RESUMEN
This paper gives an overview of development of the EU-bioeconomy, 2014-2020. The Vision of the new Circular Bio-based Economy, CBE is presented: Unlocking the full potential of all types of sustainably sourced biomass, crop residues, industrial side-streams, and wastes by transforming it into value-added products. The resulting product portfolio consists of a wide spectrum of value-added products, addressing societal and consumer needs. Food and feed, bio-based chemicals, materials, health-promoting products; and bio-based fuels. The pillars of CBE are described, including biotechnology, microbial production, enzyme technology, green chemistry, integrated physical/chemical processing, policies, conducive framework conditions and public private partnerships. Drivers of CBE are analyzed: Biomass supply, biorefineries, value chain clusters, rural development, farmers, foresters and mariners; urgent need for climate change mitigation and adaptation, and stopping biodiversity loss. Improved framework conditions can be drivers but also obstacles if not updated to the era of circularity. Key figures, across the entire BBI-JU project portfolio (2014-2020) are provided, including expansion into biomass feedstocks, terrestrial and aquatic, and an impressive broadening of bio-based product portfolio, including higher-value, health-promoting products for man, animal, plants and soil. Parallel to this, diversification of industrial segments and types of funding instruments developed, reflecting industrial needs and academic research involvement. Impact assessment is highlighted. A number of specific recommendations are given; e.g., including international win/win CBE-collaborations, as e.g., expanding African EU collaboration into CBE. In contrast to fossil resources biological resources are found worldwide. In its outset, circular bio-based economy, can be implemented all over, in a just manner, not the least stimulating rural development.
RESUMEN
Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) has been 1200-fold purified from erythrocytes of a patient with partial hipoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) deficiency, Propositus, and in those of a controlHPRT+, with 20% efficiency in both proteins and specific activity of 550 and 243 nmol/h/mgprotein. The specific activity determined in the Propositus enzyme was, in all purification steps, higher than that of the controlHPRT+. Significant changes were found in their thermal stabilities. Half inactivation times at each temperature studied are greater for the Propositus enzyme in the temperature interval 60-80 degrees C. No significant difference has been observed in the affinity constants for adenine and PRPP substrates. Studies on inhibition by the reaction product suggest that AMP is a competitive inhibitor with respect to PRPP in both enzymes, with Ki values of 150 microM in Propositus and 220 microM in controlHPRT+.