RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Performance IQ (PIQ) is often lower than verbal IQ (VIQ) in schizophrenic patients. Whether PIQ < VIQ precedes psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia remains uncertain. METHOD: We investigated premorbid IQ scores in 63 subjects assessed at a child and adolescent psychiatric unit (mean age 13.1 years, SD 3.2), who at follow-up in adulthood (mean age 30.9 years, SD 3.9) received a lifetime RDC diagnosis of schizophrenia-related psychosis, affective disorder, or no psychiatric disorder. RESULTS: Premorbid PIQ < VIQ significantly differentiated the groups with schizophrenia-related psychosis and no psychiatric disorder. Subjects with schizophrenia-related psychosis had a significantly lower mean value for premorbid PIQ, but not VIQ, compared to subjects who developed affective disorder or subjects without psychiatric disorder. CONCLUSION: Our results emphasize premorbid intellectual deficits in schizophrenia. Those deficits might largely be in consequence of an impairment on the PIQ scale.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos del Conocimiento/psicología , Inteligencia , Psicología del Esquizofrénico , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Conducta VerbalRESUMEN
The positive (perceptual-cognitive) and negative (social-interpersonal) dimensions of schizotypal personality traits were examined in biological relatives of individuals with Axis I disorder. The subjects were young adult offspring from three contrasting parental groups, including schizophrenic disorder, affective disorder, and normal controls. Cognitive correlates, including digit span (presumed to assess working memory) and P3 amplitudes, were also examined. Preliminary results showed that positive and negative dimensions were distinguished by different prevalence patterns in the offspring subjects, and by a different pattern of correlations with cognitive measures. Negative dimensions were more frequent in offspring from the schizophrenic parental group than in the offspring from affective disorder and normal control parental groups. Digits forward and backward, and P3 amplitude decrements, characterized a subset of offspring with negative features from the schizophrenic parental group. Positive dimensions did not differ between the psychiatric parental groups, and did not covary with digit span or P3 amplitude assessments. These results support the view that positive and negative dimensions may reflect separable pathophysiologic processes.
Asunto(s)
Manifestaciones Neuroconductuales/clasificación , Trastornos de la Percepción/diagnóstico , Trastorno de la Personalidad Esquizotípica/diagnóstico , Ajuste Social , Adulto , Corteza Cerebral/fisiopatología , Potenciales Evocados Auditivos/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Memoria a Corto Plazo/fisiología , Trastornos del Humor/clasificación , Trastornos del Humor/diagnóstico , Trastornos del Humor/genética , Trastornos de la Percepción/clasificación , Trastornos de la Percepción/genética , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Psicometría , Factores de Riesgo , Esquizofrenia/clasificación , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Esquizofrenia/genética , Trastorno de la Personalidad Esquizotípica/clasificación , Trastorno de la Personalidad Esquizotípica/genética , Aprendizaje Seriado/fisiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Admissions to an acute care psychiatric hospital were studied to determine what proportion of admissions were for HIV-related psychiatric disturbances, what evidence exists that the HIV-related admissions constitute a new population of psychiatric inpatients, and whether any psychiatric variables distinguish patients with HIV-related disorders from patients without such disorders. METHODS: Charts for 2,094 consecutive admissions to the hospital in a three-year period were reviewed. Chi square analyses and t tests were used to compare various groups of HIV-related admissions and non-HIV-related admissions on sociodemographic characteristics, length of stay, history of psychiatric hospitalization, and other clinical measures. RESULTS: One-hundred and sixty-three admissions (7.8 percent of the total admissions) were judged to be HIV related. The largest category of HIV-related admissions, nearly half, were patients experiencing functional or psychological complications of HIV infection or risk. AIDS-phobic patients, who expressed irrational concerns about infection, accounted for 20.2 percent, and patients with organic manifestations for 18.4 percent. If the AIDS-phobic, HIV-bereaved, and factitious HIV-positive admissions were excluded, the rate of HIV-related admissions was 5.2 percent. CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatric hospitals can expect a significant but not overwhelming number of HIV-related admissions.
Asunto(s)
Seropositividad para VIH , Hospitales Psiquiátricos , Trastornos Mentales/rehabilitación , Admisión del Paciente , Adolescente , Adulto , Etnicidad , Femenino , Seropositividad para VIH/complicaciones , Seropositividad para VIH/transmisión , Hospitalización , Humanos , Masculino , Estado Civil , Trastornos Mentales/complicaciones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Conducta SexualAsunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/transmisión , Seroprevalencia de VIH , Hospitales Psiquiátricos/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos Mentales/complicaciones , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/prevención & control , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ciudad de Nueva York , Prueba de Realidad , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Serological testing of waste bloods revealed that 25 (7%) of 350 acutely ill psychiatric inpatients had HIV infection. Eight of the 10 HIV-positive patients whose serological status was not recorded on admission were discharged with their status still unrecorded and presumably undetected. Thirty-nine (51%) of the 77 inpatients with HIV-related risk behaviors identified on admission were discharged with no record of their having been serologically tested before or during hospitalization.