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Malnutrition is considered one of the major public health problems worldwide and negatively affects the growth, development and learning of schoolchildren. This study developed and evaluated a fermented milk drink with added Umbu (Spondias tuberosa) pulp in the weight gain and renutrition of mice submitted to malnutrition by calorie restriction, and in malnourished children. The supplementation with this fermented milk drink contributed to an increase of 7.2 % in body weight, and 64.3 % in albumin, and a reduction of 35 % in cholesterol in malnourished mice. In humans, a group of nine malnourished children consumed a daily 200 mL serving of the milk drink (for 60 days). For humans, the fermented milk drink allowed an increase of 16.5 % in body weight, and 20.9 % in body mass index in malnourished children. In conclusion, fermented milk drink has a positive effect on the re-nutrition of malnourished mice and helps to improve the nutritional status of malnourished children.

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O livro "Educação Física Menor" problematiza e propõe alternativas diante do chamado currículo cultural ou pós-crítico de Educação Física. Faz isso, a partir de dois gestos: problematizando algumas acepções culturalistas e almejando a singularização ou a minoração das perspectivas "maiores" do componente, a partir de uma conceitualização das filosofias de pensadores como Foucault, Deleuze e Guattari.

The book "Minor Physical Education" problematizes and proposes alternatives to the so-called cultural or post-critical curriculum of Physical Education. It does this from two gestures: problematizing some culturalist acceptations and aiming at the singularization or the minimization of the "major" perspectives of the component, from a conceptualization of the philosophies of thinkers such as Foucault, Deleuze and Guattari.

El libro "Educación Física Menor" problematiza y propone alternativas al llamado currículo cultural o postcrítico de la Educación Física. Lo hace a través de dos gestos: problematizando algunos conceptos culturalistas y apuntando a singularizar o disminuir las perspectivas "mayores" del componente, a partir de una conceptualización de las filosofías de pensadores como Foucault, Deleuze y Guattari.

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The study evaluated the reliability and repeatability of the force and surface electromyography activity (EMG) outcomes obtained through voluntary and electrically evoked contractions of knee extensors in females (n = 18) and males (n = 20) and compared these data between sexes. Maximal isometric voluntary contractions (iMVCs) of knee extensors associated with electrical stimulation of the femoral nerve were performed over 4 days (48-h interval), with the first day involving familiarization procedures, the second involving three trials (1-h interval), and the third and fourth involving just one trial. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), and repeatability of outcomes from within- and between-day trials were determined for each sex. Females presented lower maximal voluntary force during iMVC (iMVCForce) and associated vastus lateralis EMG activity (root mean square, RMSVL), force evoked by potentiated doublet high-frequency (Db100Force) and single stimuli (Qtw), and M-wave amplitude than males (P ≤ 0.01, partial eta squared ≥0.94). Voluntary activation (VA) and RMSVL/M-wave amplitude did not differ between sexes. iMVCForce, VA, Db100Force, Qtw, and M-wave amplitude were the most reliable outcomes in within-day trials, with similar results between sexes (ICC > 0.62; CV < 6.4%; repeatability: 12.2%-22.6%). When investigating between-day trials, the iMVCForce, VA, Db100Force, and Qtw were the most reliable (ICC > 0.66; CV < 7.5%; repeatability: 13.2%-33.45%) with similar results between sexes. In conclusion, females presented lower iMVCForce and evoked response than males. Although reliability and repeatability statistics vary between trials, data (e.g., from EMG or force signal), and sexes, most of the outcomes obtained through this technique are reliable in females and males.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although reliability and repeatability of knee extensors vary according to the type of neuromuscular function outcome (e.g., from force or EMG responses), the trial intervals (i.e., hours or days), and the sex of the participant, most force and EMG outcomes obtained through these neuromuscular assessment protocols present ICC > 0.75, very good CV (<10%), and repeatability <25% in within- and between-day trials in both sexes.

