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Crossbreeding has been used to improve performance in beef cattle, however the effects of breed composition on methane (CH4) production, yield and intensity from cattle raised in tropical intensive and integrated systems remain unknown. To assess the impact of breed composition on performance and methane emissions, Nellore (NEL; yr 1: BW = 171.5 ± 19.4 kg; n = 10; yr 2: BW = 215.8 ± 32.3 kg, n = 25) and Angus x Nellore crossbred (AN; yr 1: BW = 214.2 ± 26.4 kg, n = 10; yr 2: BW = 242.5 ± 32.2 kg, n = 25) were compared. The animals grazed on integrated crop-livestock system in the growing phase (stocking rate 2452 kg BW/ha, herbage mass 4,884 kg dry matter (DM)/ha, forage allowance 5.9 kg DM/100kg BW) and then were finished in a feedlot. Steers (n = 8) from each breed composition were randomly selected in each phase to measure CH4 production using a sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer technique and DM intake (DMI) using titanium dioxide. Compared with NEL, AN had both superior total gain and average daily gain (ADG) in the grazing period. The AN presented greater ADG in the feedlot with a shorter finishing period and resulted in greater carcass yield and carcass ADG. Methane production (kg/period) was lower in NEL (19% less) than AN in grazing (P<0.01), and no difference was observed in feedlot. The NEL had less CH4 intensity (CH4/BW) in grazing but greater CH4 per unit of ADG in the feedlot compared to AN. Breed composition did not influence the CH4 yield (CH4/DMI) in either phase, despite the difference in feedlot DMI (kg/day). In conclusion, crossbreeding may be an option to improve performance and reduce the CH4 per ADG in tropical climate conditions, resulting in lower methane emission per kg of meat produced.

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OBJECTIVE: Isoquinoline Alkaloids, derived from one plant (Macleaya cordata) can be an alternative when it is desired to increase performance in feedlot cattle. However, results on these nutritional additives in high energy diets in ruminants are still incipient in literature. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate performance and carcass traits of feedlot bulls supplemented with sanguinarine, the main alkaloid presents in Macleaya cordata in high energy density diets. METHODS: Thirty-two crossbred Angus-Nelore bulls with mean initial body weight of 365±10 kg and mean initial age of 11±3 months were used. The experiment lasted 119 days, with 14 days of adaptation and 105 experimental days. Experimental diet consisted of 85% whole corn grains and 15% protein-vitamin-mineral nucleus and supplied ad libitum. Treatments consisted of a control diet (CON) and a diet with sanguinarine supplementation (SAN) at a dosage of 4 g of product sufficient to provide 6 mg of sanguinarine/d. Experimental design was completely randomized. RESULTS: Dry matter intake, average daily gain and feed conversion were similar (p>0.05) between treatments. However, SAN group animals had higher carcass yield (p = 0.045) and were more efficient in the transformation of dry matter consumed in carcass gain (p = 0.046) than CON. In addition, haptoglobin, increased throughout feedlot duration meaning high challenge for the animals due to the diet, but this behavior was similar (p>0.05) between treatments. CONCLUSION: Sanguinarine produced positive results in relation to carcass yield and could be used as an additive for bulls fed diets receiving high energy density diet.

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Background: There are many metabolic diseases that affect dairy cows during the transition period, among them, the postparturient hypocalcemia, also known as milk fever, puerperal paresis syndrome, or fallen cow. This disease may affect animals 72 h after calving due to a nutritional imbalance in the calcium metabolism, which occurs after a sudden demand of this mineral at the beginning of lactation. This problem is more common in animals with high milk production, and usually after the second lactation. Therefore, this study evaluated whether the anionic diet on the prepartum phase would be beneficial for dairy cows in the transition period. Materials, Methods & Results: Eight Holstein cows on their second and third pregnancy with body condition score between 3.5 and 4 were used. During the experiment, the animals remained in paddock with grazing Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) and water ad libitum. Two groups of four animals each were used: the group A (control) received a dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) diet of 2.57 mEq kg-1, and the second group, called the group B (treatment), received a DCAD diet of -112.2 mEq kg-1. To evaluate animal health, we performed gynecological examinations, in addition to blood samplings on days 20, 10 and 5 prepartum and 3, 7, 12 and 20 postpartum to assess seric levels of calcium (Ca), total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, and hepatic function (AST, ALT and GGT). It was also measured the production of free radicals (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) in the transition period of the cows. No statistical differences were observed between groups regarding body condition score, uterine tone, dominant follicle diameter, size and presence of the corpus luteum and the presence of genital discharge up to 30 days postpartum. However, the anionic diet prevented a dramatic reduction in calcium levels, unlike what occurred in the control cows (the group A) where a subclinical hypocalcemia was observed.[...]

