RESUMEN
Melanoma, primarily caused by solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, can be prevented by the use of sunscreens. However, the use of synthetic sunscreens raises environmental concerns. Natural compounds with antioxidant photoprotective properties and cytotoxic effects against cancer cells can be promising for the prevention and treatment of melanoma with less environmental effect. This study focuses on Melaleuca leucadendron essential oil (EO) for photoprotection and antitumor applications. EO was hydrodistilled from M. leucadendron leaves with a 0.59% yield. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detected monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Nanoemulsions were prepared with (NE-EO) and without EO (NE-B) using the phase inversion method, showing good stability, spherical or oval morphology, and a pseudoplastic profile. Photoprotective activity assessed spectrophotometrically showed that the NE-EO was more effective than NE-B and free EO. Antioxidant activity evaluated by DPPH and ABTS methods indicated that pure and nanoemulsified EO mainly inhibited the ABTS radical, showing IC50 40.72 and 5.30 µg/mL, respectively. Cytotoxicity tests on L-929 mouse fibroblasts, NGM human melanocyte, B16-F10 melanoma, and MeWo human melanoma revealed that EO and NE-EO were more cytotoxic to melanoma cells than to non-tumor cells. The stable NE-EO demonstrates potential for melanoma prevention and treatment. Further research is required to gain a better understanding of these activities.
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Despite presenting a worse prognosis and being associated with highly aggressive tumors, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the higher frequency of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, which have been implicated in better overall survival and response to therapy. Though recent studies have reported the capacity of B lymphocytes to recognize overly-expressed normal proteins, and tumor-associated antigens, how tumor development potentially modifies B cell response is yet to be elucidated. Our findings reveal distinct effects of 4T1 and E0771 murine tumor development on B cells in secondary lymphoid organs. Notably, we observe a significant expansion of total B cells and plasma cells in the tumor-draining lymph nodes (tDLNs) as early as 7 days after tumor challenge in both murine models, whereas changes in the spleen are less pronounced. Surprisingly, within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of both models, we detect distinct B cell subpopulations, but tumor development does not appear to cause major alterations in their frequency over time. Furthermore, our investigation into B cell regulatory phenotypes highlights that the B10 Breg phenotype remains unaffected in the evaluated tissues. Most importantly, we identified an increase in CD19 + LAG-3 + cells in tDLNs of both murine models. Interestingly, although CD19 + LAG-3 + cells represent a minor subset of total B cells (< 3%) in all evaluated tissues, most of these cells exhibit elevated expression of IgD, suggesting that LAG-3 may serve as an activation marker for B cells. Corroborating with these findings, we detected distinct cell cycle and proliferation genes alongside LAG-3 analyzing scRNA-Seq data from a cohort of TNBC patients. More importantly, our study suggests that the presence of LAG-3 B cells in breast tumors could be associated with a good prognosis, as patients with higher levels of LAG-3 B cell transcripts had a longer progression-free interval (PFI). This novel insight could pave the way for targeted therapies that harness the unique properties of LAG-3 + B cells, potentially offering new avenues for improving patient outcomes in TNBC. Further research is warranted to unravel the mechanistic pathways of these cells and to validate their prognostic value in larger, diverse patient cohorts.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas , Microambiente Tumoral , Animales , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/inmunología , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/genética , Femenino , Ratones , Microambiente Tumoral/inmunología , Linfocitos Infiltrantes de Tumor/inmunología , Linfocitos Infiltrantes de Tumor/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proteína del Gen 3 de Activación de Linfocitos , Subgrupos de Linfocitos B/inmunología , Subgrupos de Linfocitos B/metabolismo , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Linfocitos B/metabolismo , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Bazo/inmunología , Bazo/metabolismo , Bazo/patología , Ratones Endogámicos BALB CRESUMEN
Strategies for the production of new nanocomposites that promote bone tissue regeneration are important, particularly those that enhance the osteoinduction of hydroxyapatite in situ. Here, we studied and report the synthesis of nanohydroxyapatite and titanate nanotube (nHAp/TiNT) composites formulated at different concentrations (1, 2, 3, and 10 wt % TiNT) by means of a wet aqueous chemical reaction. The addition of TiNT affects the morphology of the nanocomposites, decreasing the average crystallite size from 54 nm (nHAp) to 34 nm (nHAp/TiNT10%), while confirming its interaction with the nanocomposite. The crystallinity index (CI) calculated by Raman spectroscopy and XRD showed that the values decreased according to the increase in TiNT concentration, which confirmed their addition to the structure of the nanocomposite. SEM images showed the presence of TiNTs in the nanocomposite. We further verified the potential cytotoxicity of murine fibroblast cell line L929, revealing that there was no remarkable cell death at any of the concentrations tested. In vivo regenerative activity was performed using oophorectomized animal (rat) models organized into seven groups containing five animals each over two experimental periods (15 and 30 days), with bone regeneration occurring in all groups tested within 30 days; however, the nHAp/TiNT10% group showed statistically greater tissue repair, compared to the untreated control group. Thus, the results of this study demonstrate that the presently formulated nHAp/TiNT nanocomposites are promising for numerous improved bone tissue regeneration applications.
