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BACKGROUND: The role of Platelet-rich Plasma injections as a complementary therapy, together with other minimally invasive procedures, has been analyzed previously, however, there are no articles that evaluate the effects of intra-articular infiltration in the Temporomandibular Joint by itself. The aim of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of intra-articular infiltration with Platelet-rich Plasma, as a single procedure, to both reduce pain and improve clinical parameters in painful joint disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic search was performed using the terms "Temporomandibular Joint Disorders" and "Platelet-rich plasma" in May 2021. Only the Clinical Trials found in the Pubmed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library/Cochrane CENTRAL, Google Scholar, and LILACS databases were selected. RESULTS: Only four articles were selected for full-text review. Statistically significant differences were found in pain reduction Platelet-rich Plasma-based interventions with respect to preoperative measurements up to six months. Only two studies found significant intergroup differences favoring Platelet-rich Plasma over other interventions. In relation to maximum mouth opening, three studies reported an increase compared to the preoperative measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Platelet-rich Plasma might potentially be effective in reducing pain levels and improving clinical parameters such as interincisal distance. However, studies with better methodological quality, larger sample sizes, and lower risk of bias are required to assess the real value of this intervention in the management of painful joint disorders.

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During their long evolutionary history, jellyfish have faced changes in multiple environmental factors, to which they may selectively fix adaptations, allowing some species to survive and inhabit diverse environments. Previous findings have confirmed the jellyfish's ability to synthesize large ATP amounts, mainly produced by mitochondria, in response to environmental challenges. This study characterized the respiratory chain from the mitochondria of the jellyfish Stomolophus sp2 (previously misidentified as Stomolophus meleagris). The in-gel activity from isolated jellyfish mitochondria confirmed that the mitochondrial respiratory chain contains the four canonical complexes I to IV and F0F1-ATP synthase. Specific additional activity bands, immunodetection, and mass spectrometry identification confirmed the occurrence of four alternative enzymes integrated into a branched mitochondrial respiratory chain of Stomolophus sp2: an alternative oxidase and three dehydrogenases (two NADH type II enzymes and a mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase). The analysis of each transcript sequence, their phylogenetic relationships, and each protein's predicted models confirmed the mitochondrial alternative enzymes' identity and specific characteristics. Although no statistical differences were found among the mean values of transcript abundance of each enzyme in the transcriptomes of jellyfish exposed to three different temperatures, it was confirmed that each gene was expressed at all tested conditions. These first-time reported enzymes in cnidarians suggest the adaptative ability of jellyfish's mitochondria to display rapid metabolic responses, as previously described, to maintain energetic homeostasis and face temperature variations due to climate change.

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BACKGROUND: Chitosan is a cheap, accessible, nontoxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable compound. Also, this polysaccharide possesses antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Consequently, a wide range of chitosan applications in the dentistry field has been explored. This work aimed to conduct a systematic review to address the clinical efficacy of chitosan for the treatment of oral mucositis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The design of the included studies were observational studies, randomized clinical trials (RCT), and non-randomized clinical trials (non-RCT), whereas, a series of cases, in vivo, and in vitro studies were excluded. The search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source, and ClinicalTrials. Gray literature was searched at Google Scholar. Relevant data from all included studies were recorded. The risk of bias (using RoB 2) and the quality (using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation, GRADE) assessments were carried out. RESULTS: From the 8413 records screened, 5 clinical trials fully met the eligibility criteria, which comprised a total of 192 participants suffering oral lesions and pain related to oral mucositis. 100% of the included studies exhibited a high risk of bias. The quality of the studies was between low and very low. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the included studies suggest that chitosan can diminish pain and improve the healing of ulcers in oral mucositis. However, there is no conclusive evidence of chitosan as a superior treatment for oral mucositis compared with other current therapies.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors associated with prolonged hospital-stay after appendectomy in SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective observational cohort study included 420 patients after surgery for acute appendicitis between March 2019 and March 2020, April 2020 and April 2021. There were 336 patients before the SARS-COV-2 pandemic, and 84 ones underwent surgery during the pandemic. RESULTS: Incidence of prolonged hospital stay was 15% and 26%, respectively (RR 1.76). RR is more than 1 and assumes SARS-CoV-2 infection as a risk factor. CONCLUSION: There is an association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and prolonged hospital-stay after surgery for acute appendicitis (RR 1.76).