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Background: There are many metabolic diseases that affect dairy cows during the transition period, among them, the postparturient hypocalcemia, also known as milk fever, puerperal paresis syndrome, or fallen cow. This disease may affect animals 72 h after calving due to a nutritional imbalance in the calcium metabolism, which occurs after a sudden demand of this mineral at the beginning of lactation. This problem is more common in animals with high milk production, and usually after the second lactation. Therefore, this study evaluated whether the anionic diet on the prepartum phase would be beneficial for dairy cows in the transition period. Materials, Methods & Results: Eight Holstein cows on their second and third pregnancy with body condition score between 3.5 and 4 were used. During the experiment, the animals remained in paddock with grazing Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) and water ad libitum. Two groups of four animals each were used: the group A (control) received a dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) diet of 2.57 mEq kg-1, and the second group, called the group B (treatment), received a DCAD diet of -112.2 mEq kg-1. To evaluate animal health, we performed gynecological examinations, in addition to blood samplings on days 20, 10 and 5 prepartum and 3, 7, 12 and 20 postpartum to assess seric levels of calcium (Ca), total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, and hepatic function (AST, ALT and GGT). It was also measured the production of free radicals (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) in the transition period of the cows. No statistical differences were observed between groups regarding body condition score, uterine tone, dominant follicle diameter, size and presence of the corpus luteum and the presence of genital discharge up to 30 days postpartum. However, the anionic diet prevented a dramatic reduction in calcium levels, unlike what occurred in the control cows (the group A) where a subclinical hypocalcemia was observed.[...](AU)

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This study aimed to assess the parameters of milk quality of properties with different technological standards. Twenty five properties were analyzed from 7 countries from the West of Santa Catarina, and classified according to production technologies (feeding, breeding and management practices in general), capital used in the activity, technological standard of machinery, equipment and infrastructure. Ten properties were classified as low technological standard, 8 intermediate standard and 7 high technological standard. The milk's quality data of each property (fat, protein, somatic cell count (SCC) and total bacterial count (TBC)) were supplied by dairy products, being used the average of the months of February, March and April of 2013. The data was subjected to multivariate statistical analysis and variance. It was found that the properties of low technological standard had higher fat content in milk, followed by intermediate and high standard which didn't differ. The protein contents were higher in the properties of low standard with relation to intermediate standard, being that the high-tech standard didn't differ from the other groups. With regard to TBC, the properties of low-tech showed higher values when compared to the other groups, while the SCC did not differ between the different technological standards. We concluded that the technological standard of the properties influenced the parameters of protein, fat and TBC, being that in according with increased of the level of technological of properties, there was a decrease in these parameters, except that SCC didn't show the same behavior, not being influenced by technological standards. The percentage variations in milk protein and fat were explained by racial pattern of the animals and the amount of concentrate supplied to the animals. The TBC was influenced by the milking hygiene practices, such as milking system's pre-disinfection and the use of hot water in the sanitation of the equipment.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os parâmetros de qualidade do leite de propriedades com diferentes padrões tecnológicos. Foram analisadas 25 propriedades de 7 municípios da região Oeste de Santa Catarina, as quais foram classificadas de acordo com tecnologias de produção (alimentação, reprodução e práticas de manejo em geral), capital utilizado na atividade, padrão tecnológico de maquinários, equipamentos e infraestrutura. Foram classificadas 10 propriedades como de baixo padrão tecnológico, 8 de padrão intermediário e 7 de alto padrão tecnológico. Os dados de qualidade do leite de cada propriedade (gordura, proteína, contagem de células somáticas e contagem bacteriana total) foram fornecidos pelos lacticínios, sendo utilizada a média dos meses de fevereiro, março e abril. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística multivariada e de variância. Verificou-se que as propriedades de baixo padrão tecnológico apresentaram maiores teores de gordura no leite, seguido pelos padrões intermediário e alto que não diferiram entre si. Os teores de proteína foram maiores nas propriedades de baixo padrão em relação ao padrão intermediário, sendo que o padrão alta tecnologia não diferiu dos demais grupos. Com relação à CBT, as propriedades de baixa tecnologia apresentaram maiores valores quando comparado aos demais grupos, enquanto que a CCS não diferiu entre os diferentes padrões tecnológicos. Conclui-se que o padrão tecnológico das propriedades influenciou os parâmetros de proteína, gordura e CBT, sendo que conforme aumentou o nível tecnológico das propriedades, houve queda nestes parâmetros, com exceção da CCS que não apresentou mesmo comportamento, não sendo influenciada pelos padrões tecnológicos. As variações nos teores de proteína e gordura do leite foram explicadas pelo padrão racial dos animais e pela quantidade de concentrado fornecida aos animais. A CBT foi influenciada por práticas higiênicas na ordenha, como a pré-desinfecção do sistema de ordenha e a utilização de água quente na higienização dos equipamentos.

