and Neuquén Province. These findings expand the limited knowledge of T. patagoniensis distribution in Argentina.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Surgical management of congenital heart disease (CHD) has increased worldwide, but healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) can threaten these efforts. AIM: To analyse the incidence of HAI, the impact of preventive interventions, and microbiological profiles in a paediatric cardiovascular surgery programme. METHODS: Cohort study including children aged <12 years with CHD who underwent cardiovascular surgery between 2010 and 2021 in Medellín, Colombia (a middle-income setting). Data were collected from medical and laboratory records and infection control programme databases. Impact of various preventive interventions was assessed using a Poisson model. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. FINDINGS: A total of 2512 surgeries were analysed. Incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) was 5.9%, followed by central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI; 4.7%), catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI; 2.2%), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP; 1.4%). Most of the strategies focused on preventing SSI, resulting in a reduction from 9.5% in 2010 to 3.0% in 2021 (P = 0.030). Antibiotic prophylaxis based on patient weight and continuous infusion had an impact on reducing SSI (RR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.32-0.99). Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) in clean wounds reduced 100% of infections. No significant risk reduction was observed for other HAI with the implemented interventions. CONCLUSION: Preventive strategies effectively reduced SSI but no other infections, emphasizing the need for targeted approaches to address a broader spectrum of HAI successfully.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Here we reported a case of primary sclerosing epitheloid fibrosarcoma (SEF) of the kidney, an extremely rare and aggressive tumor. The patient presented a mass in the upper part of the right kidney with pulmonary metastasis at the time of diagnosis, a right radical nephrectomy was performed, it was a solid tumor of 15 cm × 9 cm affecting almost the entire kidney. Histological study revealed a neoplasm of uniform epithelioid cells with scant cytoplasm with dense and sclerotic stroma. immunohistochemistry positive for MUC-4, detection by fusion of EWSR1-CREB3L1 by FISH positive.

RESUMEN

The study aimed to evaluate the insecticidal activity of extracts of edible mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes against Rhyssomatus nigerrimus. Methanol:water extracts (70:30) of P. ostreatus and L. edodes were made and evaluated in two in vitro tests (exposure and immersion toxic effect) against R. nigerrimus. Subsequently, the toxicity test of the extracts against Artemia salina was evaluated. These extracts were subjected to colorimetric tests and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed a mortality effect against R. nigerrimus of 50% for the P. ostreatus 2 extracts at a concentration of 20% in the immersion test. Likewise, in the toxic effect test, 90% mortality was observed after five days of exposure to a concentration of 10%. On the other hand, for the toxicity test, the extract that showed the values with the highest mortality against A. salina was P. ostreatus, starting with 80% mortality at 100µg/mL. The functional groups present in the extracts were saponins, coumarins, and alkaloids. Furthermore, the presence of more than 7 compounds in the mushroom extracts evaluated is reported. This study demonstrates the insecticidal activity of P. ostreatus and L. edodes fungal extracts and indicates the importance of using different in vitro tests to elucidate the mechanism of action for future studies.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Excessive use of insecticides has led to resistance of some pathogenic organisms (nematodes, bacteria and fungi), environmental contamination, and the presence of hazardous residues. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate synthetic metabolites derived from previous studies with edible mushrooms against the soybean weevil Rhyssomatus nigerrimus Fahraeus (Curculonidae) because of the relevance of pest control in an economically important crop. Furthermore, this is one of the first studies where edible fungal molecules are evaluated for the control of these insects. Initially, two in vitro tests (toxic effect and immersion) were evaluated against R. nigerrimus. In these tests, sensitivity and viability were determined in the 2% Tween control in water. For these two tests, the synthetic metabolites pentadecanoic acid (PNA), palmitic acid (PMA), stearic acid (STA), linoleic acid (LNA), ß-sitosterol (ßT) were evaluated individually as well as in combinations, "the fraction of standards (E1)". Based on the results obtained, the dip test was selected to evaluate the mixtures of two standards (1. PMA + ßT, 2. PMA + PNA, 3. PMA + LNA, 4. PMA + STA, 5. STA + ßT, 6. STA + PNA, 7. STA + LNA, 8. PNA + ßT, 9. PNA + LNA, 10. LNA + ßT), three (1. PNA + ßT + LNA, 2. PNA + ßT + STA, 3. STA + LNA + PNA and 4. STA + LNA + ßT) and four (PNA, ßT, LNA and STA). The results showed that the mixture of three standards caused a higher percentage of mortality relative to the control group: l. PNA + ßT + LNA and 2. PNA + ßT + STA with 54.44 and 48% mortality of R. nigerrimus insects exposed for 15 days. These results show the importance of evaluating mixtures of molecules against R. nigerrimus.