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Marine plants have become an inexhaustible reservoir of new phytopharmaceuticals for cancer treatment. We demonstrate in vitro/in vivo antitumor efficacy of a standardized polyphenol extract from the marine angiosperm Thalassia testudinum (TTE) in colon tumor cell lines (RKO, SW480, and CT26) and a syngeneic allograft murine colorectal cancer model. MTT assays revealed a dose-dependent decrease of cell viability of RKO, CT26, and SW480 cells upon TTE treatment with IC50 values of, respectively, 175, 115, and 60 µg/mL. Furthermore, TTE significantly prevented basal and bFGF-induced angiogenesis in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis assay. In addition, TTE suppressed bFGF-induced migration of endothelial cells in a wound closure assay. Finally, TTE treatment abrogated CT26 colorectal cancer growth and increased overall organism survival in a syngeneic murine allograft model. Corresponding transcriptome profiling and pathway analysis allowed for the identification of the mechanism of action for the antitumor effects of TTE. In line with our in vitro/in vivo results, TTE treatment triggers ATF4-P53-NFκB specific gene expression and autophagy stress pathways. This results in suppression of colon cancer cell growth, cell motility, and angiogenesis pathways in vitro and in addition promotes antitumor immunogenic cell death in vivo.
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Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/uso terapéutico , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Hydrocharitaceae , Muerte Celular Inmunogénica/efectos de los fármacos , Neovascularización Patológica/patología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Autofagia/fisiología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/fisiología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Humanos , Hydrocharitaceae/química , Muerte Celular Inmunogénica/fisiología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Neovascularización Patológica/tratamiento farmacológico , Neovascularización Patológica/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto/métodosRESUMEN
Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul. var. acuminata Teles Freire (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used for treatment of gastric ulcer. This study evaluated the ulcer-healing activity of the hydroalcoholic fraction of C. macrophyllum Tul. var. acuminata Teles Freire leaves (Cm-FHA) and the tea of the leaves of C. macrophyllum (Cm-tea), as well as the possible action of Cm-FHA, through in vitro models. Leaves of C. macrophyllum were dried and powdered to obtain the Cm-FHA. Subsequently, the Cm-FHA was characterized phytochemically and biologically. Besides, Cm-tea was prepared. The gastric healing effects of Cm-tea and Cm-FHA were analyzed using the model of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats. The human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cell line was employed as an in vitro model. Cm-tea promoted a protective effect against gastric ulcers induced by absolute ethanol. Cm-FHA or Cm-tea (100 mg/kg/7 days) exhibited a significant healing effect on ulcers induced by acetic acid. In the histological analysis, gastric mucosa treated with Cm-FHA or Cm-tea advanced restoration of the mucosal epithelium. In vitro, lower concentrations of Cm-FHA stimulated cell proliferation in the BrdU assay and cell migration. Cm-tea and Cm-FHA present a significant gastric healing effect in in vivo and in vitro models.
