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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A wide range of strategies have been developed to mitigate motion, as a major source of image quality degradation in clinical MRI. We aimed to assess the efficiency of a commercially available prospective motion correction (PMC) system in reducing motion in acquiring high-resolution 3D magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MPRAGE). METHODS: A total of 100 patients who referred for brain MRI studies were prospectively imaged using a 3.0T scanner. 3D MPRAGE acquisition was obtained with and without application of PMC. The motion tracking system (KinetiCor Inc.) consisted of a quad camera apparatus, which tracks a specific marker on patient's head by evaluating the marker's optical pattern. The patient's head motion in 6 degrees of freedom throughout the acquisition was then incorporated into the MRI sequence, updating the image acquisition in real time based on the most recent head pose data. MPRAGE images with and without motion correction were assessed independently by two board-certified neuroradiologists using a 5-point Likert scale. Statistical analysis included kappa and Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests. RESULTS: Observers 1 and 2 identified nondiagnostic studies in 17.2% and 20.7% of patients (K = .78, 95% CI .70-.86) without motion correction and in 5.7% and 8% of the studies with motion correction (K = .84, 95% CI .76-.92). The number of nondiagnostic studies was significantly (P = .001) reduced from 19.5% to 5.7% after motion correction in consensus read analysis. CONCLUSION: The described motion tracking system can be used effectively in clinical practice reducing motion artifact and improving image quality of 3D MPRAGE sequence.

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A commonly cited reason for the failure of time-area closures to achieve fisheries management goals is the displacement of fishing effort from inside the closure into the surrounding area still open to fishing. Designing time-area closures that are predicted to achieve management goals under multiple spatial patterns of effort redistribution will increase chances of success. Using data from an estuarine gill net fishery, we tested if there are time-area closures predicted to reduce bycatch of two protected species groups while maintaining target catch under four simulated effort redistribution patterns. We found that the pattern of effort redistribution had a substantial impact on the amount of predicted bycatch in each closure scenario. Multiple closures were predicted to reduce bycatch of these species under all four simulations of effort redistribution. However, some combinations of closure and effort redistribution pattern resulted in estimated bycatch being higher than without a closure. We did not find any time-area closures that resulted in a predicted reduction in bycatch while maintaining target catch at original levels. We demonstrate a simple way for fisheries managers to account for the uncertainty in fishers' behavior by designing time-area closures that are predicted to reduce bycatch under multiple potential patterns of spatial redistribution of fishing effort.

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Functional ribosomes synthesize proteins in all living cells and are composed of two labile associated subunits, which are made of rRNA and ribosomal proteins. The rRNA of the small 40S subunit (SSU) of the functional eukaryotic 80S ribosome decodes the mRNA molecule and the large 60S subunit (LSU) rRNA catalyzes protein synthesis. Recent fine structure determinations of the ribosome renewed interest in the role of ribosomal proteins in modulation of the core ribosomal functions. RpL10/Grc5p is a component of the LSU and is a multifunctional translational regulator, operating in 60S subunit biogenesis, 60S subunit export and 60S subunit joining with the 40S subunit. Here, we report that rpL10/Grc5p functionally interacts with the nuclear export factor Nmd3p in modulation of the cellular polysome complement and with the small subunit protein rpS6 in subunit joining and differential protein expression.

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Biogenesis of an active ribosome complement and a dynamic cell surface complement are two major determinants of cellular growth. In yeast, the 60S ribosomal subunit protein RpL10p/Grc5p functions during successive stages in ribosome biogenesis, specifically rRNA processing, nucle(ol)ar preribosomal subunit assembly, nucleo-cytoplasmic transport and cytoplasmic maturation of ribosomes. Here, we report that a two-hybrid screen identified yeast genes SED1, ACS2 and PLB3 as encoding proteins physically interacting with both ribosomal RpL10p/Grc5p and its human homologue hRpL10p/QMp. SED1 encodes a differentially expressed cell wall protein which is proposed to be first transiently secreted to the plasma membrane as a GPI (glycosylated derivative of phosphoinositol)-anchored form and to be then transferred to the glucan layer of the cell wall. Ectopic expression of SED1 rescues both the aberrant growth phenotype and the translation defect of grc5-1(ts) temperature-sensitive cells. Furthermore, we report that Sed1p associates with translating ribosomes suggesting a novel, cytoplasmic role for Sed1p. ACS2 encodes one of the two yeast acetyl-CoA synthases and represents a key enzyme in one of several metabolic routes to produce acetyl-CoA, which in turn is indispensable for lipid biosynthesis. PLB3 encodes a phospholipase, which is active in the breakdown of membrane lipids. Our results support the view that Grc5p/RpL10p links ribosome function to membrane turnover and cell surface biogenesis.

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