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Caffeic acid is a polyphenolic compound present in a vast array of dietary components. We previously showed that caffeic acid reduces the burden of brain ischemia joining evidence by others that it can attenuate different brain diseases. However, it is unknown if caffeic acid affects information processing in neuronal networks. Thus, we now used electrophysiological recordings in mouse hippocampal slices to test if caffeic acid directly affected synaptic transmission, plasticity and dysfunction caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), an in vitro ischemia model. Caffeic acid (1-10 µM) was devoid of effect on synaptic transmission and paired-pulse facilitation in Schaffer collaterals-CA1 pyramidal synapses. Also, the magnitude of either hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) or the subsequent depotentiation were not significantly modified by 10 µM caffeic acid. However, caffeic acid (10 µM) increased the recovery of synaptic transmission upon re-oxygenation following 7 min of OGD. Furthermore, caffeic acid (10 µM) also recovered plasticity after OGD, as heralded by the increased magnitude of LTP after exposure. These findings show that caffeic acid does not directly affect synaptic transmission and plasticity but can indirectly affect other cellular targets to correct synaptic dysfunction. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms of action of caffeic acid may allow the design of hitherto unrecognized novel neuroprotective strategies.

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O presente artigo, de tipo ensaístico, lança mão daquilo que chama de descrença associada à Educação e, mais especificamente, à Educação Física, para defender as multiplicidades, inspirados pelos escritos de Deleuze e Guattari (2011a, 2011b, 2012a, 2012b). A descrença torna-se uma espécie de primeira fase para a aposta na multiplicidade, visto que ao desacreditar a representação, aquilo que está além dos(as) docentes, dos (as) alunos (as) e da escola, passa-se a crer naquilo que se vive aqui e agora, no território em que se habita. Visando lançar o olhar para os problemas educacionais a fim de rechaçar a representação que assola o pensamento escolar e que faz reverberar os velhos cacoetes necessários ao mercado de trabalho ­ habilidades, competências ­, este texto objetiva instigar uma docência que assuma uma postura cartográfica, mais exploratória e menos decalcadora.

This essay, of an essay type, makes use of what it calls disbelief associated with Education and, more specifically, with Physical Education, to defend multiplicities, inspired by the writings of Deleuze and Guattari (2011a, 2011b, 2012a, 2012b). Disbelief becomes a kind of first phase for the bet on multiplicity, since by discrediting representation, what is beyond the teachers, the students and the school, one starts to believe in what is lives here and now, in the territory in which one inhabits. Aiming to cast a look at educational problems in order to reject the representation that plagues school thinking and that makes the old taunts necessary for the job market ­ skills, competences ­ reverberate, the text aims to instigate a teaching that assumes a cartographic posture, more exploratory and less tracing.

Este ensayo, de tipo ensayístico, se sirve de lo que denomina descreimiento asociado a la Educación y, más concretamente, a la Educación Física, para defender las multiplicidades, inspirándose en los escritos de Deleuze y Guattari (2011a, 2011b, 2012a, 2012b). El descreimiento se convierte en una especie de primera fase para la apuesta por la multiplicidad, ya que al desprestigiar la representación, lo que está más allá de los docentes, los alumnos y la escuela, se pasa a creer en lo que se vive aquí y ahora, en el territorio que se habita. Con el objetivo de lanzar una mirada a los problemas educativos para rechazar la representación que plaga el pensamiento escolar y que hace resonar las viejas burlas necesarias para el mercado de trabajo ­ habilidades, competencias ­, el texto pretende instigar una enseñanza que asume una postura cartográfica, más exploratorio y menos rastreador.