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Background: DRESS syndrome (Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) is an idiosyncratic reaction characterized by peripheral eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: fever, exanthema, lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, atypical lymphocytes and elevated liver enzymes. The incidence is 1 per 10,000 exposures, mortality 10-20%. Treatment is based on suspension of the suspected drug and steroids. Case report: A 42-year-old male with the following important antecedents. AHF: mother and father with Diabetes Mellitus type 2. APP: Arterial Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus type 2, and bee sting allergy. Current Condition: He started 8 days after ingestion of hydroxychloroquine for probable SARS-COV-2 infection, with headache, facial and neck edema, desquamative dermatosis on trunk and upper extremities, went to private clinic with torpid evolution sent to third level for increased facial and neck edema, which merited orotracheal intubation, management with intravenous steroids and antihistamines. Labs on admission: Leukocytes 20090, platelets 322 thousand, eosinophilia (5%), elevated liver enzymes and acute kidney injury, fulfilling J-SCAR criteria. The patient was discharged due to adequate evolution with follow-up by Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the patient persists with desquamative lesions after 4 weeks and normalization of laboratory parameters. Conclusions: DRESS is a delayed adverse reaction. It is important the diagnostic presumption and the causal relationship with the drugs due to the high mortality rate.

Antecedentes: El síndrome DRESS (Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) es una reacción idiosincrática, se caracteriza por eosinofilia perifé- rica y síntomas sistémicos: fiebre, exantema, linfadenopatía, hepatitis, linfocitos atípicos y elevación de enzimas hepáticas. La incidencia es de 1 por cada 10,000 exposiciones, mortalidad de 10 a 20%. El tratamiento se basa en la suspensión del fármaco sospechoso y en la aplicación de esteroides. Reporte de caso: Masculino de 42 años con los siguientes antecedentes de importancia. AHF: madre y padre con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. APP: Hipertensión Arterial, Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, y alergia a picadura de abeja. Padecimiento Actual: Lo inicia posterior a 8 días tras la ingesta de hidroxicloroquina por probable infección por SARS-COV-2, con cefalea, edema facial y de cuello, dermatosis descamativa en tronco y extremidades superiores, acude a clínica particular con evolución tórpida enviado a tercer nivel por aumento de edema facial y cuello, que amerito intubación orotraqueal, manejo con esteroides intravenosos y anti- histamínicos. Laboratorios a su ingreso: Leucocitos 20090, plaquetas 322 mil, eosinofilia (5%), elevación de enzimas hepáticas y lesión renal aguda, cumpliendo criterios J-SCAR. Se egresa por adecuada evolución con seguimiento por Alergia e Inmunología Clínica, el paciente persiste con lesiones descamativas posterior a 4 semanas y normalización de parámetros de laboratorios. Conclusión: DRESS es una reacción adversa retardada. Es importante la presunción diagnóstica y la relación causal con los fármacos por la alta tasa de morta- lidad.

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PURPOSE: To determine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on use of toothpaste in Peruvian children. METHODS: A national database of Peruvian children from 0 to 11 years old was used to develop a cross-sectional study, with a final sample of 51, 013 subjects. Data were obtained of results of the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES); the questionnaire was self-reported. The use of toothpaste and fluoride concentration in toothpaste were dependent variables, and for the independent variable, the year was considered; in addition, other covariates were included. The statistical analyses applied were descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate tests. RESULTS: Use of toothpaste was 98.99% (n = 50,134), while fluoride toothpaste with < 1000 ppm was used by 77.29% (n = 27,366). For bivariate analysis, use of toothpaste was associated with place and area of residence, altitude, natural region, and age; for use of fluoride toothpaste with minimum 1000 ppm, there was an association with place and area of residence, natural region, wealth index, and age. In a multivariate manner, year only presented a positive association with use of fluoride toothpaste < 1000 ppm (RPa:1.04; 95%CI 1.01-1.07). CONCLUSIONS: Year 2020 of COVID-19 pandemic had a positive impact on the use of < 1000 ppm fluoride toothpaste in Peruvian children.

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Resumen: Introducción: la luxofractura glenohumeral posterior (LFGHP) es una lesión poco frecuente. Puede ser secundaria a una crisis convulsiva, casos de electrocución, o por traumatismo directo. Su diagnóstico suele ser tardío, lo que aumenta la tasa de complicaciones y secuelas. Caso clínico: paciente de sexo masculino de 52 años, trasladado a centro de alta complejidad por convulsión tónico-clónica y LFGHP derecha. En el estudio inicial con radiografías se confirma lesión de hombro derecho y se diagnostica luxación glenohumeral posterior simple de hombro izquierdo no pesquisada previamente. Se complementa estudio con tomografía computarizada (TC) de ambos hombros, observándose una LFGHP bilateral, lo que demuestra agravamiento intrahospitalario de la lesión del hombro izquierdo. Se realiza reducción abierta y osteosíntesis con placa bloqueada bilateral en un tiempo. El hombro izquierdo requirió dos reintervenciones, una por falla de osteosíntesis y otra para liberación articular. Dos años después del procedimiento el paciente evoluciona satisfactoriamente con 5% en la escala Quick DASH y un puntaje de 72 y 76 en la escala de Constant en el hombro derecho e izquierdo, respectivamente. Conclusión: la LFGHP es una lesión poco frecuente que requiere un alto índice de sospecha para evitar el retraso diagnóstico y la aparición de secuelas. En casos de convulsión se debe sospechar compromiso bilateral. Con un tratamiento quirúrgico oportuno se pueden obtener resultados satisfactorios y reintegración del paciente a sus actividades habituales.