O uso excessivo de inseticidas levou à resistência de alguns organismos patogênicos (nematódeos, bactérias e fungos), à contaminação ambiental e à presença de resíduos perigosos. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a mortalidade de metabólitos sintéticos derivados de estudos anteriores com cogumelos comestíveis contra o gorgulho-da-soja Rhyssomatus nigerrimus Fahraeus (Curculonidae) por causa da relevância do controle de pragas em uma cultura economicamente importante. Além disso, este é um dos primeiros estudos em que as moléculas fúngicas comestíveis são avaliadas para o controle desses insetos. Inicialmente, dois testes in vitro (efeito tóxico e imersão) foram avaliados contra R. nigerrimus. Nesses testes, a sensibilidade e a viabilidade foram determinadas no controle de 2% de Tween na água. Para esses dois testes, os metabólitos sintéticos ­ ácido pentadecanoico (PNA), ácido palmítico (PMA), ácido esteárico (STA), ácido linoleico (LNA) e ß-sitosterol (ßT) ­ foram avaliados individualmente, bem como a combinação dos 5, "a fração de padrões (E1)". Com base nos resultados obtidos, o teste de imersão foi selecionado para avaliar as misturas de dois padrões (1. PMA + ßT, 2. PMA + PNA, 3. PMA + LNA, 4. PMA + STA, 5. STA + ßT, 6. STA + PNA, 7. STA + LNA, 8. PNA + ßT, 9. PNA + LNA, 10. LNA + ßT), três (1. PNA + ßT + LNA, 2. PNA + ßT + STA, 3. STA + LNA + PNA e 4. STA + LNA + ßT) e quatro (PNA, ßT, LNA e STA). Os resultados mostraram que a mistura de três padrões foi a com maior porcentagem de mortalidade em relação ao grupo controle, quais sejam, l. PNA + ßT + LNA e 2. PNA + ßT + STA, com 54,44% e 48% de mortalidade, respectivamente, em uma exposição de 15 dias contra R. nigerrimus. Estes resultados mostram a importância de avaliar as misturas entre moléculas contra R. nigerrimus.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: One of the major concerns with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) is the development of pulmonary fibrosis, for which no approved pharmacological treatment exists. Therefore, the primary aim of this open-label study was to evaluate the safety and the potential clinical efficacy of a prolonged-release pirfenidone formulation (PR-PFD) in patients having PASC-pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS: Patients with PASC-pulmonary fibrosis received PR-PFD 1800 mg/day (1200 mg in the morning after breakfast and 600 mg in the evening after dinner) for three months. Blood samples were taken to confirm the pharmacokinetics of PR-PFD, and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated monthly using a short questionnaire. Symptoms, dyspnea, and pulmonary function tests (spirometry, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, plethysmography, and 6-min walk test [6MWT]) were evaluated at baseline, and one and three months after having started the PR-PFD treatment. RESULTS: Seventy subjects with mild to moderate lung restriction were included. The most common AEs were diarrhea (23%), heartburn (23%), and headache (16%), for which no modifications in the drug study were needed. Two patients died within the first 30 days of enrolment, and three opted not to continue the study, events which were not associate with PR-PFD. Pulmonary function testing, 6MWT, dyspnea, symptoms, and CT scan significantly improved after three months of treatment with PR-PFD. CONCLUSION: In patients with PASC pulmonary fibrosis, three months' treatment with PR-PFD was safe and showed therapeutic efficacy. Still, it remains to be seen whether the pulmonary fibrotic process remains stable, becomes progressive or will improve.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Introduction and objectives: Although the ophthalmic manifestations appear to be associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is not enough evidence. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the various types and frequency of ophthalmic manifestations in patients recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection in Mexico. Material and methods: This retrospective, observational and descriptive study included all patients recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection attending the tertiary level hospital of Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) from June 2020 to June 2022. During the hospital admission of patients, the demographic data such age, name, gender was recorded. Ophthalmologic examination was performed under torchlight by an ophthalmologist in the Department of Ophthalmology