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Antiulcerosos , Fabaceae , Úlcera Gástrica , Animales , Antiulcerosos/uso terapéutico , Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula , Mucosa Gástrica , Humanos , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Hojas de la Planta , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Úlcera Gástrica/inducido químicamente , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Recently, there has been a demand for the replacement of chemical sunscreens with natural compounds that could prevent or restore UV-induced skin damage. Here, we investigated the photoprotective influence of the Melaleuca leucadendron ethanolic flower extract (EEMec) on factors involved in cellular and molecular UVB-induced oxidative stress in human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT). The phytochemical constituents, antioxidant potential by DPPH assay, content of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds in EEMec were evaluated. HaCaT cells were treated with EEMec followed by irradiation with UVB. CAT activity; GSH and ROS levels; and SOD1, GPx, CAT and COX-2 expression assays were employed to verify the oxidative stress, as well as EEMec effect on transmembrane transport, and pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic protein expression. EEMec reverted the viability loss of HaCaT cells after irradiation with UVB, exhibited significant antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging activity in vitro, inhibited COX-2 expression and ensure protection of DNA-damage. EEMec shown a great photoprotective property to prevent keratinocytes damage induced by UV radiation and, thus a candidate potential to application as an adjuvant in sunscreen formulations as a strategy to reduce risk of sunburn and prevent skin diseases associated with UV-induced inflammation and cancer.
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Antioxidantes , Melaleuca , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Flores , Humanos , Queratinocitos , Estrés Oxidativo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversosRESUMEN
The tumour mass is composed not only of heterogeneous neoplastic cells, but also a variety of other components that may affect cancer cells behaviour. The lack of detailed knowledge about all the constituents of the tumour microenvironment restricts the design of effective treatments. Nerves have been reported to contribute to the growth and maintenance of numerous tissues. The effects of sensory innervations on tumour growth remain unclear. Here, by using state-of-the-art techniques, including Cre/loxP technologies, confocal microscopy, in vivo-tracing and chemical denervation, we revealed the presence of sensory nerves infiltrating within the melanoma microenvironment, and affecting cancer progression. Strikingly, melanoma growth in vivo was accelerated following genetic ablation or chemical denervation of sensory nerves. In humans, a retrospective analysis of melanoma patients revealed that increased expression of genes related to sensory nerves in tumours was associated with better clinical outcomes. These findings suggest that sensory innervations counteract melanoma progression. The emerging knowledge from this research provides a novel target in the tumour microenvironment for therapeutic benefit in cancer patients.
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Melanoma/patología , Células Receptoras Sensoriales/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Animales , Comunicación Celular/fisiología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Estudios Retrospectivos , Microambiente TumoralRESUMEN
Ageratina havanensis (Kunth) R. M. King & H. Robinson is a species of flowering shrub in the family Asteraceae, native to the Caribbean and Texas. The aim of this work was to compare the quantitative chemical composition of extracts obtained from Ageratina havanensis in its flowering and vegetative stages with the antioxidant potential and to determine the effects on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function. The quantitative chemical composition of the extracts was determined quantifying their major flavonoids by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and by PCA analysis. The effects of the extracts on P-gp activity was evaluated by Rhodamine 123 assay; antioxidant properties were determined by DPPH, FRAP and inhibition of lipid peroxidation methods. The obtained results show that major flavonoids were present in higher concentrations in vegetative stage than flowering stage. In particular, the extracts obtained in the flowering season showed a significantly higher ability to sequester free radicals compared to those of the vegetative season, meanwhile, the extracts obtained during the vegetative stage showed a significant inhibitory effect against brain lipid peroxidation and a strong reductive capacity. This study also showed the inhibitory effects of all ethanolic extracts on P-gp function in 4T1 cell line; these effects were unrelated to the phenological stage. This work shows, therefore, the first evidence on: the inhibition of P-gp function, the antioxidant effects and the content of major flavonoids of Ageratina havanensis. According to the obtained results, the species Ageratina havanensis (Kunth) R. M. King & H. Robinson could be a source of new potential inhibitors of drug efflux mediated by P-gp. A special focus on all these aspects must be taking into account for future studies.
