RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is the tumor with the highest incidence among men and one of Chile's leading causes of death. AIM: To analyze temporal trends in prostate cancer mortality in Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Mortality rates in Chile for the period between 1955 and 2019 were calculated. The number of deaths was obtained from the national demographic yearbooks and the Ministery of Health mortality registries. Population estimates from the demographic center of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean of the United Nations were used. Chilean census population of 2017 was used as reference to calculate adjusted rates. Trends were analyzed using a join point regression. RESULTS: Crude mortality rates of prostatic cancer increased between 1995 and 2012 in three different phases, namely between 1955 and 1989 with a 2.7% annual increase, between 1989 and 1996 at a 6.8% annual rate, and between 1996 to 2012 with a 2.8% annual increase. From 2012 the rate remained stable. Adjusted mortality rates increased slowly at a 1.7% rate from 1955 to 1993, accelerating between 1993 and 1996, when they increased 12.1% per year. From 1996 onwards there was a significant decrease in mortality at a 1.2% annual rate. This decrease was significant and observed within all age groups but more importantly at older ages. CONCLUSIONS: Prostate cancer mortality in Chile has decreased significantly during the last two decades, like that observed in developed nations.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Chile/epidemiología , Incidencia , Mortalidad , América LatinaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is the tumor with the highest incidence among men and one of Chile's leading causes of death. AIM: To analyze temporal trends in prostate cancer mortality in Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Mortality rates in Chile for the period between 1955 and 2019 were calculated. The number of deaths was obtained from the national demographic yearbooks and the Ministery of Health mortality registries. Population estimates from the demographic center of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean of the United Nations were used. Chilean census population of 2017 was used as reference to calculate adjusted rates. Trends were analyzed using a join point regression. RESULTS: Crude mortality rates of prostatic cancer increased between 1995 and 2012 in three different phases, namely between 1955 and 1989 with a 2.7% annual increase, between 1989 and 1996 at a 6.8% annual rate, and between 1996 to 2012 with a 2.8% annual increase. From 2012 the rate remained stable. Adjusted mortality rates increased slowly at a 1.7% rate from 1955 to 1993, accelerating between 1993 and 1996, when they increased 12.1% per year. From 1996 onwards there was a significant decrease in mortality at a 1.2% annual rate. This decrease was significant and observed within all age groups but more importantly at older ages. CONCLUSIONS: Prostate cancer mortality in Chile has decreased significantly during the last two decades, like that observed in developed nations.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Chile/epidemiología , América Latina , Incidencia , MortalidadRESUMEN
PURPOSE: In this study we assessed bladder cancer health care and mortality trends in recent decades in a well studied arsenic exposed area in Northern Chile. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Arsenic levels in the affected region were obtained for the last 60 years, and correlated with bladder cancer hospital discharge and mortality rates in recent decades. RESULTS: Bladder cancer hospital discharge rates were significantly higher in the affected region (peak RR 3.6, 95% CI 3.0-4.7). Mortality rates for bladder cancer showed a trend of increase during the period analyzed, reaching peak mortality rates of 28.4 per 100,000 for men and 18.7 per 100,000 for women in the last 10 years. Poisson regression models showed an increased mortality risk in the studied region compared to the rest of the country until the present for men (IRR 5.3, 95% CI 4.8-5.8) and women (IRR 7.8, 95% CI 7.0-8.7). Mean age at cancer specific death was significantly lower in the exposed region (69.6 years, 95% CI 68.4-70.7 vs 73.7 years, 95% CI 73.3-74.2, p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to arsenic is related to a significant need for bladder cancer health care and to high mortality rates even 20 years after having controlled arsenic levels in drinking water. Affected individuals should be aware of the significant impact of this ecological factor. Further research is required to identify strategies for the management of bladder cancer in arsenic exposed populations.