from IMSS. Data was compiled and statistically analyzed using Fisher's exact test and Spearman correlation. Results: A total of 3,081 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients were recorded, of which 318 (10.32%) met the inclusion criteria. Of them, 21 (6.60%) had ophthalmic manifestations and the female-to-male ratio was 1.6:1. The mean age (±SD) was 47.95 ± 15.27 years and the median (interquartile range) time from the diagnosis of COVID-19, as defined by positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing, to detection of the ophthalmic manifestation was 31 (142) days. The most common ocular manifestation was orbital mucormycosis (23.80%). Interestingly, the presence of ophthalmic manifestations was not associated with severe COVID-19 (p = 0.665). Conclusions: The ophthalmic manifestations are infrequent in patients recovered from severe COVID-19. Nevertheless, further large sample studies are needed to confirm these findings.

RESUMEN

Bovine Trichomonosis (BT), a sexually transmitted disease endemic in countries with extensive cattle farming and natural service, is one of the most common causes of reproductive failure. 5-nitroimidazoles and their derivatives are used for its treatment, mainly metronidazole. The emergence of drug resistance mechanisms and treatment failures raise the need to investigate the effectiveness of new active compounds that contribute to parasite control. In this regard, extracts of Lantana camara (Verbenacea) have shown high biocidal potential against isolates of Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania braziliensis in vitro assays, although their effect on Tritrichomonas foetus has not been demonstrated yet. The available information on in vitro susceptibility of trichomonicidal drugs comes from the use of a diversity of methodologies and criteria, especially the observation of parasite motility under the optical microscope to assess their viability. Recently, in our laboratory, the use of flow cytometry has been described for the first time as a rapid and efficient method to evaluate the viability of T. foetus against metronidazole. The present study aimed to evaluate the cytostatic effect of L. camara extracts against T. foetus isolates by flow cytometry. Under aerobic conditions, IC50 values of 22.60 µg/mL were obtained on average. Under anaerobic conditions, the IC50 oscilated around 29.04 µg/mL. The results obtained allowed describing the susceptibility exhibited by these protozoa, being a valuable information for the development of potential BT treatments.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Although the ophthalmic manifestations appear to be associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is not enough evidence. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the various types and frequency of ophthalmic manifestations in patients recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection in Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective, observational and descriptive study included all patients recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection attending the tertiary level hospital of Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) from June 2020 to June 2022. During the hospital admission of patients, the demographic data such age, name, gender was recorded. Ophthalmologic examination was performed under torchlight by an ophthalmologist in the Department of Ophthalmology from IMSS. Data was compiled and statistically analyzed using Fisher's exact test and Spearman correlation. RESULTS: A total of 3081 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients were recorded, of which 318 (10.32%) met the inclusion criteria. Of them, 21 (6.60%) had ophthalmic manifestations and the female-to-male ratio was 1.6:1. The mean age (±SD) was 47.95±15.27 years and the median (interquartile range) time from the diagnosis of COVID-19, as defined by positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing, to detection of the ophthalmic manifestation was 31 (142) days. The most common ocular manifestation was orbital mucormycosis (23.80%). Interestingly, the presence of ophthalmic manifestations was not associated with severe COVID-19 (p=0.665). CONCLUSIONS: The ophthalmic manifestations are infrequent in patients recovered from severe COVID-19. Nevertheless, further large sample studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Introducción: recientemente, se ha evidenciado una tendencia hacia estilos de vida y hábitos alimentarios