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Neosporosis is an infectious disease caused by the parasite Neospora caninum. Knowledge regarding neosporosis in goats is still quite limited, especially in the state of Santa Catarina (SC), southern Brazil. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the seroprevalence and risk factors for N. caninum in goats in the western and mountain regions of SC. Blood samples were collected from 654 goats in 57 municipalities. The indirect immunofluorescence test was used for antibody detection against N. caninum. Thirty samples (4.58%) were seropositive, with titers ranging from 1:50 to 1:6400. An epidemiological survey was also conducted in order to identify risk factors for neosporosis in goats. It was found that reproductive problems on the farms, as well as the diet and direct contact with dogs were casual risks for neosporosis. These results indicate that N. caninum infects goats in these regions, which may lead to reproductive problems.

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Neosporosis is an infectious disease caused by the parasite Neospora caninum. Knowledge regarding neosporosis in goats is still quite limited, especially in the state of Santa Catarina (SC), southern Brazil. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the seroprevalence and risk factors for N. caninum in goats in the western and mountain regions of SC. Blood samples were collected from 654 goats in 57 municipalities. The indirect immunofluorescence test was used for antibody detection against N. caninum. Thirty samples (4.58%) were seropositive, with titers ranging from 1:50 to 1:6400. An epidemiological survey was also conducted in order to identify risk factors for neosporosis in goats. It was found that reproductive problems on the farms, as well as the diet and direct contact with dogs were casual risks for neosporosis. These results indicate that N. caninum infects goats in these regions, which may lead to reproductive problems.

Neosporose é uma doença infecciosa causada pelo parasito Neospora caninum. Nos caprinos, as informações sobre neosporose ainda são bastante limitadas, especialmente no Estado de Santa Catarina (SC), Sul do Brasil. Em virtude disso, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a soroprevalência e os fatores de risco envolvidos na infecção por N. caninum em caprinos das regiões Oeste e Planalto Serrano do Estado de SC. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de 654 caprinos em 57 cidades. A técnica de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) foi usada para a detecção sorológica de anticorpos contra N. caninum. Trinta amostras (4,58%) foram soropositivas para o agente infeccioso com títulos variando entre 1:50 a 1:6400. Durante a coleta de sangue, um levantamento epidemiológico foi realizado para identificar fatores de risco para neosporose em caprinos. Problemas reprodutivos presentes nas fazendas, bem como a dieta e o contato direto com cães foram detectados como fatores de risco para a doença. Os resultados indicam que N. caninum infecta cabras nas regiões avaliadas, o que pode estar relacionado a problemas reprodutivos nesta espécie.

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Neosporosis is an infectious disease caused by the parasite Neospora caninum. Knowledge regarding neosporosis in goats is still quite limited, especially in the state of Santa Catarina (SC), southern Brazil. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the seroprevalence and risk factors for N. caninum in goats in the western and mountain regions of SC. Blood samples were collected from 654 goats in 57 municipalities. The indirect immunofluorescence test was used for antibody detection against N. caninum. Thirty samples (4.58%) were seropositive, with titers ranging from 1:50 to 1:6400. An epidemiological survey was also conducted in order to identify risk factors for neosporosis in goats. It was found that reproductive problems on the farms, as well as the diet and direct contact with dogs were casual risks for neosporosis. These results indicate that N. caninum infects goats in these regions, which may lead to reproductive problems.

Neosporose é uma doença infecciosa causada pelo parasito Neospora caninum. Nos caprinos, as informações sobre neosporose ainda são bastante limitadas, especialmente no Estado de Santa Catarina (SC), Sul do Brasil. Em virtude disso, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a soroprevalência e os fatores de risco envolvidos na infecção por N. caninum em caprinos das regiões Oeste e Planalto Serrano do Estado de SC. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de 654 caprinos em 57 cidades. A técnica de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) foi usada para a detecção sorológica de anticorpos contra N. caninum. Trinta amostras (4,58%) foram soropositivas para o agente infeccioso com títulos variando entre 1:50 a 1:6400. Durante a coleta de sangue, um levantamento epidemiológico foi realizado para identificar fatores de risco para neosporose em caprinos. Problemas reprodutivos presentes nas fazendas, bem como a dieta e o contato direto com cães foram detectados como fatores de risco para a doença. Os resultados indicam que N. caninum infecta cabras nas regiões avaliadas, o que pode estar relacionado a problemas reprodutivos nesta espécie.

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O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar as variações sazonais da qualidade do leite no oeste de Santa Catarina de acordo com as estações do ano. Utilizaram-se dados de 799 produtores de leite de uma cooperativa do Oeste Catarinense, considerando os teores de gordura, proteína, CCS (contagem de células somáticas) e CBT (contagem bacteriana total) de 9144 amostras de leite cru, coletadas diretamente dos tanques de resfriamento do produtor, durante os meses de outubro de 2009 a setembro de 2010. Os dados foram agrupados em quatro estações do ano (verão, outono, inverno e primavera). Para as quatro estações do ano, os dados também foram classificados segundo as instruções normativas IN 51 e IN 62 do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, como também de acordo com um sistema de remuneração ao produtor adotado por laticínios na região do estudo. Os resultados revelaram diferença entre os grupos (P 0.05), sendo que o teor de gordura foi maior no outono, a proteína e CBT foram maiores no inverno e CCS apresentou os maiores índices no verão. Conforme os critérios estabelecidos pela legislação, o principal problema observado foi associado a CBT, sendo que no inverno foram observadas as maiores contagens e, no verão, a maior porcentagem de amostras fora do padrão preconizado pela legislação. Com base na remuneração por qualidade, a composição centesimal resultou para a maioria dos produtores em bonificação no preço do leite pago ao produtor, e a CBT foi a principal responsável pela diminuição do preço final.(AU)