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Miembro 1 de la Subfamilia B de Casetes de Unión a ATP/metabolismo , Ageratina/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Activación del Canal Iónico/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Estructura Molecular , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray , Espectrometría de Masas en TándemRESUMEN
The proteolytic fraction (P1G10) from Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis, displays gastric protective and healing activities in different skin lesions in mice and human. In an excisional model, this fraction accelerates resolution of lesions and modulates inflammatory mediators. Based on these data, we assessed its anti-inflammatory activity in murine colitis model, induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) adopted by its physiopathological similarity with human colitis. Twenty four hours after colitis induction followed by three days of treatment, P1G10 at 0.3 and 3.0 mg/Kg induced 30% increase in body weight (p < 0.0001) and ~80% reduction in colon macroscopic damage score (p < 0.05) compared to the untreated TNBS-induced colitis group. Histological analyses showed that 0.3 mg/Kg P1G10 reduced the inflammatory profile and tissue damage (47%, p < 0.05) when it was proteolytically active. Compared to TNBS group, 0.3 mg/Kg P1G10 reduced MPO activity (80%, p < 0.01), MCP-1 (47%, p < 0.05) and TNF-α (50%, no significant) and increased IL-10 (330%, p < 0.001) levels in the supernatant of colonic tissue homogenate. P1G10 treatment also reduced COX-2 expression (60%, p < 0.05) and metalloprotease-2 activity (39%, p < 0.05) while increased globet cell density (140%, p < 0.01), that contributes to mucus layer protection in colonic tissue. Taken together, these findings suggest that low doses of active P1G10 promotes lesion resolution, at least in part by its anti-inflammatory activity, in TNBS-colitis model.
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Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/patología , Látex/química , Proteolisis , Animales , Caricaceae/química , Colitis/enzimología , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/patología , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hexosaminidasas/metabolismo , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasa 2 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Ratones , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Ácido Trinitrobencenosulfónico , Pérdida de Peso/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Chemical ocular burns are among the most frequently eye-related injuries, which require immediate and intensive evaluation and care since they may lead to potential complications such as superinfection, corneal perforation, and blindness.Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis, a species from Caricaceae family, contains highly active proteolytic enzymes in its latex that show healing activity in animal models bearing lesions of different etiologies. METHODS: We evaluate the ocular toxicity of the proteolytic fraction from V. cundinamarcensis (P1G10) by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and Hen's Egg Test-Chorioallantoic Membrane test. The corneal healing property of P1G10 was studied by the ethanol-chemical burn in the rabbit's eyes. RESULTS: P1G10 is safe for ocular administration, except when administrated at 10µg/mL. P1G10 at 1µg/mL accelerates the corneal re-epithelization achieving complete wound closure after 72h of chemical burn. Also, P1G10 modulated the inflammatory response and controlled the arrangement of collagen fibers in the stroma, demonstrating its potential corneal healing properties. CONCLUSIONS: Our work was the first one to evaluate the ophthalmic application of P1G10. Here we demonstrated that P1G10 is suitable for ocular administration and it has a promising corneal healing activity which may emerge as a new pharmacological tool to the development of a new drug for ocular surface chemical injuries in the future.