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Objetivo: o artigo em tela visa demonstrar como a pandemia repercutiu no desenvolvimento do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação da Docência (PIBID) de Educação Física em uma Universidade localizada no Sul de Minas Gerais. Para tanto, problematiza os principais pontos recorrentes encontrados nos relatórios de experiências elaborados por pibidianos/as integrantes do subprojeto mencionado. Entre as tendências retratadas, constatou-se enunciados relativos à atuação na escola, com ênfase nos principais desafios encontrados durante o percurso diante do modelo de Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE). Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de análise documental, com quadro teórico desenvolvido a partir de referenciais os quais discutem a pandemia (aqui sendo tratada como sindemia), o ensino remoto e o PIBID. Resultados e discussão: Conforme mencionado, os materiais empíricos foram produzidos a partir dos relatórios de experiências que os discentes entregaram para seus coordenadores ao fim do programa lançado pelo edital N°03/2020. Realizamos a interpretação dos dados utilizando como inspiração o método investigativo do gesto arquivístico em consonância com a atitude crítica. Os resultados indicaram que os pibidianos/as da Educação Física afirmaram se apropriar dos conhecimentos trabalhados no interior do subprojeto, mesmo com a mudança repentina do ensino presencial para o ERE. Conclusão: Os documentos analisados evidenciaram, além disso, enunciados que apontam a eficácia das novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação, quando empregadas de modo responsável e enquanto recurso pedagógico

Objective: The article in question aims to demonstrate how the pandemic had an impact on the development of the Institutional Teaching Initiation Scholarship Program (PIBID) for Physical Education at a University located in the South of Minas Gerais. To this end, it problematizes the main recurring points found in the experience reports prepared by Pibidians members of the mentioned subproject. Among the trends portrayed, statements related to work at school were found, with an emphasis on the main challenges encountered during the journey in the face of the Emergency Remote Education (ERE) model. Methodology: This is documentary analysis research, with a theoretical framework developed from references which discuss the pandemic (here being treated as a syndemic), remote teaching and PIBID. Results and discussion: As mentioned, the empirical materials were produced based on experience reports that Pibidianos delivered to their coordinators at the end of the program launched by notice N°03/2020. We interpret the data using as inspiration the investigative method of the archival gesture in line with the critical attitude. The results revealed that the Physical Education students managed to appropriate the knowledge worked within the subproject, even with the sudden change from face-to-face teaching to ERE. Conclusion: The documents analyzed also showed the effectiveness of new information and communication technologies, when used responsibly and as a pedagogical resource

Objetivo: El artículo en cuestión tiene como objetivo demostrar cómo la pandemia tuvo impacto en el desarrollo del Programa Institucional de Becas de Iniciación a la Docencia (PIBID) en Educación Física en una Universidad ubicada en el Sur de Minas Gerais. Para ello, problematiza los principales puntos recurrentes encontrados en los relatos de experiencia elaborados por los pibidianos miembros del mencionado subproyecto. Entre las tendencias retratadas, se encontraron declaraciones relacionadas con el trabajo en la escuela, con énfasis en los principales desafíos encontrados durante el camino frente al modelo de Educación a Distancia de Emergencia (ERE). Metodología: Se trata de una investigación de análisis documental, con un marco teórico desarrollado a partir de referentes que discuten la pandemia (tratada aquí como sindemia), la enseñanza a distancia y el PIBID. Resultados y discusión: Como se mencionó, los materiales empíricos fueron elaborados a partir de relatos de experiencia que los Pibidianos entregaron a sus coordinadores al finalizar el programa lanzado mediante la convocatoria N°03/2020. Interpretamos los datos inspirándonos en el método investigativo del gesto archivístico en consonancia con la actitud crítica. Los resultados revelaron que los estudiantes de Educación Física lograron apropiarse de los conocimientos trabajados dentro del subproyecto, incluso con el cambio brusco de la docencia presencial al ERE. Conclusión: Los documentos analizados también mostraron la efectividad de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, cuando se utilizan de manera responsable y como recurso pedagógico