saludables y un incremento de productos orientados para tal fin. Entre ellos se incluyen alimentos para veganos/vegetarianos, "naturales", aquellos que destacan la ausencia de aditivos o ingredientes de tipo "alérgenos". Estos productos envasados suelen presentar leyendas y/o logos que los caracterizan. El objetivo fue realizar un relevamiento de logos, sellos, frases en los rótulos de alimentos comerciales y analizar la información encontrada según la legislación vigente en Argentina. Materiales y Métodos: se relevaron al azar 151 alimentos comerciales en supermercados, dietéticas y páginas web de empresas (agosto-octubre de 2022). Los productos relevados fueron: farináceos (PF), bebidas vegetales (BV), análogos de cárnicos (AC), análogos de quesos (AQ) y otros. Los atributos buscados fueron veganos/vegetarianos (VV), natural/artesanal (NA), ausencia de aditivos (AA), ausencia de lactosa (ALA), ausencia de alérgenos (AAE). Resultados: el atributo VV se observó en el 68% de los productos relevados y prevaleció en los AC, PF y BV. El atributo NA se observó en 23% de los alimentos, principalmente en AC y PF. Para AA, que se presentó en 75% de los alimentos, los PF se destacaron. Los atributos ALA y AAE aparecieron en el 17% de los alimentos. Las BV fueron la categoría que más presentó el atributo ALA. En ellas se observó una alta prevalencia de AA y ALA. En los AC, el atributo que se destacó fue VV (92%). Dentro de PF, la mayor prevalencia fue del atributo AA (96%), seguido por VV (57%). En el grupo AQ, prevaleció el atributo VV (89%). Conclusiones: se observó una alta presencia de atributos en los rótulos, que en su mayoría carecen de una normativa nacional vigente que los avale. Ello se contrapone a la demanda del mercado actual y a consumidores más exigentes

Introduction: recently, there has been a trend towards healthy lifestyles and eating habits; therefore, there is an increase in products oriented for this purpose. Among these products we can find foods for vegans/vegetarians, "natural" foods, those that emphasize the absence of additives or "allergenic" type ingredients. These packaged products usually have legends and/or logos that characterize them. The objective was to carry out a survey of logos, seals and phrases in labels of commercial foods and analyze the information found according to current legislation in Argentina. Materials and Methods: 151 commercial foods were randomly surveyed in supermarkets, dietetics and company websites (August-October 2022). The surveyed products were: farinaceous (FP), vegetable drinks (VD), meat analogues (MA). , cheese analogues (CA) and others. The attributes sought were vegan/vegetarian (VV), natural/artisanal (NA), absence of additives (AA), absence of lactose (ALA), absence of allergens (AAE). Results: the VV attribute was observed in 68% of surveyed products and prevailed in MA, FP and VD. The NA attribute was observed in 23% of the foods, mainly in MA and PF. For AA, which was present in 75% of the food products analyzed, the FPs stood out. In the case of ALA and AAE attributes, they appeared in 17% of the foods. VD was the category that presented the ALA attribute in the highest percentage. A high prevalence of AA and ALA was observed in them. In the MA, the attribute that stood out was VV (92%). Within FP, the highest prevalence was of the AA attribute (96%), followed by VV (57%). In the CA group, the VV attribute prevailed (89%). Conclusions: a large presence of attributes was observed in the labels, which mostly lack current national regulations that endorse them. This contrasts with the demands of the current market and with demanding consumers

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The clinical course of COVID-19 may show severe presentation, potentially involving dynamic cytokine storms and T cell lymphopenia, which are leading causes of death in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Plasma exchange therapy (PLEX) effectively removes pro-inflammatory factors, modulating and restoring innate and adaptive immune responses. This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the impact of PLEX on the survival of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 and the effect on the cytokine release syndrome. Hospitalized patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection and cytokine storm syndrome were selected to receive 2 sessions of PLEX or standard therapy. Primary outcome was all-cause 60-days mortality; secondary outcome was requirement of mechanical ventilation, SOFA, NEWs-2 