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PURPOSE: Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a medium-chain fatty acid source with popularly attributed benefits on obesity management. However, its role on obesity requires elucidation due to its saturated nature. In the study herein, we investigated acute effects of VCO consumption on energy metabolism, cardiometabolic risk markers, and appetitive responses in women with excess body fat. METHODS: Fifteen adult women with excess body fat (37.43 ± 0.83%) participated in this randomized, crossover, controlled study. Two isocaloric mixed breakfasts containing 25 mL of VCO or control (extra-virgin olive oil-C) were evaluated. Resting energy expenditure (REE), fat oxidation rate (FOR), diet induced thermogenesis (DIT) and appetitive subjective responses were assessed at fasting and postprandial periods (up to 240 min). Cardiometabolic risk markers were assessed at fasting and up to 180 min postprandially. RESULTS: VCO did not affect REE, FOR, and DIT compared to C. In addition, VCO did not cause deleterious change in triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides/HDL-c ratio, uric acid, glucose and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA-IR) (P time×treatment > 0.05). However, VCO suppressed less hunger (P time×treatment = 0.003), total satiety (P iAUC = 0.021) and total fullness (P iAUC = 0.035) responses than C. CONCLUSIONS: VCO consumption did not acutely change energy metabolism and cardiometabolic risk markers when added to a mixed breakfast but promoted less appetitive responses.

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There is a growing mortality related to co-morbidities associated with diabetes mellitus. Intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has been associated with low cardiometabolic risk and reduction of inflammatory process. The objective of this paper is to review the impact of PUFA intake on glycemic control in diabetic patients as well as to elucidate the possible mechanisms involved. Medline/PubMed electronic database was searched to identify studies published within last five years regarding the effect of PUFA intake on glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetics. The search terms used were "polyunsaturated fatty acid(s)," "PUFA," and "diabetes." We included only interventional studies that assessed the effects of PUFA intake on glucose metabolism - fasting glucose, serum insulin, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR assessment- in type 2 diabetics. Initially, 48 articles were identified, of which one was not available and 41 did not match the inclusion criteria. Within the selected studies, three articles showed an improvement in fasting blood glucose, two showed an increase in fasting glycemia, and there was no effect of intervention in one article only. Based on the analyzed clinical interventional studies, supplementation of 0.42-5.2-g PUFA/day for at least eight weeks may become an alternative treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly in Asian subjects.

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Esta revisão teve como objetivo apresentar e discutir os achados mais recentes do efeito dos ácidos graxos monoinsaturados (AGMI) sobre marcadores plasmáticos do metabolismo lipídico em estudos pós-prandiais e de intervenção clínica nutricional. Realizou-se busca em diferentes bases de dados entre 2010 e 2014, usando os seguintes termos de indexação: MUFA, Lipemia, Lipid Metabolism, Triglycerides e Postprandial. O consumo de refeição com alto conteúdo de AGMI tem demonstrado efeito benéfico na resposta lipidêmica pós-prandial, mas se essa resposta pode ser alterada em indivíduos com excesso de peso e/ou outras doenças crônicas após consumo de AGMI, ainda não está totalmente elucidado. De modo geral, após a intervenção com AGMI, os fatores de risco cardiovascular diminuíram, além de haver melhora no perfil lipídico. Em conclusão, os estudos recentes têm demonstrado um efeito benéfico do consumo de AGMI em curto e longo prazos, mediante aumento/manutenção das concentrações de HDL colesterol e diminuição do LDL colesterol.

The objective of this review is to present and discuss the most recent findings related to the effects of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) on plasma markers of lipid metabolism observed in postprandial studies and clinical nutritional intervention studies. Searches were conducted on several different databases for publications from 2010 to 2014 using the following keywords: MUFA, Lipemia, Lipid Metabolism, Triglycerides and Postprandial. High-MUFA meal has presented beneficial effect on postprandial lipidemia response, but it is not yet completely clear whether this response to MUFA intake may be different in people with excess weight and/or other chronic diseases. In general, cardiovascular risk factors were reduced and lipid profiles improved after interventions with MUFA. In conclusion, recent studies have demonstrated that consuming MUFA has beneficial effects at short and long time by increasing/maintaining HDL-cholesterol concentrations and reducing levels of LDL cholesterol.

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Fundamentos: O uso do fenótipo cintura hipertrigliceridêmica (FCH) tem sido sugerido como ferramenta de adoção simples e de baixo custo na identificação precoce do risco Cardiometabólico. Objetivo: Avaliar a possível associação entre o FCH e outros fatores de risco em pacientes dislipidêmicos atendidos no Programa de Atenção à Saúde Cardiovascular da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (PROCARDIO-UFV).Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal, incluindo 171 indivíduos (102 mulheres e 69 homens) entre 28-57 anos. Dados sociodemográficos, antropométricos e de composição corporal, concentrações plasmáticas de glicose, colesterol total e frações e de triacilgliceróis e pressão arterial foram obtidos mediante dados dos prontuários do PROCARDIO-UFV. Resultados: A prevalência de FCH nos pacientes dislipidêmicos foi 37,6%, associada à ocorrência de obesidade abdominal em 85,3% e de hipertrigliceridemia em 46,2%. A ocorrência de obesidade pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC) (p=0,001) e gordura corporal (p=0,003), bem como hiperglicemia (p=0,047) e a alteração da pressão arterial diastólica (p=0,040) foi maior naqueles indivíduos com FCH. Conclusões: Os achados do presente estudo indicam que o FCH pode ser um indicador precoce de risco cardiometabólico, comparado ao uso isolado de obesidade abdominal e/ou dislipidemias.

