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PurposeTo assess myocarditis and pericarditis reporting rate as adverse drug reactions (ADRs) for the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines authorized in Europe. MethodsData on myocarditis and pericarditis related to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines (period: January 1, 2021 - February 11, 2022) were collected from the EudraVigilance database and combined with the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Controls (ECDC) vaccination tracker database. The reporting rate was expressed as 1 million individual vaccinated-days with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI), and an observed-to-expected (OE) analysis was performed to check if there was an excess risk for myocarditis or pericarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. ResultsThe reporting rate of myocarditis per 1 million individual vaccinated-days in the study period was 17.27 (95% CI, 16.34-18.26) for the CX-024414 vaccine and 8.44 (95% CI, 8.18-8.70) for TOZINAMERAN vaccine. The reporting rate for pericarditis per 1 million individual vaccinated-days in the study period was 9.76 (95% CI, 9.06-10.51) for the CX-024414 vaccine and 5.79 (95% CI, 5.56-6.01) for TOZINAMERAN vaccine. The OE analysis showed that both vaccines produced a myocarditis standardized morbidity ratio (SMR) greater than 1, with the CX-024414 vaccine having a greater SMR than TOZINAMERAN. Regarding TOZINAMERAN, SMR for pericarditis was greater than 1 when considering the lowest background incidence, but smaller than 1 when considering the highest background incidence. ConclusionsOur results suggest an excess risk of myocarditis following the first dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, but the relationship between pericarditis and mRNA COVID-19 vaccine remains unclear.
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In 2020, SARS-CoV-2 impacted Georgia, USA. Georgia announced state-wide shelter-in-place on April 2 and partially lifted restrictions on April 27. We analyzed daily incidence of confirmed COVID-19 cases by reporting date, March 2-June 14, in Georgia, Metro Atlanta, and Dougherty County and estimate the time-varying reproduction number, Rt, using R package EpiEstim. The median Rt estimate in Georgia dropped from between 2 and 4 in mid-March, to <2 in late March, and around 1 from mid-April to mid-June. Regarding Metro Atlanta, Rt fluctuated above 1.5 in March and around 1 since April. In Dougherty County, the median Rt declined from around 2 in late March to 0.32 on April 26. In Spring 2020, SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Georgia declined likely because of social distancing measures. However, as restrictions were relaxed in late April, community transmission continued with Rt fluctuating around 1 across Georgia, Metro Atlanta, and Dougherty County as of mid-June.