scores modification, reduction of pro-inflammatory biomarkers and hospitalization time. Twenty patients received PLEX were compared against 40 patients receiving standard therapy. PLEX reduced 60-days mortality (50% vs 20%; OR 0.25, 95%CI 0.071-0.880; p = 0.029), and this effect was independent from demographic variables and drug therapies used. PLEX significantly decreased SOFA, NEWs-2, pro-inflammatory mediators and increased lymphocyte count, accompanied with a trend to reduce affected lung volume, without effect on SatO2/FiO2 indicator or mechanical ventilation requirement. PLEX therapy provided significant benefits of pro-inflammatory clearance and reduction of 60-days mortality in selected patients with COVID-19, without significant adverse events.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Excessive use of insecticides has led to resistance of some pathogenic organisms (nematodes, bacteria and fungi), environmental contamination, and the presence of hazardous residues. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate synthetic metabolites derived from previous studies with edible mushrooms against the soybean weevil Rhyssomatus nigerrimus Fahraeus (Curculonidae) because of the relevance of pest control in an economically important crop. Furthermore, this is one of the first studies where edible fungal molecules are evaluated for the control of these insects. Initially, two in vitro tests (toxic effect and immersion) were evaluated against R. nigerrimus. In these tests, sensitivity and viability were determined in the 2% Tween control in water. For these two tests, the synthetic metabolites pentadecanoic acid (PNA), palmitic acid (PMA), stearic acid (STA), linoleic acid (LNA), ß-sitosterol (ßT) were evaluated individually as well as in combinations, "the fraction of standards (E1)". Based on the results obtained, the dip test was selected to evaluate the mixtures of two standards (1. PMA + ßT, 2. PMA + PNA, 3. PMA + LNA, 4. PMA + STA, 5. STA + ßT, 6. STA + PNA, 7. STA + LNA, 8. PNA + ßT, 9. PNA + LNA, 10. LNA + ßT), three (1. PNA + ßT + LNA, 2. PNA + ßT + STA, 3. STA + LNA + PNA and 4. STA + LNA + ßT) and four (PNA, ßT, LNA and STA). The results showed that the mixture of three standards caused a higher percentage of mortality relative to the control group: l. PNA + ßT + LNA and 2. PNA + ßT + STA with 54.44 and 48% mortality of R. nigerrimus insects exposed for 15 days. These results show the importance of evaluating mixtures of molecules against R. nigerrimus.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Hunter syndrome, or mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II), is caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS), which is responsible for degrading heparan and dermatan sulfate. The IDS gene is located on chromosome Xq28; pathological variants in this gene mostly consist of missense mutations and small and larger deletions, which produce different phenotypes. However, there is only one record in our population concerning the molecular mechanism of this disease; a genotype-phenotype description is not available. PATIENTS AND METHODS: There were included 24 unrelated male patients; clinical features were recorded at a database, fluorometric IDS enzyme activity testing was done for each individual, followed by Sanger sequencing to identify mutations. RESULTS: The mutational spectrum was found in 16 out of 24 Mexican patients with MPS II, and its range of phenotypes was described. The most frequent variants were of the missense type. The most affected exons were exon 3 (c.275T>G, c.284_287del, c.325T>C), exon 8 (c.1035G>C, c.550G>A), exon 9 (c.1403G>C, c.1229_1229del), and exon 7 (c.979A>C; this variant has not been previously reported). Exon 5 (c.438C>T, a non-pathogenic variant) was the least frequent. It was also found that the most severely affected patients were those with large deletions (2 out of 24) [rsaIDS: IDSP1 (P164)x0, FMR1, AFF2 (P164)x2] involving genes and pseudogenes. We found 2 patients with a synonymous mutation in exon 4. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirmed reports in the literature, since the most frequent variants were reported in exons 3 and 8. However, this result varies from one previous report in our population, which mentions large deletions and rearrangements as the most frequent alterations, since complex rearrangements were not found. According to what has been previously found, the most severely affected patients are those in which a whole gene has been deleted.