The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of seasonal changes on milk quality in Western Santa Catarina, Brazil. Dairy farms (799) had raw milk samples (9144) collected and analyzed for fat, protein, SCC (somatic cell count) and TBC (total bacterial count). Samples were collected from cooling tanks on the farm during the months of October 2009 to September 2010 and grouped into four seasons (summer, autumn, winter, and spring). The data were classified according to the normative instructions 51 and 62 the Ministerial of Agriculture, and also according to a quality pay system adopted by the dairy industry in the region of the study. The results revealed differences between groups (P 0.05), where fat content was higher in autumn, protein and TBC were higher in winter and SCC showed the highest rates in the summer. According to the criteria established by legislation, the main quality problem was the TBC, with higher counts in the winter, and in the summer we observed the highest percentage of non-compliant samples. For the quality payment system, chemical composition resulted on better prices to be paid to producers, while TBC was primarily responsible lower price.(AU)

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A study was conducted to evaluate the use of macro ingredients as markers of the quality of mixed feeds. Were used: popcorn grain, sorghum, millet, rice colored and purple corn grinded (0.5% added to the diet, substituting grind corn) and coarse limestone sieved through sieve nº 10 ABNT with 2 mm (added in 0.5% in the diet, substituting finely ground limestone). Microtracer F-Red was used as a method of reference. It was used a Y-type mixer (capacity of 5,000 cm3), and produced 1 kg of feed per repetition. It was adopted six mixing times (10 seconds, 1, 6, 11, 16 and 21 minutes) and five particle size of corn (386, 513, 610, 731 and 839 ?m), amounting 30 treatments with three repetitions for each treatment. Where collected 12 samples, for each replicate, to measurement of the markers and determination of the coefficient of variation (CV). A quadratic effect with minimum point for the CV was observed for all markers with the increasing of the mixing time. There was no effect of the particle size of corn for the coefficients of variation of coarse limestone and millet. There was a quadratic response of the particle size of corn for the coefficients of variation of purple corn and popcorn grain and linear effect for the colored rice, sorghum and reference method. The particle size of corn changed the time needed to reduce the CV of the markers: colored rice, milled purple corn,popcorn, sorghum and microtracer. The use ofalternative markers has shown that it is a promising tool for the determination of the optimum mixingtime, especially millet and limestone, that showed the highest correlations with the reference method.(AU)

Foi conduzido um trabalho para avaliar o uso de macro ingredientes como indicadores da qualidade de mistura de rações. Foram utilizados: milho pipoca, sorgo, milheto, arroz colorido, milho roxo moído (adicionados em 0,5% na ração, em substituição ao milho moído) e o calcário grosso peneirado em peneira ABNT nº10 com dois milímetros de diâmetro das malhas (adicionado em 0,5% na ração, em substituição ao calcário finamente moído). Como método referência utilizou-se microtracer F-Red. Foi utilizado um misturador tipo Y (capacidade de 5.000 cm3) e fabricado 1 kg de ração para cada repetição. Foram utilizados seis tempos de mistura (10 segundos; 1; 6; 11; 16 e 21 minutos) e cinco diâmetros geométricos médios do milho (386; 513; 610; 731 e 839 ?m) totalizando 30 tratamentos, com três repetições por tratamento. Foram coletadas 12 amostras, para cada unidade experimental, para a contagem dos indicadores e determinação do coeficiente de variação (CV). Houve efeito quadrático com ponto de mínimo para os CV de todos os indicadores com o aumento do tempo de mistura. Não houve efeito do diâmetro geométrico médio do milho para os CV do calcário grosso e milheto. Houve efeito quadrático do diâmetro geométrico médio do milho para os CV do milho roxo e milho pipoca e efeito linear para o arroz colorido, sorgo e para o método referência. A granulometria do milho alterou o tempo necessário para reduzir o CV dos indicadores: arroz colorido, milho roxo moído,milho pipoca, sorgo e microtracer. A utilização de indicadores alternativos se mostrou promissora comoferramenta para determinação dos tempos ideais de mistura, com destaque para o milheto e o calcário,pois apresentaram as maiores correlações com o método referência.(AU)

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This study aims to investigate the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in goats from the Western Santa Catarina, Brazil. Twenty four farms were analyzed in 17 different municipalities. Animals (n=217) from different production purposes (milk and meat) and age were randomly chosen. Fecal samples were collected from the rectum stored in plastic bottles and transported to the laboratory in portable coolers at 10 °C. The technique of centrifugal flotation with saturated sugar solution was carried out in order to investigate the presence of eggs, cysts, and oocysts of gastrointestinal parasites. In 88.9% of the investigated animals, it was observed that the presence of nematode eggs which belongs to the Strongylida order, after cultivation and larvae identification were identified as Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Teladorsagia spp., Cooperia spp., and Oesophagostomum spp. Eggs of Thysanosoma, Trichuris, Moniezia, and Neoascaris genus were also observed. Additionally, the presence of oocysts of Eimeria spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. as well as cysts of Giardia spp., and Entamoeba spp. were verified. In all the farms evaluated, the animals showed a single or mixed infection, with the highest occurrence of helminths belonging to the Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus genus, as well as the protozoan Eimeria.

