RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Studies examining the association of anogenital distance (AGD), a biomarker of prenatal androgen exposure, with sexual development in children are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between AGD measures and reproductive outcomes, including puberty onset, testicular volume, reproductive hormone levels, and urogenital malformations in boys aged 9-11 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among children belonging to the Spanish Environment and Childhood (INMA) Project, a population-based birth cohort study. The present sample included 279 boys for whom data were available on AGD, pubertal stage, testicular volume, and relevant covariates. Out of the boys with AGD data, 187 provided a blood sample for hormone analysis. AGD was measured from the center of the anus to the base of the scrotum. Pubertal development was assessed according to Tanner stage of genital development (G1-G5), and testicular volume was measured with an orchidometer. RESULTS: After adjusting for potential confounders, logistic regression analysis showed that AGD was positively associated with testicular volume but not with Tanner stage (>G1 vs. G1), serum hormone levels, or undescended testis. Regardless of their age, body mass index, and Tanner stage (G1 or >G1), boys with longer AGD showed increased odds of a testicular volume >3 mL (OR = 1.06, 95%CI = 1.00-1.19 per 10% increment in AGD; and OR = 3.14, 95%CI = 0.99-9.94 for AGD >42 mm vs. <33 mm). DISCUSSION: Longer AGD was associated with testicular growth, an indicator of gonadarche, but not with other reproductive outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Although AGD was positively associated with testicular volume, it remains unclear whether AGD predicts testis size at puberty or is related to puberty onset.
Asunto(s)
Canal Anal/anatomía & histología , Desarrollo Infantil , Pubertad , Escroto/anatomía & histología , Testículo/anatomía & histología , Factores de Edad , Biomarcadores/sangre , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Criptorquidismo/sangre , Criptorquidismo/diagnóstico , Criptorquidismo/epidemiología , Hormonas/sangre , Humanos , Hipospadias/sangre , Hipospadias/diagnóstico , Hipospadias/epidemiología , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pubertad/sangre , Factores de Riesgo , España/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
We investigated the effects of beta-glucans (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ingestion on metabolic parameters of Wistar rats receiving high-fat diet. The experimental period was divided into two stages: in the first one, the animals were divided into two groups containing 12 animals each. The first group received commercial feed and the second received high-fat diet containing 20% of pork fat during 60 days. At the end of this period, body weight, blood glucose and Lee index were assessed. In the second stage, those 24 animals were redivided into four groups: (C) - control diet; (CB) - control diet and treated with Beta-glucan (BG); (O) - obese animals and (OB) - obese animals treated with BG. Animals from groups CB and OB received 30 mg/kg of BG dissolved in saline solution by gavage. Animals from groups C and O received only saline solution for 28 days. The design used was totally randomized in 2 × 2 factorial scheme. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (anova). Animals from OB group showed inferior levels (p < 0.05) of total cholesterol (13.33%), triacylglycerols (16.77%) and blood glucose (23.97%) when compared to the animals from group O. The use of BG has provided smaller increase in Lee index (p < 0.05), without promoting alteration in feed and water consumption, organs weight, HDL-C, LDL+VLDL-C, carcass composition, villus/crypt ratio, and pancreas, kidney and stomach histology. BG from S. cerevisiae promoted beneficial metabolic effects in rats receiving high-fat diet.
Asunto(s)
Dieta Alta en Grasa , Grasas de la Dieta/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , beta-Glucanos/metabolismo , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Masculino , Obesidad , Distribución Aleatoria , RatasRESUMEN
The use of glycerol in the diets for animals is of interest because it is a residue of biodiesel production and rich in energy. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate metabolic and physiological parameters of rats receiving supplemental pure glycerol by gavage. We used 30 Wistar rats (initial weight 202.7 ± 29.98 g) receiving 0 (control/saline), 200, 400, 800 and 1600 mg glycerol/kg of body weight (bidistilled glycerine, 99.85% glycerol) beside food and water ad libitum for 28 days. We used a completely randomised design with five treatments and six replicates. At the end of the experiment, the animals were killed, and the results showed that there was no change (p > 0.05) in the intake and excretion of water, the average daily weight gain, dry matter, ash and crude protein in the carcass or plasma triacylglycerols. There was a beneficial effect (p < 0.05) up to a dose of 800 mg/kg glycerol on feed intake, percentage of carcass fat, plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), high-density lipoprotein (HDLc) and low-/very low-density lipoprotein (LDLc + VLDLc). The levels of total cholesterol and glucose were increased with up to a dose of 800 mg/kg glycerol (but remained within the normal range); they were reduced with the dose of 1600 mg/kg. The total leucocyte count tended to be reduced, although it was within the reference values for rats. There were no renal or pancreatic lesions. In conclusion, glycerol presented as a safe supplement at the studied doses, even having some beneficial effects in a dose-dependent manner in rats.
Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos , Glicerol/farmacocinética , Administración Oral , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Animales , Dieta , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Glicerol/administración & dosificación , Glicerol/metabolismo , Masculino , Distribución Aleatoria , RatasRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to perform lookback study in recipients of blood components from human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) seropositive donors. HTLV-1/2 may be transmitted by blood transfusion. Brazil is an endemic area for the virus and its screening in blood donors is mandatory since 1993. Hemominas Foundation (HF) is the public transfusion centre in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data on HTLV-1/2 seropositive donors and recipients from 1993 to 2004 were obtained at HF and 24 contracting hospitals. From 1993 to 2004, HTLV-1/2 enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was performed in 918 678 donations of approximately 422 600 blood donor candidates. Of these, 456 donors (0.1%) were reactive and confirmed by Western blot (WB): 449 HTLV-1 and 7 HTLV-2. Sixty-six (14.5%) were repeat donors and had 194 blood cellular components produced from their previous donations. Of the distributed components, 119/146 (81.5%) had the recipient traced, with a total of 114 individuals. Of these, only 13 recipients were tested: six (46%) were HTLV-1 positive (four recipients of red cell units, two of platelets) and seven (54%) were negative (six of red cell units and one of platelets). Eleven did not respond and 62/114 (54.0%) were deceased. Another 28/114 (25.0%) could not be located. All six seropositive HTLV-1 recipients identified had no symptoms suggestive of HTLV-1-associated diseases. Acellular components, when used alone, were not associated with HTLV seropositivity. HTLV-1 transmission by cellular blood components occurred before screening for the virus was introduced. Haemovigilance was difficult to perform due to unavailability of computer systems before 1999 and to inadequate medical records at hospitals.
Asunto(s)
Donantes de Sangre , Infecciones por HTLV-I/transmisión , Infecciones por HTLV-II/transmisión , Virus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano , Virus Linfotrópico T Tipo 2 Humano , Transfusión de Componentes Sanguíneos , Brasil , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Desde el año 1970 en que Janzekovic preconizo el tratamiento quirurgico precoz de los niños con quemaduras darmicas profundas, podemos afirmar que stas se han convertido en una de las indicaciones quirurgicas por excelencia. En esta patologia, el incremento en las tasas de supervivencia la mejoria en los resultados van estrachamente unidos a una rapida ex resis de los tejidos lesionados y su sustitucion precoz por una cobertura cutanea definitiva. Se presenta la experiencia en el tratamiento quirurgico del niño quemado haciendo hincapi en le manejo de sustitutos temporales del pi (apositos biosintaticos y homoinjertos cutaneos) y coberturas definitivas (autoinjerto y cultivo de queratinocitos)
Asunto(s)
Cirugía General , Pediatría , QuemadurasRESUMEN
Desde el año 1970 en que Janzekovic preconizo el tratamiento quirurgico precoz de los niños con quemaduras darmicas profundas, podemos afirmar que stas se han convertido en una de las indicaciones quirurgicas por excelencia. En esta patologia, el incremento en las tasas de supervivencia la mejoria en los resultados van estrachamente unidos a una rapida ex resis de los tejidos lesionados y su sustitucion precoz por una cobertura cutanea definitiva. Se presenta la experiencia en el tratamiento quirurgico del niño quemado haciendo hincapi en le manejo de sustitutos temporales del pi (apositos biosintaticos y homoinjertos cutaneos) y coberturas definitivas (autoinjerto y cultivo de queratinocitos)
Asunto(s)
Quemaduras , Cirugía General , PediatríaRESUMEN
El duodeno es una localización poco frecuente de tumores. Se presenta una serie de 11 tumores primarios de duodeno, 6 malignos y 5 benignos, tratados en nuestro servicio en los últimos 5 años. Se analiza la clínica, métodos diagnósticos, localización y anatomía-patológica, asi como el tratamiento empleado y la sobrevida de los casos. Se concluye que la cirugia radical, mediante duodenopancreatectomia, es el único tratamiento con criterio oncológico ceptable en los tumores malignos duodenales. En los tumores benignos la resección local es el tratamiento de elección