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) is the vector of multiple arboviruses. To evaluate the association between environmental factors and the oviposition activity of Ae. aegypti in Argentina, data on the presence and abundance of eggs were collected using ovitraps, between September of 2018 and May of 2019, in the cities of Villa María, Río Cuarto and Salsipuedes (Córdoba province, Argentina). We analysed the relationships between oviposition and five environmental factors: Temperature, precipitation, vegetation cover, human population density and distance to sites with a potential high density of larval habitats, like cemeteries and trash dumps. Environmental factors' data were collected using satellite image products. The oviposition activity was randomly distributed in three cities. Using generalized linear mixed models, we show that the house where each ovitrap was placed was a source of variability in oviposition, suggesting the relevance of microsite factors and the importance of domestic control actions. Ae. aegypti oviposition was positively correlated with night-time temperature of the previous 3 weeks, and in a context-dependent manner, it was positively correlated with human population density, vegetation cover and precipitation. The consistency and magnitude of these relationships varied between cities, indicating that oviposition is related to a complex system of environmental variables.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Foreign body (FB) ingestion is a common problem in children under 5 years of age and is one of the main indications for endoscopy. The aim of the present study was to describe the clinical, radiographic, and endoscopic characteristics of patients with FB ingestion, as well as the factors associated with the anatomic location and the type of object ingested. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted on all patients with FB ingestion seen at the gastroenterology service from January 2013 to December 2018. The data were analyzed using the SPSS program, obtaining frequencies, percentages, medians, and interquartile ranges. Associations were assessed through the chi-square test. RESULTS: Eighty-five patients (52 males and 33 females) were included, with a median age of 4 years. The most common symptom was vomiting (29.4%). Two radiographic projections were carried out in 72.9% of the cases and the stomach was the site where the FB was most frequently visualized (32.9%). The objects most commonly ingested were coins (36%), with esophageal location (p<0.05), as well as objects with a diameter larger than 2cm (p<0.05). An endoscopic procedure was performed on 76 patients (89.4%) for FB extraction, with findings of erythema (28.9%), erosion (48.6%), ulcer (10.5%) and perforation (1.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Numerous factors should be taken into account in the approach to FB ingestion in pediatric patients, including type and size of the FB, time interval from ingestion to hospital arrival, and patient clinical status and age.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: There are different pathologies of the lumbar spine that condition a biomechanical and clinical instability for its treatment, various stabilization techniques have been carried out that try to preserve the movement and the transmission of load of the affected segment such as the interspinatus ligamentplasty with Dallos® fiber. OBJECTIVE: To show the biomechanical variations of functional segment of lumbar spine of pigs, before and after performing the discectomy and ligamentoplasty with Dallos® fiber. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The lumbar segment was mounted in a servo-hydraulic multiaxial simulator. Mobility ranges of flexion, extension, lateral flexion and axial rotations were simulated under three conditions: 1. Natural segment, 2. Discectomy segment, and 3. Disectomized segment plus ligamentoplasty with Dallos® fiber. The mobility ranges are made up to a torque of 7.5 N-m The data of the torques and mobility ranges was collected in the simulator program and the results of the biomechanical changes between the three conditions described were plotted. RESULTS: It was shown that lumbar biomechanics is affected after discectomy mainly in flexion and extension. In the left axial bending and rotation movements, an alteration of torque and mobility ranges was found. CONCLUSIONS: The ligamentoplasty recovers part of the stability lost after discectomy preserving part of the disc height without reaching to equalize the movements as in the natural segment. After discectomy the distribution of force suggests that residual instability with ligament plasty may represent facet overload.