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Quemaduras Químicas/patología , Caricaceae/enzimología , Córnea/efectos de los fármacos , Lesiones de la Cornea/patología , Quemaduras Oculares/patología , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Péptido Hidrolasas/farmacología , Repitelización/efectos de los fármacos , Administración Oftálmica , Animales , Quemaduras Químicas/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Colágeno/efectos de los fármacos , Córnea/citología , Córnea/metabolismo , Córnea/patología , Lesiones de la Cornea/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Etanol/toxicidad , Quemaduras Oculares/metabolismo , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Inflamación , Látex/química , Conejos , Solventes/toxicidad , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Objetivo: Apresentar o Observatório da Enfermagem como um veículo oficial de comunicação do Sistema Conselho Federal de Enfermagem/Conselhos Regionais de Enfermagem, sobre a situação epidemiológica da COVID-19 na Enfermagem brasileira. Método: Estudo sobre o desenvolvimento de um sistema eletrônico, do tipo observatório, construído pelo Departamento de Tecnologia de Informação e Comunicação, do Conselho Federal de Enfermagem, com o intuito de acompanhar a epidemiologia da COVID-19 entre os profissionais de Enfermagem. Resultados: O Observatório da Enfermagem é um sistema que possui um formulário eletrônico estruturado, o qual permite a coleta e análise de dados sobre a propagação da COVID-19 nos profissionais de Enfermagem em todo o território nacional. A criação, implantação e implementação do Observatório da Enfermagem e suas quatro etapas deram origem ao painel de indicadores com a notificação de casos de infecção e óbitos de profissionais de Enfermagem pela COVID-19. Considerações Finais: O Observatório da Enfermagem como sistema de informação sobre a incidência de casos e a ocorrência de óbitos por COVID-19 tem se mostrado uma importante ferramenta gerencial para tomada de decisão em todo o território nacional, seja pelas entidades de Enfermagem ou pelos Gestores do Sistema Único de Saúde nas três esferas de governo e da inciativa privada; bem como tem contribuído para dá maior visibilidade ao trabalho dos profissionais de Enfermagem e desvelar as precárias condições de trabalho a que estes estão expostos, junto à população e a imprensa. (AU)
Objective: To present the Nursing Observatory as an official communication vehicle of the Federal Nursing Council/Regional Nursing Councils system, on the epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in Brazilian Nursing. Method: Study on the development of an observatory-type electronic system, built by the Department of Information and Communication Technology, of the Federal Nursing Council, in order to monitor the epidemiology of COVID-19 among nursing professionals. Results: The Nursing Observatory is a system that has a structured electronic form, which allows the collection and analysis of data on the spread of COVID-19 among nursing professionals across the national territory. The creation, implementation and implementation of the Nursing Observatory and its four stages gave rise to the panel of indicators with the notification of cases of infection and deaths of nursing professionals by COVID-19. Final Considerations: The Nursing Observatory as an information system on the incidence of cases and the occurrence of deaths by COVID-19 has been shown to be an important managerial tool for decision making throughout the national territory, whether by Nursing entities or Managers the Unified Health System in the three spheres of government and the private initiative; as well as it has contributed to give greater visibility to the work of Nursing professionals and to reveal the precarious working conditions to which they are exposed, together with the population and the press. (AU)
Objetivo: Presentar el Observatorio de Enfermería como vehículo de comunicación oficial del sistema del Consejo Federal de Enfermería / Consejos Regionales de Enfermería, sobre la situación epidemiológica de COVID-19 en la Enfermería brasileña. Método: Estudio sobre el desarrollo de un sistema electrónico de tipo observatorio, construido por el Departamento de Tecnología de la Información y la Comunicación, del Consejo Federal de Enfermería, para monitorear la epidemiología de COVID-19 entre los profesionales de enfermería. Resultados: El Observatorio de Enfermería es un sistema que tiene una forma electrónica estructurada, que permite la recopilación y el análisis de datos sobre la propagación de COVID-19 entre los profesionales de enfermería en todo el territorio nacional. La creación, implementación e implementación del Observatorio de Enfermería y sus cuatro etapas dieron lugar al panel de indicadores con la notificación de casos de infección y muerte de profesionales de enfermería por COVID-19. Consideraciones finales: El Observatorio de Enfermería como un sistema de información sobre la incidencia de casos y la ocurrencia de muertes por COVID-19 ha demostrado ser una importante herramienta de gestión para la toma de decisiones en todo el territorio nacional, ya sea por entidades de enfermería o gerentes el Sistema Único de Salud en las tres esferas del gobierno y la iniciativa privada; así como ha contribuido a dar mayor visibilidad al trabajo de los profesionales de enfermería y a revelar las precarias condiciones de trabajo a las que están expuestos, junto con la población y la prensa. (AU)
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Enfermería , Infecciones por Coronavirus , Pandemias , Enfermeras PracticantesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: P1G10 is a cysteine proteolytic fraction from Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis latex, obtained by chromatographic separation on Sephadex-G10 and ultrafiltration. This fraction enhances healing in different models of skin lesions, and displays a protective/healing effect against gastric ulcers, where it was suggested an antioxidant role. METHODS: We evaluated here the effect of topical treatment with P1G10, in mice lesions induced by UVB. RESULTS: After single exposure to 2.4 J cm-2 UVB, P1G10 reduced erythema, increased cellularity of hypodermis, enhanced MPO activity and IL1ß, and inhibited COX2 levels. These results point to an anti-inflammatory effect by P1G10. This fraction displayed antioxidant activity by reversing the depletion of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reducing the catalase activity increased by UVB. These changes may be related to a reduction in MDA observed in groups treated with P1G10. P1G10 also inhibited MMP-9, caspase-3 and pkat while increasing p53 levels.