Abstract: Introduction: posterior glenohumeral fracture dislocation (PGHFD) is a rare injury. It may present secondary to a seizure, electrocution or due to direct trauma. It is usually missed, and late diagnosis is common which increases the rate of complications and sequalae. Case report: 52 year old male, transferred to a reference trauma center due to a tonic-clonic seizure and a right PGHFD. Upon admission radiographs are requested and right shoulder injury is confirmed. Additionally, a simple left posterior glenohumeral dislocation (that was missed in the initial assessment of the patient) is observed. A computed tomography (CT) scan is obtained for both shoulders to plan surgery. The CT scan showed a bilateral PGHFD with severe comminution in the left shoulder, showing considerable worsening of the left shoulder since admission. Open reduction and bilateral locked plate osteosynthesis were performed in a one stage surgery. At two years follow up the patient evolved favorably with a Quick DASH score of 5% and a CONSTANT score of 72 and 76 for his right and left shoulder, respectively. Conclusion: PGHFD is an infrequent injury, which requires a high level of suspicion to avoid diagnostic delay and prevent complications and sequelae. Bilateral cases may be seen in cases of seizure. With prompt surgical treatment, satisfactory results can be achieved with a complete return to normal activities.

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Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) is thought to increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Several studies have shown that ApoE4-Amyloid ß (Aß) interactions can increment amyloid depositions in the brain and that this can be augmented at low pH values. On the other hand, experimental studies in transgenic mouse models have shown that treatment with enoxaparin significantly reduces cortical Aß levels, as well as decreases the number of activated astrocytes around Aß plaques. However, the interactions between enoxaparin and the ApoE4-Aß proteins have been poorly explored. In this work, we combine molecular dynamics simulations, molecular docking, and binding free energy calculations to elucidate the molecular properties of the ApoE4-Aß interactions and the competitive binding affinity of the enoxaparin on the ApoE4 binding sites. In addition, we investigated the effect of the environmental pH levels on those interactions. Our results showed that under different pH conditions, the closed form of the ApoE4 protein, in which the C-terminal domain folds into the protein, remains stabilized by a network of hydrogen bonds. This closed conformation allowed the generation of six different ApoE4-Aß interaction sites, which were energetically favorable. Systems at pH5 and 6 showed the highest energetic affinity. The enoxaparin molecule was found to have a strong energetic affinity for ApoE4-interacting sites and thus can neutralize or disrupt ApoE4-Aß complex formation.

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INTRODUCTION: posterior glenohumeral fracture dislocation (PGHFD) is a rare injury. It may present secondary to a seizure, electrocution or due to direct trauma. It is usually missed, and late diagnosis is common which increases the rate of complications and sequalae. CASE REPORT: 52 year old male, transferred to a reference trauma center due to a tonic-clonic seizure and a right PGHFD. Upon admission radiographs are requested and right shoulder injury is confirmed. Additionally, a simple left posterior glenohumeral dislocation (that was missed in the initial assessment of the patient) is observed. A computed tomography (CT) scan is obtained for both shoulders to plan surgery. The CT scan showed a bilateral PGHFD with severe comminution in the left shoulder, showing considerable worsening of the left shoulder since admission. Open reduction and bilateral locked plate osteosynthesis were performed in a one stage surgery. At two years follow up the patient evolved favorably with a Quick DASH score of 5% and a CONSTANT score of 72 and 76 for his right and left shoulder, respectively. CONCLUSION: PGHFD is an infrequent injury, which requires a high level of suspicion to avoid diagnostic delay and prevent complications and sequelae. Bilateral cases may be seen in cases of seizure. With prompt surgical treatment, satisfactory results can be achieved with a complete return to normal activities.