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Existen diferentes patologías de la columna lumbar que condicionan una inestabilidad biomecánica y clínica para su tratamiento, se han efectuado diversas técnicas de estabilización que tratan de preservar el movimiento y la transmisión de carga del segmento afecto como la ligamentoplastía interespinosa con fibra Dallos®. OBJETIVO: Mostrar las variaciones biomecánicas de segmento funcional de columna lumbar de porcino, antes y después de realizar la discetomía y ligamentoplastía con fibra Dallos®. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: El segmento lumbar se montó en un simulador multiaxial servo-hidráulico. Se simularon rangos de movilidad de flexión, extensión, flexiones laterales y rotaciones axiales en tres condiciones: 1) segmento natural; 2) segmento discectomizado; y 3) segmento disectomizado más ligamentoplastía con fibra Dallos®. Los rangos de movilidad se realizan hasta un torque de 7.5 N-m. La data de los torques y rangos de movilidad se recolectó en el programa del simulador y se graficaron los resultados de los cambios biomecánicos entre las tres condiciones descritas. RESULTADOS: Se demostró que la biomecánica lumbar es afectada después de la discectomía principalmente en la flexión y la extensión. En los movimientos de flexión y rotación axial izquierdas, se comprobó una alteración del torque y los rangos de movilidad. CONCLUSIONES: La ligamentoplastía recupera parte de la estabilidad perdida postdiscectomía, preservando parte de la altura discal sin llegar a igualar los movimientos como en el segmento natural. Posterior a la discectomía, la distribución de la fuerza sugiere que la inestabilidad residual con ligamento plastía puede representar sobrecarga facetaria.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) index was developed for estimating of the 10-year risk of major or hip osteoporotic fracture. To date, there is insufficient information regarding the correlation between FRAX and serum bone turnover markers (BTMs), such as soluble ligand of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (sRANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and other molecules related with secondary osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing the correlation between the FRAX and serum levels of sRANKL, OPG, sRANKL/OPG ratio, Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), and sclerostin (SOST) in RA. METHODS: Cross-sectional study included 156 postmenopausal women with RA. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at lumbar spine (L1-L4) and total hip using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). RA patients were divided into (A) RA + osteoporosis and (B) RA without osteoporosis. FRAX scores were calculated including the total hip BMD. Serum sRANKL, OPG, DKK-1, and SOST levels were measured by ELISA. Pearson tests were used for assessing the correlation between serum levels of these molecules and FRAX scores in RA. RESULTS: The RA + osteoporosis group had elevated sRANKL levels (p = 0.005), higher sRANKL/OPG ratio (p = 0.017), decreased DKK-1 (p = 0.028), and lower SOST levels (p < 0.001). Low total hip BMD correlated with high sRANKL (p = 0.001) and sRANKL/OPG ratio (p = 0.005). Total hip and lumbar spine BMD correlated with DKK-1 (p = 0.009 and p = 0.05, respectively) and SOST levels (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Higher sRANKL levels and sRANKL/OPG ratio correlated with estimated 10-year risk of a major osteoporotic fractures (p = 0.003 and p = 0.003, respectively) and hip fracture (p = 0.002 and p = 0.006, respectively). High serum SOST levels were associated with a low estimated 10-year risk of a major osteoporotic fracture (p = 0.003) and hip fracture (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: High sRANKL levels and sRANKL/OPG ratio can be useful to detect a subgroup of RA patients who has an increased 10-year risk of major and hip osteoporotic fractures.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The present study analyzed the volatile compounds emitted by Glycine max (cv. FT-Cristalina-RCH) soybean plants: healthy plants and plants damaged mechanically or by the Mexican soybean weevil Rhyssomatus nigerrimus. The SPME method was used to compare the volatile profile of soybean plants in four different conditions. The volatile profile of G. max plants infested by R. nigerrimus was qualitatively and quantitatively different from that of healthy and mechanically damaged plants. Emission of 59 compounds was detected in the four treatments. Of these compounds, 19 were identified by comparison of the Kovats index, mass spectrum and retention times with those of synthetic standards. An increase in concentration of the volatiles (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and the compound 1-octen-3-ol was observed when the soybean plants were mechanically damaged. The compounds mostly produced by the soybean plant during infestation by male and female R. nigerrimus were 1-octen-3-ol, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, (E)-beta-ocimene, salicylaldehyde, unknown 10, linalool, methyl salicylate, (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate (ester 5), ketone 2 and geranyl acetone. Behavioral effects of the identified compounds during the insect-plant interaction and their conspecifics are discussed.(AU)