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Carica/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Fraccionamiento Químico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ratones , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversosRESUMEN
A series of1,2,4- and 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity. Halogenated 1,2,4-oxadiazoles were obtained from benzonitrile and coupled either lipophilic amines or with aminoalcohols. Lipophilic 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives were obtained through the Mannich reactions between 5-(aryl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol and alkylated or acylated amines. The in vitro cytotoxic effects were evaluated against 4T1- mammary carcinoma and CT26 - colon cancer cells. The best results were obtained for the 1,3,4-oxadiazole coupled to alkylated piperazine with 10-14 carbon chain moiety, with IC50 values ranging from 1.6 to 3.55µΜ for the 4T1 cell line, and from 1.6 to 3.9⯵M for the CT26.WT cell line, and selectivity index up to 19. The most potent compounds were investigated with AnnexinV and PI staining as indicative of apoptosis induction.
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Antineoplásicos/química , Oxadiazoles/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Oxadiazoles/síntesis química , Oxadiazoles/química , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Previous studies showed that P1G10, a proteolytic fraction from Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis latex, reduced the tumor mass in animals bearing melanoma, increased in vitro DNA fragmentation and decreased cell adhesion. Here, we present some molecular and cellular events related to the antimetastatic effect induced by the CMS-2 fraction derived from P1G10 in metastatic melanoma B16-F10 and melanocyte Melan-a. Using difference gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, we identified four proteins overexpressed in tumor cells, all of them related to proliferation, survival, migration and cell invasion, that had their expression normalized upon treatment with CMS-2: nucleophosmin 1, heat shock protein 65, calcyclin binding protein and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4H. In addition, some antioxidant and glycolytic enzymes show increased expression after exposure to CMS-2, along with an induction of melanogenesis (differentiation marker). The down regulation of cofilin 1, a protein involved in cell motility, may explain the inhibition of cell migration and dendritic-like outgrowth in B16-F10 and Melan-a, observed after CMS-2 treatment. Taken together, it is argued that CMS-2 modulates the expression of proteins related to metastatic development, driving the cell to a more differentiated-like state. These effects support the CMS-2 antimetastatic activity and place this fraction in the category of anticancer agent.
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Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Caricaceae/enzimología , Proteasas de Cisteína/farmacología , Melanoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Metástasis de la Neoplasia/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteínas de Plantas/farmacología , Animales , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proteasas de Cisteína/uso terapéutico , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Melanoma/patología , Ratones , Metástasis de la Neoplasia/patología , NucleofosminaRESUMEN
Complexes [Ag(H2BzPh)NO3] (1), [Ag(H2BzpCH3Ph)NO3] (2), [Ag(H2BzpClPh)NO3] (3), and [Ag(H2BzpNO2Ph)NO3] (4) were synthesized with 2-benzoylpyridine benzoylhydrazone (H2BzPh) and its para-methyl-benzoylhydrazone (H2BzpCH3Ph), para-chloro-benzoylhydrazone (H2BzpClPh), and para-nitro-benzoylhydrazone (H2BzpNO2Ph) derivatives. Experimental data indicate that the nitrate ligand binds more strongly to the silver center through one of the oxygen atoms, whereas the second oxygen atom from nitrate and the hydrazone oxygen makes much weaker interactions with the metal. Dissociation of nitrate most probably occurs in solution and in biological media. Interestingly, theoretical calculations suggested that when dissociation of the nitrate takes place, all bond orders involving the metal and the atoms from the hydrazone ligand increase significantly, showing that the bonding of nitrate results in the weakening of all other interactions in the metal coordination sphere. Upon complexation of the hydrazones to