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Whey is a by-product of the dairy industry of great importance due to its high nutritional value, and can be used for the manufacture of fermented dairy drinks which, combined with fruit, increase the nutritional value and add characteristic flavors. Therefore, a fermented dairy beverage with caja-mango pulp (Spondias dulcis) was elaborated and its nutritional information as well as the physical-chemical stability were evaluated during storage. The results showed that the nutritional information met the requirements stipulated by the Brazilian legislation. The physical-chemical stability of the dairy fermented drink in terms of pH, acidity, syneresis and sedimentation was influenced by the storage time, possibly associated with uncontrolled factors in this study, such as the initial and final dairy culture concentration of the processed product, protein biodegradation during storage and low solids contents. It is concluded that the elaborated drink constitutes a food source of several nutrients, and may complement the daily diet of children, adolescents and adults, supplying nutritional deficiencies.(AU)

O soro lácteo é um subproduto da indústria de laticínios de grande importância devido ao seu alto valor nutritivo, podendo ser utilizado para fabricação de bebida láctea fermentada que, associada a frutas, aumenta o valor nutricional e agrega sabores característicos. A partir disso, foi elaborada uma bebida láctea fermentada adicionada de polpa de cajá-manga (Spondias dulcis), sendo avaliada sua informação nutricional bem como a estabilidade físico-química, durante o armazenamento. Os resultados mostram que a informação nutricional atendeu os requisitos estipulados pela legislação brasileira. A estabilidade físico-química da bebida, quanto aos parâmetros analisados de pH, acidez, sinerese e sedimentação, sofreu influência pelo o tempo de armazenamento, possivelmente, associados a fatores não controlados neste estudo como a concentração de cultura láctea iniciadora e final do produto elaborado, a biodegradação de proteínas durante a estocagem e baixos teores de sólidos. Conclui-se que a bebida elaborada constitui um alimento fonte de diversos nutrientes, e poderá complementar a alimentação diária de crianças, adolescentes e adultos, suprindo as carências nutricionais.(AU)

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ABSTRACT: Whey is a by-product of the dairy industry of great importance due to its high nutritional value, and can be used for the manufacture of fermented dairy drinks which, combined with fruit, increase the nutritional value and add characteristic flavors. Therefore, a fermented dairy beverage with caja-mango pulp (Spondias dulcis) was elaborated and its nutritional information as well as the physical-chemical stability were evaluated during storage. The results showed that the nutritional information met the requirements stipulated by the Brazilian legislation. The physical-chemical stability of the dairy fermented drink in terms of pH, acidity, syneresis and sedimentation was influenced by the storage time, possibly associated with uncontrolled factors in this study, such as the initial and final dairy culture concentration of the processed product, protein biodegradation during storage and low solids contents. It is concluded that the elaborated drink constitutes a food source of several nutrients, and may complement the daily diet of children, adolescents and adults, supplying nutritional deficiencies.

RESUMO: O soro lácteo é um subproduto da indústria de laticínios de grande importância devido ao seu alto valor nutritivo, podendo ser utilizado para fabricação de bebida láctea fermentada que, associada a frutas, aumenta o valor nutricional e agrega sabores característicos. A partir disso, foi elaborada uma bebida láctea fermentada adicionada de polpa de cajá-manga (Spondias dulcis), sendo avaliada sua informação nutricional bem como a estabilidade físico-química, durante o armazenamento. Os resultados mostram que a informação nutricional atendeu os requisitos estipulados pela legislação brasileira. A estabilidade físico-química da bebida, quanto aos parâmetros analisados de pH, acidez, sinerese e sedimentação, sofreu influência pelo o tempo de armazenamento, possivelmente, associados a fatores não controlados neste estudo como a concentração de cultura láctea iniciadora e final do produto elaborado, a biodegradação de proteínas durante a estocagem e baixos teores de sólidos. Conclui-se que a bebida elaborada constitui um alimento fonte de diversos nutrientes, e poderá complementar a alimentação diária de crianças, adolescentes e adultos, suprindo as carências nutricionais.