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This study aims to investigate the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in goats from the Western Santa Catarina, Brazil. Twenty four farms were analyzed in 17 different municipalities. Animals (n=217) from different production purposes (milk and meat) and age were randomly chosen. Fecal samples were collected from the rectum stored in plastic bottles and transported to the laboratory in portable coolers at 10 °C. The technique of centrifugal flotation with saturated sugar solution was carried out in order to investigate the presence of eggs, cysts, and oocysts of gastrointestinal parasites. In 88.9% of the investigated animals, it was observed that the presence of nematode eggs which belongs to the Strongylida order, after cultivation and larvae identification were identified as Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Teladorsagia spp., Cooperia spp., and Oesophagostomum spp. Eggs of Thysanosoma, Trichuris, Moniezia, and Neoascaris genus were also observed. Additionally, the presence of oocysts of Eimeria spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. as well as cysts of Giardia spp., and Entamoeba spp. were verified. In all the farms evaluated, the animals showed a single or mixed infection, with the highest occurrence of helminths belonging to the Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus genus, as well as the protozoan Eimeria.

O presente estudo objetivou investigar a ocorrência de parasitas gastrointestinais que infectam caprinos na região Oeste de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foram analisadas 24 propriedades localizadas em 17 municípios, totalizando 217 caprinos. Os animais de diferentes categorias de produção (leite ou carne) e idade foram escolhidos aleatoriamente. A coleta das fezes foi realizada diretamente da ampola retal dos animais, armazenadas em frascos plásticos e transportadas para o laboratório em caixas térmicas a 10 °C. A técnica de centrífugo-flutuação com solução saturada de açúcar foi utilizada para pesquisar a presença de ovos, cistos e oocistos de parasitos. Em 88,9% dos animais analisados foi verificada a presença de ovos de nematóides da ordem Strongylida e, após cultivo, foram identificadas larvas de Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Teladorsagia spp., Cooperia spp. e Oesophagostomum spp. Foram identificados também ovos de parasitos dos gêneros Thysanosoma, Trichuris, Moniezia e Neoascaris. A presença de oocistos de Eimeria spp. e Cryptosporidium spp., e cistos de Giardia spp., e Entamoeba spp. foram observadas. Em todas as propriedades avaliadas, os animais apresentavam infecções simples ou mistas, sendo a maior ocorrência de helmintos do gênero Haemonchus e Trichostrongylus, assim como pelo protozoário Eimeria.

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This study aims to investigate the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in goats from the Western Santa Catarina, Brazil. Twenty four farms were analyzed in 17 different municipalities. Animals (n=217) from different production purposes (milk and meat) and age were randomly chosen. Fecal samples were collected from the rectum stored in plastic bottles and transported to the laboratory in portable coolers at 10 °C. The technique of centrifugal flotation with saturated sugar solution was carried out in order to investigate the presence of eggs, cysts, and oocysts of gastrointestinal parasites. In 88.9% of the investigated animals, it was observed that the presence of nematode eggs which belongs to the Strongylida order, after cultivation and larvae identification were identified as Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Teladorsagia spp., Cooperia spp., and Oesophagostomum spp. Eggs of Thysanosoma, Trichuris, Moniezia, and Neoascaris genus were also observed. Additionally, the presence of oocysts of Eimeria spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. as well as cysts of Giardia spp., and Entamoeba spp. were verified. In all the farms evaluated, the animals showed a single or mixed infection, with the highest occurrence of helminths belonging to the Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus genus, as well as the protozoan Eimeria.