INTRODUCCIÓN: la luxofractura glenohumeral posterior (LFGHP) es una lesión poco frecuente. Puede ser secundaria a una crisis convulsiva, casos de electrocución, o por traumatismo directo. Su diagnóstico suele ser tardío, lo que aumenta la tasa de complicaciones y secuelas. CASO CLÍNICO: paciente de sexo masculino de 52 años, trasladado a centro de alta complejidad por convulsión tónico-clónica y LFGHP derecha. En el estudio inicial con radiografías se confirma lesión de hombro derecho y se diagnostica luxación glenohumeral posterior simple de hombro izquierdo no pesquisada previamente. Se complementa estudio con tomografía computarizada (TC) de ambos hombros, observándose una LFGHP bilateral, lo que demuestra agravamiento intrahospitalario de la lesión del hombro izquierdo. Se realiza reducción abierta y osteosíntesis con placa bloqueada bilateral en un tiempo. El hombro izquierdo requirió dos reintervenciones, una por falla de osteosíntesis y otra para liberación articular. Dos años después del procedimiento el paciente evoluciona satisfactoriamente con 5% en la escala Quick DASH y un puntaje de 72 y 76 en la escala de Constant en el hombro derecho e izquierdo, respectivamente. CONCLUSIÓN: la LFGHP es una lesión poco frecuente que requiere un alto índice de sospecha para evitar el retraso diagnóstico y la aparición de secuelas. En casos de convulsión se debe sospechar compromiso bilateral. Con un tratamiento quirúrgico oportuno se pueden obtener resultados satisfactorios y reintegración del paciente a sus actividades habituales.

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An important accessory anatomical variation, exclusively human, and related to the muscular ventres of the flexor pollicis longus and flexor digitorum profundus is frequently denominated Gantzer. These variations have close relations with the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN), which provides, for many authors, by direct compression, one of the rare neuropathic syndromes. In this work, thirty-four forearms were dissected from the collections of the Medical School of the Federal University of Minas Gerais and the Department of Basic Sciences of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, with a prevalence of 50% of the 34 forearms studied for the Gantzer muscle. The muscle relationship was mainly with the flexor pollicis longus muscle and only one occurrence related to the flexor digitorum profundus muscle, described as a rare occurrence of unilateral double formation of Gantzer muscle. Bilaterality was observed in 88.23% of the findings and the dominant innervation for this muscle variation occurred in 82.35% by the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN). The type morphological in all forms found was the fusiform, with 10.5cm of total length and an average of 0.3cm in diameter and all related, as origin, in the medial aspect of the coronoid process of the ulna, next to the origin of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle. Our work largely reflected the findings of most publications and, considering the controversy of the occurrence of a compressive neuropathy, the data were not sufficient, from a strictly anatomical point of view, to confirm or refute the hypothesis.

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BACKGROUND: Germline BRCA (gBRCA) mutations predispose to an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer among other neoplasms. Recently, several genomic alterations such as ALK and ROS-1 rearrangements have been described as molecular drivers of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The association of gBRCA mutations and VTE is unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed an observational, retrospective, single-center study to determine the VTE incidence in consecutive patients with gBRCA mutations and cancer diagnosis attended in the multidisciplinary heredofamiliar cancer unit (HFCU) of Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain, from 2010 to 2019. RESULTS: One-hundred and forty-one patients were included in the analysis. The overall VTE incidence was 12.8%. The highest incidence was reported in ovarian cancer patients (20.0%), followed by patients with both ovarian and breast cancers (16.6%) and the lowest was found in breast cancer (4.9%). No difference in the type of gBRCA mutation (1 or 2) in terms of VTE rate was observed. Sixty one percent of the patients were receiving anti-cancer therapy at the time of VTE diagnosis and the majority of the events (83.3%) were diagnosed in ambulatory setting. Khorana score was of limited value to detect high-risk patients. CONCLUSIONS: The VTE incidence observed in our study is consistent with prior data described in general population of breast and ovarian cancer. The risk of VTE in these patients seems to be driven by the type of cancer. We have not observed any significant interaction of gBRCA mutation status and cancer-associated thrombosis.

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INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Percutaneous liver biopsy with histopathologic analysis is a valuable tool for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment evaluation of liver diseases. Its ultrasound-guided performance is useful, making the procedure safer and reducing the risk for complications and hospital stay. Our aim was to describe the indications, histopathologic study, and complications associated with the performance of ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver biopsy in pediatric patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 102 ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver biopsies performed on patients <16 years of age, within the time frame of January 2014 and December 2019. The information was obtained from electronic files and histopathologic studies and the data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. RESULTS: A total of 102 procedures were carried out on 99 patients. Mean patient age was 72 months and 58.8% of the patients were female. Over 65% of the indications for liver biopsy included autoimmune hepatitis (23.5%), elevated liver enzymes (21.5%), and chronic liver disease (20.5%). Four patients presented with immediate complications (3.9%), three of which were major (2.9%), concurring with that reported in the international literature. CONCLUSIONS: Our study corroborates the importance of ultrasound-guided liver biopsy in the diagnosis and follow-up of pediatric patients. The procedure also had a low complication rate of only 3.9%.