silver(I), cytotoxicity against B16F10 metastatic murine melanoma cells increased in all cases. Complexes (1-3) proved to be more cytotoxic than cisplatin. All compounds were more cytotoxic to B16F10 cells than to nontumorigenic murine Melan-A melanocyte cells. Interestingly, the selectivity index (SI = IC50 non-malignant cells/IC50 tumor cells) of complex (1), SI = 23, was much higher than that of the parent hydrazone ligand, SI = 9.5. Studies on the interactions of complexes (1-3) with DNA suggested that although (1-3) interact with calf thymus DNA by an intercalative mode, direct covalent binding of silver(I) to DNA probably does not occur. Complexes (1-3) interact in vitro with human serum albumin indicating that these compounds could be transported by albumin.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Reported antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties for one aqueous-ethanolic extract from Thalassia testudinum which grows in the Caribbean Sea compelled us to explore about extract cytotoxic effects. METHODS: Cell viability was assayed on tumour (HepG2, PC12, Caco-2 and 4T1) and non-tumour (VERO, 3T3, CHO, MCDK and BHK2) cell lines. The extract effects upon primary cultures of rat and human hepatocytes and human lymphocytes were assayed. KEY FINDINGS: The extract exhibited cytotoxicity against cancer cells compared to normal cells, and the IC50 values were 102 µg/ml for HepG2, 135 µg/ml for PC12, 165 µg/ml for Caco-2 and 129 µg/ml for 4T1 cells after 48 h, whereas IC50 could not be calculated for normal cells. Additional data from a high-content screening multiparametric assay indicated that after 24-h exposure, the extract (up to 100 µg/ml) induced death in HepG2 cells through oxidative stress-associated mechanism, DNA damage and hypercalcaemia. Comet assay corroborated extract-induced DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS: Thalassia testudinum extract is more cytotoxic and produced more DNA damage on human hepatoma cells than to other non-tumour cells. A possible mechanism is suggested for extract-induced cytotoxicity based on oxidative stress, nuclear damage and hypercalcaemia in HepG2 cells. T. testudinum may be a source for antitumour agents.
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Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Etanol/química , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Solventes/química , Agua/química , Adulto , Animales , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/toxicidad , Células CACO-2 , Región del Caribe , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Hydrocharitaceae , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos/patología , Masculino , Neoplasias/patología , Células PC12 , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Cultivo Primario de Células , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to investigate the role of the proteolytic fraction from Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis, designated as P1G10, on the healing of chronic foot ulcers in neuropathic patients with diabetes 2. METHODS: Fifty patients were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial, to verify the efficacy and safety of a topical dressing formulated with 0.1% P1G10, intended for wound healing, versus a hydrogel (control) protocol. Upon completion of the intervention, the outcome evaluated the number of patients attaining full epithelization (100%), or at least 80% healing. Statistical analysis compared the data on each group for the significance of the differences. RESULTS: Collection of data was finished in week 16, and the results were analyzed by intention to treat. The results showed that, in the control group, 5 patients attained 100% ulcer healing, 3 patients ≥ 80% healing and 11 experienced ulcer changes ≤ 80%, and the remainder showed no changes or their wounds became worse. Meanwhile, in the P1G10 group, 11 patients experienced full healing, 4 had healing ≥ 80% and 5 had ulcer changes ≤ lower than 80%, and the remainder showed no changes or their wounds became worse. The healing incidence for the first endpoint (100% healing) showed that the P1G10 group was 2.95-fold more efficacious than the control group (CI 95%) and 2.52-fold (CI, 95%) higher than its control for the second endpoint (80% healing). CONCLUSIONS: These data support the hypothesis that topical application of the proteolytic fraction identified as P1G10 significantly enhances foot ulcer healing compared to hydrogel treatment.