O presente estudo objetivou investigar a ocorrência de parasitas gastrointestinais que infectam caprinos na região Oeste de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foram analisadas 24 propriedades localizadas em 17 municípios, totalizando 217 caprinos. Os animais de diferentes categorias de produção (leite ou carne) e idade foram escolhidos aleatoriamente. A coleta das fezes foi realizada diretamente da ampola retal dos animais, armazenadas em frascos plásticos e transportadas para o laboratório em caixas térmicas a 10 °C. A técnica de centrífugo-flutuação com solução saturada de açúcar foi utilizada para pesquisar a presença de ovos, cistos e oocistos de parasitos. Em 88,9% dos animais analisados foi verificada a presença de ovos de nematóides da ordem Strongylida e, após cultivo, foram identificadas larvas de Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Teladorsagia spp., Cooperia spp. e Oesophagostomum spp. Foram identificados também ovos de parasitos dos gêneros Thysanosoma, Trichuris, Moniezia e Neoascaris. A presença de oocistos de Eimeria spp. e Cryptosporidium spp., e cistos de Giardia spp., e Entamoeba spp. foram observadas. Em todas as propriedades avaliadas, os animais apresentavam infecções simples ou mistas, sendo a maior ocorrência de helmintos do gênero Haemonchus e Trichostrongylus, assim como pelo protozoário Eimeria.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the lipid supplementation on finishing of Red Norte young bulls in the meat qualitative characteristics. Twenty seven young bulls with at initial average weight of 317± 33kg were used, according with the diets: no lipid supplementation (SSL), supplemented with soybeans oil (SOS) and supplemented with fry oil (SOF). The experiment lasted 112 days, being 28 days was for adaptation to experimental diets. The animals received ad libitum diets to average daily gain of 1,5kg and were slaughtered in industrial slaughterhouse. The chemical composition and the cholesterol of the meat and the subcutaneous fat were not influenced by treatments (P>0,05).

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito da suplementação lipídica na terminação de tourinhos Red Norte sobre as características qualitativas da carne. Foram utilizados 27 tourinhos com peso corporal inicial médio de 317 ± 33kg, submetidos as seguintes dietas: sem suplementação lipídica (SSL); suplementados com óleo de soja (SOS) e suplementados com óleo de fritura (SOF). A duração do experimento foi de 112 dias, sendo 28 dias de adaptação e 84 dias experimentais. Os animais receberam dieta ad libitum, para ganho médio diário de 1,5kg e foram abatidos em frigorífico industrial. A composição centesimal e o colesterol da carne, e da gordura subcutânea não foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos (P>0,05).

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A study was conducted to evaluate the use of macro ingredients as markers of the quality of mixed feeds. Were used: popcorn grain, sorghum, millet, rice colored and purple corn grinded (0.5% added to the diet, substituting grind corn) and coarse limestone sieved through sieve nº 10 ABNT with 2 mm (added in 0.5% in the diet, substituting finely ground limestone). Microtracer F-Red was used as a method of reference. It was used a Y-type mixer (capacity of 5,000 cm3), and produced 1 kg of feed per repetition. It was adopted six mixing times (10 seconds, 1, 6, 11, 16 and 21 minutes) and five particle size of corn (386, 513, 610, 731 and 839 ?m), amounting 30 treatments with three repetitions for each treatment. Where collected 12 samples, for each replicate, to measurement of the markers and determination of the coefficient of variation (CV). A quadratic effect with minimum point for the CV was observed for all markers with the increasing of the mixing time. There was no effect of the particle size of corn for the coefficients of variation of coarse limestone and millet. There was a quadratic response of the particle size of corn for the coefficients of variation of purple corn and popcorn grain and linear effect for the colored rice, sorghum and reference method. The particle size of corn changed the time needed to reduce the CV of the markers: colored rice, milled purple corn,popcorn, sorghum and microtracer. The use ofalternative markers has shown that it is a promising tool for the determination of the optimum mixingtime, especially millet and limestone, that showed the highest correlations with the reference method.

Foi conduzido um trabalho para avaliar o uso de macro ingredientes como indicadores da qualidade de mistura de rações. Foram utilizados: milho pipoca, sorgo, milheto, arroz colorido, milho roxo moído (adicionados em 0,5% na ração, em substituição ao milho moído) e o calcário grosso peneirado em peneira ABNT nº10 com dois milímetros de diâmetro das malhas (adicionado em 0,5% na ração, em substituição ao calcário finamente moído). Como método referência utilizou-se microtracer F-Red. Foi utilizado um misturador tipo Y (capacidade de 5.000 cm3) e fabricado 1 kg de ração para cada repetição. Foram utilizados seis tempos de mistura (10 segundos; 1; 6; 11; 16 e 21 minutos) e cinco diâmetros geométricos médios do milho (386; 513; 610; 731 e 839 ?m) totalizando 30 tratamentos, com três repetições por tratamento. Foram coletadas 12 amostras, para cada unidade experimental, para a contagem dos indicadores e determinação do coeficiente de variação (CV). Houve efeito quadrático com ponto de mínimo para os CV de todos os indicadores com o aumento do tempo de mistura. Não houve efeito do diâmetro geométrico médio do milho para os CV do calcário grosso e milheto. Houve efeito quadrático do diâmetro geométrico médio do milho para os CV do milho roxo e milho pipoca e efeito linear para o arroz colorido, sorgo e para o método referência. A granulometria do milho alterou o tempo necessário para reduzir o CV dos indicadores: arroz colorido, milho roxo moído,milho pipoca, sorgo e microtracer. A utilização de indicadores alternativos se mostrou promissora comoferramenta para determinação dos tempos ideais de mistura, com destaque para o milheto e o calcário,pois apresentaram as maiores correlações com o método referência.