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Bone metastases from a primary cancer of any part of the body are the most common form of malignant bone tumor constituting approximately 70% of them. The proximal femur being the most common extra-vertebral location for its location; 10% of patients have some pathological fracture, which is a serious complication. Currently the objectives of the treatment of a pathological fracture are: resection with adequate oncological margins, that the patient survives the surgical intervention, maintain the functionality, that the placed implant has a longer life time than the patient. The use of non-conventional hip prostheses is an excellent treatment option fulfilling the 4 established objectives, therefore this case is presented in which a right bipolar hip hemiarthroplasty is performed with a non-conventional prosthesis where it was treated with a described complication and the surgery of resolution.

Las metástasis óseas de un cáncer primario de cualquier parte del cuerpo son la forma más común de tumor óseo maligno constituyendo aproximadamente 70% de ellos. Siendo el fémur proximal la localización extravertebral más común para su localización; 10% de los pacientes presentan alguna fractura patológica, lo que es una grave complicación. En la actualidad, los objetivos del tratamiento de una fractura patológica son: resección con márgenes oncológicos adecuados, que el paciente sobreviva la intervención quirúrgica, mantener la funcionalidad, que el implante colocado tenga un tiempo de vida más largo que el del paciente. El uso de prótesis de cadera no convencionales es una excelente opción de tratamiento cumpliendo los cuatro objetivos establecidos, por ello se presenta este caso en el que se realiza una hemiartroplastía de cadera derecha bipolar con una prótesis no convencional donde se cursa con una complicación y se realiza la cirugía de resolución.

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INTRODUCCIÓN: En las últimas décadas, se ha incrementado la prevalencia de infecciones por bacilos gramnegativos resistentes a carbapenémicos. OBJETIVO: Determinar los tipos y la frecuencia de las distintas carbapenemasas en aislados de Klebsiella spp. y Pseudomonas aeruginosa, en seis hospitales de alta complejidad de Bogotá-Colombia. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional descriptivo en seis hospitales de la ciudad de Bogotá, en el período de enero de 2017 a agosto de 2018. Se realizaron RPC para genes de KPC, GES, VIM, NDM, IMP y OXA-48 en cepas de Klebsiella spp y P aeruginosa resistentes a carbapenémicos. RESULTADOS: 52 aislados de P aeruginosa amplificaron para una carbapenemasa, de los cuales 39 (75%) fueron positivos para KPC, 11 (21%) para VIM y 2 co-producciones de KPC y VIM. En cuanto a Klebsiella spp., 165 cepas amplificaron al menos para una carbapenemasa, 98% expresaron KPC y 4 aislados tuvieron co-producciones de metalo-beta-lactamasas y KPC. DISCUSIÓN: Este estudio aporta información valiosa, como el incremento de producción de KPC en P. aeruginosa y la co-producción de KPC y metalo-beta-lactamasas, locual tiene una implicancia tanto en la selección del tratamiento, las medidas de aislamiento de contacto y el pronóstico de los pacientes.

BACKGROUND: In the last decades, the prevalence of infections by carbapenem resistant gram-negative bacilli has been increased. OBJECTIVE: To determine types and frequency of the different carbapenemases in Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in six hospitals in Bogotá-Colombia. METHODS: Descriptive and observational study, in six hospitals in the city of Bogotá, in the period ftom January 2017 to August 2018. PCR were performed for KPC, GES, VIM, NDM, IMP and OXA-48 genes, in carbapenem resistant Klebsiella spp. and P aeruginosa. RESULTS: 52 P aeruginosa isolates amplified a carbapenemase gene, of which 39 (75%) were positive for KPC, 11 (21%) for VIM and two co-productions of KPC and VIM. Regarding Klebsiella spp. 165 strains amplified at least one carbapenemase gene, 98% expressed KPC and four isolates had co-productions of metallo-P-lactamases and KPC. DISCUSSION: This study provides valuable information, such as the increased production of KPC in P. aeruginosa información valiosa, como el incremento de producción de KPC en P. aeruginosa and the co-production of KPC plus metallobetalactamases, which has an implication both in treatment selection, isolation precautions and patient prognosisy.

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