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Caricaceae , Pie Diabético/terapia , Látex/uso terapéutico , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedad Crónica , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Pie Diabético/etiología , Nefropatías Diabéticas/complicaciones , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proyectos Piloto , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The aqueous extract of the Allophylus cominia (L) Sw (Sapindaceae) leaves has shown anti-diabetic, anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory properties. In the Caribbean region, it is typically used for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. METHODS: Considering the herb-drug interaction, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of the A. cominia extract on the cytochrome P450 (CYP) (rat hepatocyte model) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) (4T1 cell line) systems. RESULTS: The extract did not decrease the cell viability after being assayed by the MTT test at up to 1500 µg/mL for 72 h. The exposure of the cultured rat hepatocytes to the product (up to 250 µg/mL) for 48 h increased the activities of CYP-1A2, 2C9, and 2E1 by 1.46-, 1.60-, and 1.51-fold, respectively, compared with the controls. The activities of CYP-2B6, 2D6, and 3A4 were not significantly altered, whereas the activity of P-gp decreased by 2- and 4-fold. In addition, the extracts at 100 and 200 µg/mL significantly increased doxorubicin cytotoxicity in these cells 24 h after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that the A. cominia extract modulates the CYP and P-gp systems increasing sensitivity to doxorubicin. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the potential herb-drug interaction or chemosensitive properties.
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Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Interacciones de Hierba-Droga , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Sapindaceae/química , Subfamilia B de Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP/efectos de los fármacos , Subfamilia B de Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP/metabolismo , Animales , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Femenino , Masculino , Ratones , Extractos Vegetales/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , RatasRESUMEN
The Qa-2 has been described as Human Leucocyte Antigen G (HLA-G) murine homolog. This homology is well accepted to gene and protein structure, in different pathology process and embryos implantation. However, in some neoplasm, this homology is questioned, where Qa-2 has been proposed as an immunogenic molecule, associated to tumor rejection. In this way, the aim of this study was to describe the pattern of Qa-2 expression and its relationship with the profile of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in solid Ehrlich tumor. The Ehrlich tumor growth was evaluated in Balb/c female mice in different tumor stages. The inflammatory infiltration features were determined by histopathology and, both lymphocyte type and tissue Qa-2 expression by immunohistochemistry. ELISA kit was used to determine soluble Qa-2 in the serum from the animals. We observed that Qa-2 in neoplastic cells increases in intermediate tumor development stages, while, serum Qa-2 increases in the late stage. Qa-2 increasing is correlated with CD3+ increase. Our results suggest that Qa-2 has a role opposite to HLA-G in Ehrlich solid carcinoma, and may be modulating the immune response by attracting the inflammatory infiltrate, especially T CD8+ Lymphocytes.
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Carcinogénesis/metabolismo , Carcinogénesis/patología , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/metabolismo , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase I/metabolismo , Linfocitos Infiltrantes de Tumor/metabolismo , Animales , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/sangre , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Femenino , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase I/sangre , Humanos , Inflamación/patología , Ratones Endogámicos BALB CRESUMEN
The phytochemical study of hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts from leaves of Psychotria viridis resulted in the identification of: the pentacyclic triterpenes, ursolic and oleanolic acid; the steroids, 24-methylene-cycloartanol, stigmasterol and ß-sitosterol; the glycosylated steroids 3-O-ß-D-glucosyl-ß-sitosterol and 3-O-ß-D-glucosyl-stigmasterol; a polyunsaturated triterpene, squalene; the esters of glycerol, 1-palmitoylglycerol and triacylglycerol; a mixture of long chain hydrocarbons; the aldehyde nonacosanal; the long chain fat acids hentriacontanoic, hexadecanoic and heptadenoic acid; the ester methyl heptadecanoate; the 4-methyl-epi-quinate and two indole alkaloids, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and N-methyltryptamine. The chemical structures were determined by means of spectroscopic (IR, 1H and 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY) and spectrometric (CG-MS and LCMS-ESI-ITTOF) methods. The study of biologic properties of P. viridis consisted in the evaluation of the acetylcholinesterase inhibition and cytotoxic activities. The hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts, the substances 24-methylene-cycloartanol, DMT and a mixture of 3-O-ß-D-glucosyl-ß-sitosterol and 3-O-ß-D-glucosyl-stigmasterol showed cholinesterase inhibiting activity. This activity induced by chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts was higher than 90%. The methanol and ethyl acetate extracts inhibit the growth and/or induce the death of the tumor cells strains B16F10 and 4T1, without damaging the integrity of the normal cells BHK and CHO. DMT also demonstrated a marked activity against tumor cell strains B16F10 and 4T1.