Background: Use of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (HWP) has been suggested as a low-cost tool that is simple to adopt for early identification of cardiometabolic risk. Objective: To evaluate a possible association between the HWP and other risk factors in dyslipidemic patients seen under the Cardiovascular Healthcare Program at Universidade Federal de Viçosa (PROCARDIO – UFV).Methods: This cross-sectional observational study assessed 171 subjects (102 women and 69 men) between 28 and 57 years old. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and body composition data were obtained, as well as plasma glucose concentrations, triacylglycerols, cholesterol (total and fractions) and blood pressure data were obtained from the patient records of this Program.Results: The prevalence of HWP among dyslipidemic patients was 37.6%, associated with abdominal obesity at 85.3% and hypertriglyceridemia at 46.2%. The occurrence of obesity by BMI (p=0.001), body fat (p=0.003), hyperglycemia (p=0.047) and changes in diastolic blood pressure (p=0.040) was higher in subjects with HWP.Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that HWP may be an early indicator of cardiometabolic risk, compared to the stand-alone use of abdominal obesity and/or dyslipidemias.

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Education to promote health has traditionally been based on knowledge transmission methodologies. However, the current scenario calls for the training of professionals with a critical-reflective profile, who are able to work in teams. We present the report of an innovative experience using the construction of collective portfolios as instruments of learning, changing attitudes and training of undergraduates, in a traditional subject-based curriculum structure context. It is a descriptive exploratory study, with a qualitative-quantitative approach, based on analysis of collective portfolios (n=9), built by Health Policy students, together with an open questionnaire to students who attended the course (n=58) and also the staging of focus groups (n=3). The use of collective portfolios mobilized students in critical and reflective thinking on Brazilian health policy - the Unified Health System - broadening the concept on the health-disease process and practices related to health services, prioritizing teamwork and the active search for knowledge building, stressing the exercise of otherness, resilience and empowerment.

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Tradicionalmente, a educação em saúde se baseia em metodologias de transmissão de conhecimentos. Porém, agora se exige a formação de profissionais com perfil crítico-reflexivo e capazes de trabalhar em equipes. O que requer novas metodologias de ensino-aprendizagem, tendo na problematização um instrumento de transformação. É relatada experiência utilizando a construção de portfólios coletivos na aprendizagem, como mudança de atitudes e na avaliação de alunos de graduação, em contexto de estrutura curricular tradicional e por disciplinas. Estudo exploratório descritivo, com abordagem quali-quantitativa, fundamentado na análise de portfólios coletivos (n= 9), construídos pelos acadêmicos da disciplina Políticas de Saúde, complementado com a aplicação de um questionário aberto aos alunos (n=58) e com a realização de grupos focais (n=3). Os portfólios coletivos mobilizaram o pensamento crítico-reflexivo sobre a política do Sistema Único de Saúde, ampliando a concepção sobre o processo saúde-doença e as práticas relacionadas aos serviços de saúde, valorizando o trabalho em equipe e a busca ativa na construção do conhecimento, destacando-se os exercícios da alteridade, resiliência e empoderamento.

Education to promote health has traditionally been based on knowledge transmission methodologies. However, the current scenario calls for the training of professionals with a critical-reflective profile, who are able to work in teams. We present the report of an innovative experience using the construction of collective portfolios as instruments of learning, changing attitudes and training of undergraduates, in a traditional subject-based curriculum structure context. It is a descriptive exploratory study, with a qualitative-quantitative approach, based on analysis of collective portfolios (n=9), built by Health Policy students, together with an open questionnaire to students who attended the course (n=58) and also the staging of focus groups (n=3). The use of collective portfolios mobilized students in critical and reflective thinking on Brazilian health policy - the Unified Health System - broadening the concept on the health-disease process and practices related to health services, prioritizing teamwork and the active search for knowledge building, stressing the exercise of otherness, resilience and empowerment.

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Este é um estudo qualitativo que se refere à relação da rede social e a amamentação. Como fundamentação teórica, utilizou-se a Teoria da Rede Social de Sanicola, bem como a Teoria das Representações Sociais descrita por Moscovici e Minayo. Participaram do estudo mães, pais e avós, de crianças até dois anos, residentes no município de Coimbra-MG. A análise compreensiva da rede social da nutriz revelou que esta pode oferecer apoio/suporte ou não para o sucesso da lactação. Assim sendo, o apoio recebido foi expresso de várias formas: (1) Auxílio nas atividades domésticas; (2) Ajuda nos cuidados com o bebê; (3) Estímulo ao aleitamento; e (4) Orientações e conselhos. Nessa perspectiva, pensar em rede social implica conhecer o contexto sociocultural no qual a mulher-mãe está inserida, ampliando o olhar sobre a lactação, além de fornecer subsídios para a formulação de políticas públicas mais eficazes em prol do aleitamento.

This is a qualitative study resulting from matters involving the nursing mother social system regards to relation between social system and breastfeeding phenomena. The study was based on the social system theory described by Sanicola as well as on the social representations theory described by Moscovici and Minayo. As participants of this study there were mothers, fathers and grandparents of children up to two years old who were living in Coimbra, a city of Minas Gerais state. A comprehensive analysis of nursing mother social system revealed it can or can not give support to breastfeeding success. Thus the support was expressed by different ways such as: 1- housework helping; 2- babysitting; 3- breastfeeding encouragement; 4- orientation and advices. In this way a social system implies realizing which sociocultural context a woman-mother is inserted in. It enlarges the looking over breastfeeding besides giving subsidies to formulate public politics more efficacious in favour of breastfeeding.

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