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Tick-borne relapsing fever is a zoonosis caused by spirochetes of the genus Borrelia, transmitted by hematophagous ticks. This life-threatening condition is still misdiagnosed. We report a case of tick-borne relapsing fever in a 54 year-old man in Morocco with a history of hiking, who was hospitalized for an isolated fever. On admission, the clinical examination showed no specific signs. The laboratory assessment showed inflammatory syndrome with disturbance of the liver function. The blood culture was sterile. Serology was negative for HIV and Lyme disease, as were all the rest of the paraclinical tests. The patient's course was marked by spontaneous resolution of the fever and then, seven days later, the onset of a new episode of fever. Malaria was suspected and a blood sample was sent to the parasitology department. The thick smear and blood smear stained with May-Grünwald Giemsa showed the presence of spirochetes. Tick-borne relapsing fever was diagnosed and the patient responded favorably to treatment by cycline drugs. This disease is poorly known and should be considered in cases of presence of intermittent fever without a specific clinical-laboratory picture, according to epidemiological context. The diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of spirochetes on thick smear and blood or cerebrospinal fluid smear stained with MGG.

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OBJECTIVES: Description of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the patients introducing risk factors of invasive candidiasis. Analysis of risk factors for candidiasis invasive and evaluation of the contribution of colonization index (CI) in the diagnosis of the systematic candidiasis in medical intensive care. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective observational study (October 2007 to October 2009). The selected patients present risk factors of system IC candidiasis with an infectious syndrome or clinical signs suggestive of Candida infection and hospitalized more than 48 hours in medical intensive care unit. Pittet's colonization index was calculated at admission and then once a week added to a blood culture. Patients were classified according to level of evidence of Candida infection and the degree of colonization (CI<0.5, CI ≥ 0.5). RESULTS: The study included 100 patients. Mean age of our patients was 55.8 ± 18.2 years with male prevalence. Neurological disease was the most frequent pathology in admission (48%). The most common risk factors were broad-spectrum antibiotics and foreign material. In the various mycology IC specimens, Candida albicans was the most frequent, followed by C. tropicalis, then C. glabrata. The CI was greater than or equal to 0.5 at 53% of the patients, and less than 0.5 in 47% of the cases. Among the patients, 15% developed an invasive candidiasis. In multivariate analysis, the corticosteroid therapy was associated with a high colonisation (IC ≥ 0.5) and neutropenia with a high risk of systemic candidiasis. The positive predictive value of CI was 26%. The negative predictive value was 98%, the sensitivity and specificity was 93% and 48% respectively. CONCLUSION: CI has the advantage to provide a quantified data of the patient's situation in relation to the colonization. But, it isn't helpful with patients having an invasive candidiasis in medical intensive care unit.

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Aspergillus fumigatus is a resistant filamentous fungus, common in the environment and pathogenic for human. The most common sites of primary aspergillosis are the maxillary sinus and lungs. Intracranial location is rare and may develop after hematogenous dissemination or contiguity. The invasive pseudotumoral form usually concerns immunodepressed patients. Invasive aspergillosis of the cavum is rare and its diagnosis is difficult. This infection can be fatal because of endocranial involvement and permeabilization of the blood-brain barrier, facilitating other neuromeningeal mycotic infections. We report the case of a 70-year-old diabetic and hypertensive female patient having presented with an invasive aspergillosis of the cavum and endocranial involvement complicated by Candida meningitis.

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Hydatidosis is a cosmopolitan parasitic disease that remains a real public health problem in highly endemic countries. Surgery is the mainstay treatment, but with significant morbidity and mortality. In addition, contraindications for surgery emphasize the importance of developing effective medications. Currently, albendazole is the main anti-hydatid agent used worldwide. It has proven efficacy but limited bioavailability due to weak absorption. In order to improve the bioavailability of this molecule we synthesized an ester of albendazole, which exhibits a totally modified solubility compared with the princeps compound. This synthesis was achieved with an output of 75%. The structure of the synthetic product was established by IR spectrometry and by proton nuclear magnetic resonance. A careful toxicity study revealed that this product has little toxicity when administered intraperitoneally and orally in mice, with a lethal dose 50 of 2,500 mg/kg per os and 2,250 mg/kg intraperitoneally, values comparable to those of albendazole. This in vitro parasitological study demonstrated that the chemical changes introduced on the albendazole molecule had no effect on its antiparasitic activity.

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Wohlfahrtia magnifica is a frequent fly in countries with high breeding activity: Australia, South Africa or Arab country The parasitological infestation occurred essentially during the summer, favourable period to the biological evolution of the flies. In this work, we report one case of wound myiasis that complicates a cutaneous lesion caused by larvae of Wohlfahrtia magnifica. This observation constitutes the first human case in our country.

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