O presente estudo analisou os compostos voláteis emitidos pelas plantas de soja Glycine max (cv. FT-Cristalina-RCH): plantas e plantas sadias danificadas mecanicamente ou pelo gorgulho da soja mexicana Rhyssomatus nigerrimus. O método SPME foi utilizado para comparar o perfil volátil de plantas de soja em quatro diferentes condições. O perfil volátil das plantas de G. max infestadas por R. nigerrimus foi qualitativa e quantitativamente diferente do das plantas saudáveis e danificadas mecanicamente. Foi detectada, nos quatro tratamentos, emissão de 59 compostos, dos quais 19 foram identificados por comparação do índice de Kovats, espectro de massa e tempos de retenção com aqueles de padrões sintéticos. Um aumento na concentração dos voláteis acetato de (Z)-3-hexil e do composto 1-octeno-3-ol foi observado quando as plantas de soja foram mecanicamente danificadas. Os compostos produzidos principalmente pela planta de soja durante a infestação por R. nigerrimus macho e fêmea foram 1-octeno-3-ol, 6-metil-5-hepteno-2-ona, (E)-beta-ocimeno, salicilaldeído, desconhecido 10, linalol, salicilato de metila, acetato de (Z)-8-dodecenila (éster 5), cetona 2 e geranil acetona. Foram discutidos os efeitos comportamentais dos compostos identificados durante a interação inseto-planta e seus coespecíficos.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Abstract The present study analyzed the volatile compounds emitted by Glycine max (cv. FT-Cristalina-RCH) soybean plants: healthy plants and plants damaged mechanically or by the Mexican soybean weevil Rhyssomatus nigerrimus. The SPME method was used to compare the volatile profile of soybean plants in four different conditions. The volatile profile of G. max plants infested by R. nigerrimus was qualitatively and quantitatively different from that of healthy and mechanically damaged plants. Emission of 59 compounds was detected in the four treatments. Of these compounds, 19 were identified by comparison of the Kovats index, mass spectrum and retention times with those of synthetic standards. An increase in concentration of the volatiles (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and the compound 1-octen-3-ol was observed when the soybean plants were mechanically damaged. The compounds mostly produced by the soybean plant during infestation by male and female R. nigerrimus were 1-octen-3-ol, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, (E)-β-ocimene, salicylaldehyde, unknown 10, linalool, methyl salicylate, (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate (ester 5), ketone 2 and geranyl acetone. Behavioral effects of the identified compounds during the insect-plant interaction and their conspecifics are discussed.

Resumo O presente estudo analisou os compostos voláteis emitidos pelas plantas de soja Glycine max (cv. FT-Cristalina-RCH): plantas e plantas sadias danificadas mecanicamente ou pelo gorgulho da soja mexicana Rhyssomatus nigerrimus. O método SPME foi utilizado para comparar o perfil volátil de plantas de soja em quatro diferentes condições. O perfil volátil das plantas de G. max infestadas por R. nigerrimus foi qualitativa e quantitativamente diferente do das plantas saudáveis e danificadas mecanicamente. Foi detectada, nos quatro tratamentos, emissão de 59 compostos, dos quais 19 foram identificados por comparação do índice de Kovats, espectro de massa e tempos de retenção com aqueles de padrões sintéticos. Um aumento na concentração dos voláteis acetato de (Z)-3-hexil e do composto 1-octeno-3-ol foi observado quando as plantas de soja foram mecanicamente danificadas. Os compostos produzidos principalmente pela planta de soja durante a infestação por R. nigerrimus macho e fêmea foram 1-octeno-3-ol, 6-metil-5-hepteno-2-ona, (E)-β-ocimeno, salicilaldeído, desconhecido 10, linalol, salicilato de metila, acetato de (Z)-8-dodecenila (éster 5), cetona 2 e geranil acetona. Foram discutidos os efeitos comportamentais dos compostos identificados durante a interação inseto-planta e seus coespecíficos.

Asunto(s)