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O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar as variações sazonais da qualidade do leite no oeste de Santa Catarina de acordo com as estações do ano. Utilizaram-se dados de 799 produtores de leite de uma cooperativa do Oeste Catarinense, considerando os teores de gordura, proteína, CCS (contagem de células somáticas) e CBT (contagem bacteriana total) de 9144 amostras de leite cru, coletadas diretamente dos tanques de resfriamento do produtor, durante os meses de outubro de 2009 a setembro de 2010. Os dados foram agrupados em quatro estações do ano (verão, outono, inverno e primavera). Para as quatro estações do ano, os dados também foram classificados segundo as instruções normativas IN 51 e IN 62 do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, como também de acordo com um sistema de remuneração ao produtor adotado por laticínios na região do estudo. Os resultados revelaram diferença entre os grupos (P 0.05), sendo que o teor de gordura foi maior no outono, a proteína e CBT foram maiores no inverno e CCS apresentou os maiores índices no verão. Conforme os critérios estabelecidos pela legislação, o principal problema observado foi associado a CBT, sendo que no inverno foram observadas as maiores contagens e, no verão, a maior porcentagem de amostras fora do padrão preconizado pela legislação. Com base na remuneração por qualidade, a composição centesimal resultou para a maioria dos produtores em bonificação no preço do leite pago ao produtor, e a CBT foi a principal responsável pela diminuição do preço final.

The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of seasonal changes on milk quality in Western Santa Catarina, Brazil. Dairy farms (799) had raw milk samples (9144) collected and analyzed for fat, protein, SCC (somatic cell count) and TBC (total bacterial count). Samples were collected from cooling tanks on the farm during the months of October 2009 to September 2010 and grouped into four seasons (summer, autumn, winter, and spring). The data were classified according to the normative instructions 51 and 62 the Ministerial of Agriculture, and also according to a quality pay system adopted by the dairy industry in the region of the study. The results revealed differences between groups (P 0.05), where fat content was higher in autumn, protein and TBC were higher in winter and SCC showed the highest rates in the summer. According to the criteria established by legislation, the main quality problem was the TBC, with higher counts in the winter, and in the summer we observed the highest percentage of non-compliant samples. For the quality payment system, chemical composition resulted on better prices to be paid to producers, while TBC was primarily responsible lower price.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the lipid supplementation on finishing of Red Norte young bulls in the meat qualitative characteristics. Twenty seven young bulls with at initial average weight of 317± 33kg were used, according with the diets: no lipid supplementation (SSL), supplemented with soybeans oil (SOS) and supplemented with fry oil (SOF). The experiment lasted 112 days, being 28 days was for adaptation to experimental diets. The animals received ad libitum diets to average daily gain of 1,5kg and were slaughtered in industrial slaughterhouse. The chemical composition and the cholesterol of the meat and the subcutaneous fat were not influenced by treatments (P>0,05).(AU)

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito da suplementação lipídica na terminação de tourinhos Red Norte sobre as características qualitativas da carne. Foram utilizados 27 tourinhos com peso corporal inicial médio de 317 ± 33kg, submetidos as seguintes dietas: sem suplementação lipídica (SSL); suplementados com óleo de soja (SOS) e suplementados com óleo de fritura (SOF). A duração do experimento foi de 112 dias, sendo 28 dias de adaptação e 84 dias experimentais. Os animais receberam dieta ad libitum, para ganho médio diário de 1,5kg e foram abatidos em frigorífico industrial. A composição centesimal e o colesterol da carne, e da gordura subcutânea não foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos (P>0,05).(AU)

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristic of carcass and commercial meat cuts from Red Norte young bulls finished in feedlot supplemented with fry and soybeans oil. Twenty seven Red Norte animals at initial average weight of 317 ± 33kg were used. The animals received ad libitum feed with concentrate:roughage ratio of 40:60, being: control diet; supplementation with soybeans oil and supplementation with fry oil, during 112 days, from which 28 days were for adaptation, and slaughtered with 481,0; 488,7 e 462,6kg to treatments control, supplemented with soybeans oil and with fry oil respectively. The subcutaneous fat thickness (FT) and longissimus muscle area (LMA) were measured between the 12th e 13th ribs. The supplementation with lipids sources did not influence the final weight, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, LMA, FT, losses by cooling, weight and yield of the forequarter, hindquarter and spare ribs cuts. However the carcass dressing was lower to animals supplemented with soybeans oil. The final pH was higher (P<0,01) to carcasses of the animals supplemented with fry oil, and the final temperature (P<0,02) was higher to animals supplemented with lipids than to animals without supplementation. The lipid supplementation used to young bulls in feedlot did not influence the carcass characteristics. However, animals supplemented with fry oil presented DFD meat, whereas animals supplemented with soybeans oil had lower dressing carcass.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as características de carcaça e cortes comerciais de tourinhos Red Norte suplementados com óleos de fritura e de soja terminados em confinamento. Utilizaram-se 27 animais Red Norte com peso corporal inicial médio de 317 ± 33kg. Os animais receberam ração ad libitum com relação volumoso:concentrado 40:60, sendo: dieta controle; suplementados com óleo de soja e suplementados com óleo de fritura, durante 112 dias, sendo 28 dias de adaptação, e abatidos com 481,0; 488,7 e 462,6kg para os tratamentos controle, suplementados com óleo de soja e óleo de fritura respectivamente. A espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGS) e a área de olho de lombo (AOL) foram medidas entre a 12a e 13a costelas. A suplementação com fontes lipídicas não influenciaram o peso final, peso de carcaça quente, peso de carcaça fria, AOL, EGS, perdas por resfriamento, pesos e rendimentos dos cortes dianteiro, traseiro especial e ponta de agulha. Entretanto o rendimento de carcaça foi menor para animais suplementados com óleo de soja. O pH final foi maior (P<0,01) para as carcaças dos animais suplementados com óleo de fritura, e a temperatura final (P<0,02), foi maior para os animais com suplementação lipídica em relação aos animais sem suplementação. A suplementação lipídica utilizada para tourinhos em confinamento não influenciou as características de carcaça. Entretanto, animais suplementados com óleo de fritura apresentaram carne DFD, enquanto os animais suplementados com óleo de soja apresentaram menor rendimento de carcaça.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristic of carcass and commercial meat cuts from Red Norte young bulls finished in feedlot supplemented with fry and soybeans oil. Twenty seven Red Norte animals at initial average weight of 317 ± 33kg were used. The animals received ad libitum feed with concentrate:roughage ratio of 40:60, being: control diet; supplementation with soybeans oil and supplementation with fry oil, during 112 days, from which 28 days were for adaptation, and slaughtered with 481,0; 488,7 e 462,6kg to treatments control, supplemented with soybeans oil and with fry oil respectively. The subcutaneous fat thickness (FT) and longissimus muscle area (LMA) were measured between the 12th e 13th ribs. The supplementation with lipids sources did not influence the final weight, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, LMA, FT, losses by cooling, weight and yield of the forequarter, hindquarter and spare ribs cuts. However the carcass dressing was lower to animals supplemented with soybeans oil. The final pH was higher (P<0,01) to carcasses of the animals supplemented with fry oil, and the final temperature (P<0,02) was higher to animals supplemented with lipids than to animals without supplementation. The lipid supplementation used to young bulls in feedlot did not influence the carcass characteristics. However, animals supplemented with fry oil presented DFD meat, whereas animals supplemented with soybeans oil had lower dressing carcass.(AU)

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as características de carcaça e cortes comerciais de tourinhos Red Norte suplementados com óleos de fritura e de soja terminados em confinamento. Utilizaram-se 27 animais Red Norte com peso corporal inicial médio de 317 ± 33kg. Os animais receberam ração ad libitum com relação volumoso:concentrado 40:60, sendo: dieta controle; suplementados com óleo de soja e suplementados com óleo de fritura, durante 112 dias, sendo 28 dias de adaptação, e abatidos com 481,0; 488,7 e 462,6kg para os tratamentos controle, suplementados com óleo de soja e óleo de fritura respectivamente. A espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGS) e a área de olho de lombo (AOL) foram medidas entre a 12a e 13a costelas. A suplementação com fontes lipídicas não influenciaram o peso final, peso de carcaça quente, peso de carcaça fria, AOL, EGS, perdas por resfriamento, pesos e rendimentos dos cortes dianteiro, traseiro especial e ponta de agulha. Entretanto o rendimento de carcaça foi menor para animais suplementados com óleo de soja. O pH final foi maior (P<0,01) para as carcaças dos animais suplementados com óleo de fritura, e a temperatura final (P<0,02), foi maior para os animais com suplementação lipídica em relação aos animais sem suplementação. A suplementação lipídica utilizada para tourinhos em confinamento não influenciou as características de carcaça. Entretanto, animais suplementados com óleo de fritura apresentaram carne DFD, enquanto os animais suplementados com óleo de soja apresentaram menor rendimento de carcaça.(AU)

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Lice infestations are commonly seen in buffaloes, causing damage directly to the animal, i.e., itching, skin lesions, and anemia. In addition, these insects can also be vectors for infectious diseases. The present study describes an outbreak of lice in buffaloes as well as evidence for Haematopinus tuberculatus acting as a vector of anaplasmosis. Lice and blood were collected from 4 young buffaloes (2- to 4-mo-old) and a molecular analysis for the presence of Anaplasma marginale was conducted. DNA of A. marginale was detected in the blood of all 4 animals. Twelve lice were collected and separated in 4 groups, with 3 insects each, to comprise a pool of samples. After DNA extraction and molecular analysis, a positive PCR for A. marginale was found in all pooled samples. These results identify sucking lice as potential vectors of anaplasmosis. However, additional studies are necessary to fully evaluate the vector potential of H. tuberculatus for A. maginale transmission.

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